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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 40 (1995), S. 1242-1248 
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Acetonitrile ; γ-butyrolactone ; propylene carbonate ; 1,2-dimethoxyethane ; dielectric constant ; isothermal compressibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The dielectric constants ∈ of 1,2-dimethoxyethane, acetonitrile, γ-butyrolactone, and propylene carbonate were determined from capacitance measurements extrapolated to infinite frequency; ln ∈ are reported as a function of pressure up to 80 MPa at 15, 25, 35, 45°C and as a function of temperature in the range 10 to 50°C at 0.10133 MPa. The variation of ln ∈ with temperature or pressure can be expressed by a second order polynomial expression. The isothermal compressibilities β of the solvents were determined at 25°C from sound velocities, densities, and heat capacities. A simple correlation can be established between ∂ ln ∈/∂P and β for most aprotic solvent.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 32 (1990), S. 403-408 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Growing cells ofLactobacillus casei were entrapped inκ-carrageenan/locust bean gum (LBG) (2:1 or 2.75%:0.25% w/w respectively) mixed gel beads (two ranges of diameter: 0.5–1.0 and 1.0–2.0 mm) to fermentLactobacillus Selection (LBS) medium and produce biomass. The results showed significant influence of initial cell loading of the beads and bead size on the fermentation rate. The highest cell release rates were obtained with 2.75%:0.25%κ-carrageenan/LBG small diameter gel beads. However, 17 h fermentation of LBS medium with immobilized cells resulted in substantial softening of the gel matrix, prohibiting reuse of immobilized biocatalysts as inoculum in subsequent batch fermentation. A dynamic shear rheological study showed that the gel weakness was related to chemical interactions with the medium. Results indicated that part of the matrix-stabilizing K+ ions diffused back to the medium. Stabilization of the gel was obtained by adding potassium ions to the LBS medium;L. casei growth was not altered by this supplementation. Fermentation of LBS medium supplemented with KCl byL. casei showed higher cell counts in the broth medium with immobilized cells than with free cells, reaching 1010 cells/ml after about 10 h with entrapped cells in 0.5–1.0 mm diameter beads and 17 h with free cells. Counts in the gel beads after fermentation were higher than 1011 cells/ml and bead integrity was maintained throughout fermentation.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Ce travail porte sur 7 espèces de Copépodes Calanoides, choisies pour la variété de leur régime alimentaire: essentiellement herbivore (Calanus helgolandicus), très omnivore (Nannocalanus minor,Temora stylifera,Centropages typicus,Labidocera wollastoni,Acartia clausi) ou nettement carnivore (Candacia armata). Sur le plan topographique, le tube digestif de ces 7 Copépodes présente une homogénéité certaine, en particulier au niveau de l'intestin moyen, toujours formé par une succession de 3 zones caractéristiques: zone I à cellules à plateau strié; zone II à grandes cellules vacuolaires; zone III à cellules aplaties. Les principales différences relevées concernent le mode d'abouchement de l'oesophage avec l'intestin moyen, la présence ou l'absence d'un diverticule dans la région antérieure de l'intestin moyen, la position, dorsale ou ventrale, de la zone III. Un mésentère d'épaisseur très variable, souvent chargé de gouttelettes lipidiques, entoure l'intestin moyen dont il est seulement séparé, de façon discontinue, par une fine musculature. Au point de vue ultrastructural, nous avons mis en évidence 3 types fondamentaux de cellules: cellules R à grandes microvillosités et à réticulum endoplasmique lisse ou peu granulaire; cellules F à réticulum endoplasmique très granulaire et phagosomes souvent volumineux; cellules B renfermant un appareil vacuolaire avec 5 stades principaux d'évolution (B1 à B5). La structure fine de chacune des catégories cellulaires précitées offre une remarquable constance chez toutes les espèces considérées et, comme au niveau structural, aucune des variations mises en évidence ne peut être reliée à un mode de nutrition particulier. L'analyse détaillée de leurs caractères ultrastructuraux permet d'avancer un rôle d'absorption pour les cellules R, de digestion pour les cellules F et B et, peut-être, d'excrétion pour les cellules B.
