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  • 1
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    A numerical model study of the effects of interannual time scale wave propagation on the predictability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-26
    Description: [1]  We investigate processes leading to uncertainty in forecasts of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). A climate model is used to supply initial conditions for ensemble simulations in which members initially have identical ocean states but perturbed atmosphere states. Baroclinic transports diverge on interannual time scales even though the ocean is not eddy-permitting. Interannual fluctuations of the model AMOC in the subtropical gyre are caused by westward propagating Rossby waves. Divergence of the predicted AMOC with time occurs because the waves develop different phases in different ensemble members predominantly due to differences in eastern boundary windstress curl. These windstress fluctuations communicate with interior ocean transports via modifications to the vertical velocity and the vortex stretching term d w /d z . Consequently, errors propagate westward resulting in longer predictability times in the interior ocean compared with the eastern boundary. Another source of divergence is transport anomalies propagating along the Gulf Stream (and other boundary currents). The propagation mechanism seems to be predominantly advection by mean currents, and we show that the arrival of westward propagating waves can trigger development of these anomalies. The mean state of the AMOC has a small effect on interannual predictability in the subtropical gyre, most likely because eastern boundary windstress curl predictability is not strongly dependent on the state of the AMOC in the subtropics. Eastern boundary windstress curl was more predictable at 45°N when the AMOC was in a strongly decreasing state, but, unlike at 30°N, no mechanism was found linking windstress curl fluctuations with deep transports.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    The rogue nature of hiatuses in a global warming climate (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-23
    Description: The nature of rogue events is their unlikelihood and the recent unpredicted decade-long slowdown in surface warming, the so-called hiatus, may be such an event. However, given decadal variability in climate, global surface temperatures were never expected to increase monotonically with increasing radiative forcing. Here, surface air temperature from twenty climate models is analysed to estimate the historical and future likelihood of hiatuses and “surges” (faster than expected warming), showing that the global hiatus of the early 21 st Century was extremely unlikely. A novel analysis of future climate scenarios suggests that hiatuses will almost vanish and surges will strongly intensify by 2100 under a “business as usual” scenario. For “CO 2 stabilisation” scenarios, hiatus and surge characteristics revert to typical 1940s values. These results suggest to study the hiatus of the early 21 st Century and future re-occurrences as rogue events, at the limit of the variability of current climate modelling capability.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Surface warming hiatus caused by increased heat uptake across multiple ocean basins (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-06
    Description: The first decade of the twenty-first century was characterised by a hiatus in global surface warming. Using ocean model hindcasts and reanalyses we show that heat uptake between the 1990s and 2000s increased by 0.7 ± 0.3 Wm −2 . Approximately 30% of the increase is associated with colder sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific. Other basins contribute via reduced heat loss to the atmosphere, in particular the Southern and subtropical Indian Oceans (30%), and the subpolar North Atlantic (40%). A different mechanism is important at longer timescales (1960s-present) over which the Southern Annular Mode trended upwards. In this period, increased ocean heat uptake has largely arisen from reduced heat loss associated with reduced winds over the Agulhas Return Current and southward displacement of Southern Ocean westerlies.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Major variations in subtropical North Atlantic heat transport at short (5 day) time scales and their causes (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-09
    Description: Variability in the North Atlantic ocean heat transport at 26.5°N on short (5-day) timescales is identified and contrasted with different behaviour at monthly intervals using a combination of RAPID/MOCHA/WBTS measurements and the NEMO-LIM2 1/12° ocean circulation/sea ice model. Wind forcing plays the leading role in establishing the heat transport variability through the Ekman transport response of the ocean and the associated driving atmospheric conditions vary significantly with timescale. We find that at 5-day timescales the largest changes in the heat transport across 26.5°N coincide with north-westerly airflows originating over the American land mass that drive strong southward anomalies in the Ekman flow. During these events the northward heat transport reduces by 0.5-1.4 PW. In contrast, the Ekman transport response at longer monthly timescales is smaller in magnitude (up to 0.5 PW) and consistent with expected variations in the leading mode of North Atlantic atmospheric variability, the North Atlantic Oscillation. The north-westerly airflow mechanism can have a prolonged influence beyond the central 5-day timescale and on occasion can reduce the accumulated winter ocean heat transport into the North Atlantic by ∼40%. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Quantum stochastic calculus associated with quadratic quantum noises (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-26
    Description: We first study a class of fundamental quantum stochastic processes induced by the generators of a six dimensional non-solvable Lie †-algebra consisting of all linear combinations of the generalized Gross Laplacian and its adjoint, annihilation operator, creation operator, conservation, and time, and then we study the quantum stochastic integrals associated with the class of fundamental quantum stochastic processes, and the quantum Itô formula is revisited. The existence and uniqueness of solution of a quantum stochastic differential equation is proved. The unitarity conditions of solutions of quantum stochastic differential equations associated with the fundamental processes are examined. The quantum stochastic calculus extends the Hudson-Parthasarathy quantum stochastic calculus.
