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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-03-22
    Description: Recent upward revision of the 1872 Owens Valley earthquake from M w  7.4–7.5 to 7.7–7.9 implies either additional unrecognized rupture length or anomalously strong ground motions associated with this event. We investigate the first possibility through paleoseismic trenching south of the mapped surface rupture in the Haiwee area, where historical accounts suggest significant surface deformation following the earthquake. Trenching focused on a prominent north-striking scarp, herein termed the Sage Flat fault, expressed in Pleistocene alluvial fans east of Haiwee Reservoir. Surficial mapping and ground-based Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) surveying suggest that this fault accommodates east-down normal motion, and possibly a comparable amount of dextral slip. Trenching and luminescence dating brackets the timing of the most recent surface-rupturing earthquake between ~25.7 and 30.1 ka, and provides evidence for an earlier event predating this time. In combination with scarp profiling, these dates also suggest a maximum rate of normal, dip-slip fault motion up to ~0.1 mm/yr over this period. Although we discovered no evidence for recent surface rupture on the Sage Flat fault, a series of subvertical fractures and fissures cut across young trench stratigraphy, consistent with secondary deformation associated with seismic shaking. As such, we suggest that possible ground disturbance in the Haiwee area during the 1872 event primarily reflected ground shaking or liquefaction-related deformation rather than triggered slip. In addition, we infer a structural and kinematic connection between the Owens Valley fault and oblique-dextral faults north of Lower Cactus Flat in the northwestern Coso Range, rather than a west-step into northern or western Rose Valley. Consideration of these structures in the total extent of the Owens Valley fault suggests a length of 140 km, of which at least 113 km ruptured during the 1872 event. Online Material: Procedural details and expanded results from the OSL sample analyses, as well as high-resolution paleoseismic trench logs.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-01-30
    Description: Climate warming is likely to lead to complex effects on northern forests of the temperate forest biome. We investigated whether rising temperatures altered the timing of snowmelt and snowpack accumulation or extended the forest growing season length in the Turkey Lakes Watershed in Central Ontario. Archived satellite imagery was used to track changes in timing of snow pack loss/gain and canopy leaf on/off; the periods between these events were defined as the vernal (spring) and autumnal (fall) windows. We found only a slight extension of the growing season into the autumn period and no increase in the width of the vernal or autumnal windows, indicating that forest growth is not responding significantly to temperature increases during these windows. Archived time series of temperature, precipitation and discharge data for a nested set of catchments ranging in size from headwater (〈10 ha) to regional (10 3 ha) catchments were used to track changes in the magnitude, timing and partitioning of precipitation into evapotranspiration and discharge. We found an intensification of hydrological cycling, with (1) a higher dryness index (PET/P) during the summer growing season, and (2) earlier spring snowmelt discharges and later more concentrated autumn storm discharges during the shoulder seasons. This intensification of the hydrological cycle during the summer growth season and the vernal and autumnal windows may not only limit opportunities for enhanced forest growth, but may be contributing to the recent observations of forest decline within this biome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2007-05-26
    Description: The roles of endocannabinoid signaling during central nervous system development are unknown. We report that CB(1) cannabinoid receptors (CB(1)Rs) are enriched in the axonal growth cones of gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing (GABAergic) interneurons in the rodent cortex during late gestation. Endocannabinoids trigger CB(1)R internalization and elimination from filopodia and induce chemorepulsion and collapse of axonal growth cones of these GABAergic interneurons by activating RhoA. Similarly, endocannabinoids diminish the galvanotropism of Xenopus laevis spinal neurons. These findings, together with the impaired target selection of cortical GABAergic interneurons lacking CB(1)Rs, identify endocannabinoids as axon guidance cues and demonstrate that endocannabinoid signaling regulates synaptogenesis and target selection in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berghuis, Paul -- Rajnicek, Ann M -- Morozov, Yury M -- Ross, Ruth A -- Mulder, Jan -- Urban, Gabriella M -- Monory, Krisztina -- Marsicano, Giovanni -- Matteoli, Michela -- Canty, Alison -- Irving, Andrew J -- Katona, Istvan -- Yanagawa, Yuchio -- Rakic, Pasko -- Lutz, Beat -- Mackie, Ken -- Harkany, Tibor -- DA00286/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA015916/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA11322/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1212-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525344" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/metabolism/*physiology ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/embryology/ultrastructure ; *Endocannabinoids ; Growth Cones/physiology/ultrasonography ; In Situ Hybridization ; Interneurons/metabolism/*physiology/ultrasonography ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/metabolism ; Synapses/physiology/ultrasonography ; Xenopus Proteins/physiology ; Xenopus laevis ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: Abnormally high spiking activity can damage neurons. Signaling systems to protect neurons from the consequences of abnormal discharge activity have been postulated. We generated conditional mutant mice that lack expression of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 in principal forebrain neurons but not in adjacent inhibitory interneurons. In mutant mice,the excitotoxin kainic acid (KA) induced excessive seizures in vivo. The threshold to KA-induced neuronal excitation in vitro was severely reduced in hippocampal pyramidal neurons of mutants. KA administration rapidly raised hippocampal levels