    Notes: Summary The present study deals with 7 species of Calanoid Copepods selected for alimentary diet variety: essentially herbivorous diet (Calanus helgolandicus), or very omnivorous diet (Nannocalanus minor, Temora stylifer a, Centropages typicus, Labidocera wollastoni, Acartia clausi), or extremely carnivorous diet (Candacia armatd). From the topographical point of view, the alimentary canal of the Calanoids presents a great homogeneity, especially on a level with the midgut which consists of three successive zones: zone I with striated border cells; zone II with large vacuolar cells; zone III with flattened cells. The major differences between species concern the junction mode between oesophagus and midgut, the presence or the absence of an anterior midgut diverticulum, the zone III in a dorsal or a ventral situation. A mesentery of greatly varying thickness, often filled with lipid droplets, surrounds the midgut of which it is discontinuously separated by a thin musculature. From the ultrastructural point of view three main cell types have been distinguished: R-cells are large microvillar and smooth or lightly granular reticulum-cells; F-cells are extremely granular reticulum and often large phagosomal cells; B-cells are vacuolar cells developing in five successive stages of evolution (Bl to B5). As on an optical microscopic level, the fine structure of each type presents an excellent degree of invariability in all the 7 species and none of the observed variations is to connect with a peculiar nutritional mode. From a cell ultrastructural detailed analysis we propose an absorptive function for R-cells, a digestive function for F- and B-cells and perhaps an excretory function for the B-cells also.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 197 (1988), S. 209-219 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two groups of external excretory pores associated with glandular units (AU and LPU) were observed on the labrum, one pair laterally and three pairs posteriorly. Each external pore leads to an underlying conical, flask-shaped epidermal chamber. The wide base of this chamber is perforated by an internal pore that delivers secretions from the excretory duct of a glandular unit. The chambers serve to protect the internal pores from turbulence in the outside environment. Expulsion of secretions from the chambers is probably brought about by contraction of labral striated muscles, which synchronizes opening of the AU and LPU pores. A complex funnel-shaped structure forms the internal end of the excretory duct between each chamber and the corresponding pole of accumulation for the secretory product of a glandular unit. This structure, composed of an epidermal syncytium lined by a sleeve of several aligned auxiliary cells, probably ensures a tight connection between the epidermal chamber and the syncytium. The dorsalmost glandular units (LDU) have no pores in the vicinity of their poles of accumulation. Instead they secrete through cuticular ducts delimited by aligned auxiliary cells. External pores for these canals have not yet been located. The secretions of lateral pores may be mucopolysaccharides that play an essential role in agglutination of food particles soon after capture, while the secretions of posterior pores may contain glycoproteins that mix with food only after ingestion into the buccal cavity and probably start the process of digestion.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: These investigations concern two freshwater calanoid copepods Hemidiaptomus ingens and Mixodiaptomus kupelwieseri. The first aspect of the research relates to the processes involved in the formation and the differentiation of the ooplasmic organelles at the time of primary vitellogenesis. During this phase, a number of complex associations develop in the ooplasm. They consist chiefly of nuage-like structures, corresponding to extruded nuclear material, and vesicular formations, some arising from the nuclear envelope and the others neoformed in the ooplasm. These associations represent centers of maturation for ribosomes and synthesis for reticulum membranes. Annulate lamellae may be observed near these associations. Biogenesis of the reticulum always precedes the differentiation of the Golgi apparatus. Indeed, the dictyo-somes develop in characteristic complexes including endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and numerous vesicles resulting from intensive blebbing from cisternae. The second aspect of this research concerns yolk synthesis and accumulation of hyaloplasmic inclusions. A preliminary synthesis of yolk occurs early in these complexes and becomes more important after achievement of Golgi apparatus biogenesis. However, the most important yolk storage results from exogenous molecules and consists of complex globules, which develop into the ooplasm during secondary vitellogenesis. Formation of these globules is associated with the accumulation of two categories of inclusions in the hyaloplasm, i.e., lipid droplets and clusters of glycogen particles. At the end of vitellogenesis, a new type of endogenous material develops into small cisternae localized in the cortical ooplasm. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 31 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 197 (1988), S. 21-32 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In Centropages typicus the labrum contains two symmetric gland clusters on the right and left sides. Each cluster comprises two principal elements: a vast unit (AU) located in the anterior, distal area and a dozen smaller units (LPU) in the lateral, posterior area. All these glandular units empty through several pores situated on the labrum. In addition, other secretory units (LDU) are observed in a more dorsal and posterior zone at the level of the perioesophageal nerve ring, and hence outside the labrum itself; these LDU probably secrete through the dorsal side of the stomodeum. All the glandular units (i.e., AU, LPU, and LDU) are organized in syncytia. They have the typical ultrastructural features of a secretory system (rough endoplasmic reticulum, numerous dictyosomes, and secretory granules, the latter amassed at one pole), and several stages of activity may be characterized. The biochemical composition of the products synthesized by rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus is probably very complex. Mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins both appear to be contained in a single type of grain. The mucopolysaccharides would cause agglutination of food particles carried up to the stomodeum by water currents. The glycoproteins would consist of different enzymes functioning in a preliminary digestive phase occurring before the aliments enter the midgut.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
    Publication Date: 1990-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0614
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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