    Print ISSN: 0022-2488
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7658
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    A Stable Coordination Complex of Rh(IV) in an N,O-Donor Environment (2015)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-12
    Description: Journal of the American Chemical Society DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12148
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 7
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    Insights into decadal North Atlantic sea surface temperature and ocean heat content variability from an eddy-permitting coupled climate model (2019)
    American Meteorological Society (AMS)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Journal of Climate, Ahead of Print. 〈br/〉
    Print ISSN: 0894-8755
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0442
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society (AMS)
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  • 8
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    A mammalian H+ channel generated through alternative splicing of the NADPH oxidase homolog NOH-1 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-30
    Description: Voltage-gated proton (H+) channels are found in many human and animal tissues and play an important role in cellular defense against acidic stress. However, a molecular identification of these unique ion conductances has so far not been achieved. A 191-amino acid protein is described that, upon heterologous expression, has properties indistinguishable from those of native H+ channels. This protein is generated through alternative splicing of messenger RNA derived from the gene NOH-1 (NADPH oxidase homolog 1, where NADPH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Banfi, B -- Maturana, A -- Jaconi, S -- Arnaudeau, S -- Laforge, T -- Sinha, B -- Ligeti, E -- Demaurex, N -- Krause, K H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 7;287(5450):138-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology of Aging Laboratory, Department of Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10615049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Electric Conductivity ; Electron Transport ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Humans ; Hydrogen/*metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ion Channel Gating ; Ion Channels/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NADPH Oxidase/chemistry/*genetics ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protons ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Zinc/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Rainforest aerosols as biogenic nuclei of clouds and precipitation in the Amazon (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-09-18
    Description: The Amazon is one of the few continental regions where atmospheric aerosol particles and their effects on climate are not dominated by anthropogenic sources. During the wet season, the ambient conditions approach those of the pristine pre-industrial era. We show that the fine submicrometer particles accounting for most cloud condensation nuclei are predominantly composed of secondary organic material formed by oxidation of gaseous biogenic precursors. Supermicrometer particles, which are relevant as ice nuclei, consist mostly of primary biological material directly released from rainforest biota. The Amazon Basin appears to be a biogeochemical reactor, in which the biosphere and atmospheric photochemistry produce nuclei for clouds and precipitation sustaining the hydrological cycle. The prevailing regime of aerosol-cloud interactions in this natural environment is distinctly different from polluted regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poschl, U -- Martin, S T -- Sinha, B -- Chen, Q -- Gunthe, S S -- Huffman, J A -- Borrmann, S -- Farmer, D K -- Garland, R M -- Helas, G -- Jimenez, J L -- King, S M -- Manzi, A -- Mikhailov, E -- Pauliquevis, T -- Petters, M D -- Prenni, A J -- Roldin, P -- Rose, D -- Schneider, J -- Su, H -- Zorn, S R -- Artaxo, P -- Andreae, M O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 17;329(5998):1513-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1191056.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany. u.poschl@mpic.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20847268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Biogenic potassium salt particles as seeds for secondary organic aerosol in the Amazon (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-09-01
    Description: The fine particles serving as cloud condensation nuclei in pristine Amazonian rainforest air consist mostly of secondary organic aerosol. Their origin is enigmatic, however, because new particle formation in the atmosphere is not observed. Here, we show that the growth of organic aerosol particles can be initiated by potassium-salt-rich particles emitted by biota in the rainforest. These particles act as seeds for the condensation of low- or semi-volatile organic compounds from the atmospheric gas phase or multiphase oxidation of isoprene and terpenes. Our findings suggest that the primary emission of biogenic salt particles directly influences the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei and affects the microphysics of cloud formation and precipitation over the rainforest.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pohlker, Christopher -- Wiedemann, Kenia T -- Sinha, Barbel -- Shiraiwa, Manabu -- Gunthe, Sachin S -- Smith, Mackenzie -- Su, Hang -- Artaxo, Paulo -- Chen, Qi -- Cheng, Yafang -- Elbert, Wolfgang -- Gilles, Mary K -- Kilcoyne, Arthur L D -- Moffet, Ryan C -- Weigand, Markus -- Martin, Scot T -- Poschl, Ulrich -- Andreae, Meinrat O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 31;337(6098):1075-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1223264.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55020, Germany. c.pohlker@mpic.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22936773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Particle Size ; Particulate Matter/*chemistry ; Potassium/*chemistry ; Rain/*chemistry ; Salts/chemistry ; South America ; Trees/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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