of anandamide and induced protective mechanisms in wild-type principal hippocampal neurons. These protective mechanisms could not be triggered in mutant mice. The endogenous cannabinoid system thus provides on-demand protection against acute excitotoxicity in central nervous system neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marsicano, Giovanni -- Goodenough, Sharon -- Monory, Krisztina -- Hermann, Heike -- Eder, Matthias -- Cannich, Astrid -- Azad, Shahnaz C -- Cascio, Maria Grazia -- Gutierrez, Silvia Ortega -- van der Stelt, Mario -- Lopez-Rodriguez, Maria Luz -- Casanova, Emilio -- Schutz, Gunther -- Zieglgansberger, Walter -- Di Marzo, Vincenzo -- Behl, Christian -- Lutz, Beat -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):84-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Genetics of Behaviour, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrabetae 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Cannabinoids/*metabolism ; Endocannabinoids ; Epilepsy/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/pharmacology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Furans/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Genes, Immediate-Early ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Glycerides/metabolism ; Hippocampus/drug effects/metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Mutation ; Neurons/drug effects/*metabolism/physiology ; Neuroprotective Agents/metabolism ; Piperidines/pharmacology ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; Prosencephalon/drug effects/metabolism ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology ; Receptors, Cannabinoid ; Receptors, Drug/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: Diminished synaptic inhibition in the spinal dorsal horn is a major contributor to chronic pain. Pathways that reduce synaptic inhibition in inflammatory and neuropathic pain states have been identified, but central hyperalgesia and diminished dorsal horn synaptic inhibition also occur in the absence of inflammation or neuropathy, solely triggered by intense nociceptive (C-fiber) input to the spinal dorsal horn. We found that endocannabinoids, produced upon strong nociceptive stimulation, activated type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptors on inhibitory dorsal horn neurons to reduce the synaptic release of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine and thus rendered nociceptive neurons excitable by nonpainful stimuli. Our results suggest that spinal endocannabinoids and CB1 receptors on inhibitory dorsal horn interneurons act as mediators of heterosynaptic pain sensitization and play an unexpected role in dorsal horn pain-controlling circuits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835775/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835775/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pernia-Andrade, Alejandro J -- Kato, Ako -- Witschi, Robert -- Nyilas, Rita -- Katona, Istvan -- Freund, Tamas F -- Watanabe, Masahiko -- Filitz, Jorg -- Koppert, Wolfgang -- Schuttler, Jurgen -- Ji, Guangchen -- Neugebauer, Volker -- Marsicano, Giovanni -- Lutz, Beat -- Vanegas, Horacio -- Zeilhofer, Hanns Ulrich -- NS11255/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS38261/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS011255/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS011255-32A20042/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS011255-330042/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS038261/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS038261-08/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS038261-09/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS038261-10/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS038261-10S1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):760-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1171870.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/*physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; *Endocannabinoids ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia/*physiopathology ; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated/*physiology ; Neural Inhibition ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Piperidines/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Posterior Horn Cells/*physiology ; Pyrazoles/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Spinal Cord/cytology/physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 3696-3704 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High translational energy adsorption of oxygen on the (111) surface of platinum was examined with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and molecular beam techniques. EEL spectra indicate that over an incident energy range of 0.2–1.37 eV and on a Pt(111) surface held at 77 K, oxygen adsorbs in an associative chemisorbed state—yielding to the dissociated state only after sufficient substrate heating. Simple direct dissociation appears negligible for all incident kinetic energies studied. At near-zero surface coverages, exclusive population of the peroxolike molecular precursor is observed for adsorption at these high translational energies, while both superoxolike and peroxolike forms are detected for low energy adsorption (0.055 eV). This peculiarity represents evidence that translational energy is effective in differentially populating reaction intermediates and provides better quantification of potential energy barriers to dissociation. We estimate the activation barrier for dissociation from the peroxolike precursor to be approximately 0.29 eV. Initial adsorption probability measurements over a wide range of surface temperatures and high incident kinetic energies corroborate a molecular chemisorption mediated mechanism. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 240 (1990), S. 311-316 
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Keywords: Hydrogen bonding ; Infrared spectrometry ; Rhamnose derivatives
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: Northern blots ; Recombinant DNA ; S1 nuclease ; alternative splicing ; developmental regulation ; primer extension
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: Chironomus tentans ; CsCl gradients ; Recombinant DNA ; open reading frames ; polysome profiles ; ribonucleoprotein ; salivary glands ; sucrose gradients ; tissue culture cells
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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