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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of sand and light on predation of juvenile plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) by fishes and crustaceans (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 43 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Rates of predation on 0-group plaice, Pleuronectes platessa. in aquaria were compared under four different combinations of conditions to test the hypothesis that the presence of sand in which they may bury affords a refuge from predators. The effect of light and darkness on predation rate was also examined, Two crustaceans, the shrimp, Crangon crangon, and the portunid crab, Liocarcinus holatus, and two fishes, cod, Gadus morhua, and pollack, Pollachius pollachius, were used as predators. Predaton rates were significantly higher in the dark for all predators except pollack. Predation rates in the absence of sand were signifcantly greater only for pollack. The results suggest that predation rates on plaice during their juvenile nursery stage on sandy beaches will be significantly greater during darkness than during the day. Burying in sand appears to provide only a partial refuge from predation, perhaps because natural predators have evolved effective methods of foraging for buried prey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb01159.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sedimentation of organic detritus in Lochs Etive and Creran, Argyll, Scotland (1974)
    Springer
    Marine biology 27 (1974), S. 263-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rates of sedimentation of organic detritus were measured at 3 stations in two Scottish sea lochs, Loch Etive and Loch Creran, using sedimentation jars exposed at various depths. Details are given of the seasonal and depth distribution of sedimenting material, and its composition for a 1-year period. Differences in the pattern of sedimenting material collected at different depths and in the seasonal patterns of sedimentation at the different stations suggested that, in each case there were differences in the relative importance of detritus from various sources. At all stations, phytoplankton production made a relatively small contribution to the total detritus collected, either directly as dead cells, or indirectly as the faeces of zooplankton organisms. Near the head of Loch Etive there were contributions by filamentous algae and Enteromorpha sp., but a major source of detritus was terrestrial debris, mainly carried into the loch in the waters of the River Etive. In the lower basin of Loch Etive, terrestrial detritus also contributed to the total sedimenting near the surface, but at greater depths much of the material collected in the sedimentation jars probably resulted from short-term resuspension and re-deposition of bottom material, reflecting a net transport of fine sediment from the shallower to the deeper areas of the loch. Secondarily resuspended material was also a major source of material collected in the jars exposed in Loch Creran.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391951
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes in biochemical composition of the bivalve Nucula sulcata from the Clyde Sea Area (1974)
    Springer
    Marine biology 25 (1974), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal changes in the body weight and composition of Nucula sulcata Bronn from south of Little Cumbrae Island in the Clyde Sea Area (UK) were studied during the period August, 1969 to April, 1971. The composition of an animal of standard size was calculated for each sampling date to give information on seasonal changes independent of shell growth. Increase in body-tissue weight took place between May and October as the gonad developed and as reserves were built up. Spawning in the population took place in November, resulting in a rapid fall in body weight, and an increase in tissue water-content. These processes were less well defined in 1970 than in 1969, but the same general pattern was followed in both years. Ripe males showed a consistently higher tissue weight than females, but the female gonad contained significantly greater quantities of lipid. The changes are compared with those for other bivalves from the same general area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389259
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes in biochemical composition of the bivalve Astarte montagui in the Clyde Sea Area (1975)
    Springer
    Marine biology 29 (1975), S. 235-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Changes in tissue weight and in biochemical composition for a standard animal of the bivalve Astarte montagui (Dillwyn) from a station in the Largs Channel in the Clyde Sea Area were studied during 1969–1971. Spawning took place during the autumn months and was accompanied by a decrease in tissue weight which was then continued until March. Tissue weight increased between April and July. A. elliptica (Brown) and A. sulcata (da Costa) from the same area both showed an essentially similar cycle of tissue weight changes, with evidence that spawning occurred during the autumn. The biochemical changes accompanying this cycle, and the resultant changes in caloric content of the tissues are described for A. montagui.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391849
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A preliminary account of two sandy beaches in South West India (1970)
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 268-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Observations were made on 2 beaches during the premonsoon period (January to March) when conditions were relatively stable. The beach below the berm at Cochin is 14 m wide with a slope of 1 in 8.5, and at Shertallai 40 m wide with a slope of 1 in 16. The well-sorted sand has a mean particle size of 275 μ at Cochin and 175 μ at Shertallai. The amount of chlorophyll attached to sand grains is very small. Chlorophyll in the water varies between 0.9 and 13.0 μg/l. Carbon in the sand amounts to 210 to 630 μg/g, and in the water to 355 to 3660 μg/l. Throughout observations, the water temperature remained about 31°C, but on the dry sand surface it reached 50°C. Fauna zonation on the 2 beaches is similar to that of other tropical beaches; crabs of the genus Ocypode and the isopod Eurydice sp. occur at high water mark, the polychaetes of the genera Glycera, Onuphis, Scoloplos and Lumbrinereis in the mid-intertidal region and below; the tidal migrants Bullia melanoides (Gastropoda), Donax incarnatus and D. spiculum (Bivalvia) and Emerita holthuisi (Crustacea) inhabit the wash zone of the surf. The average biomass is 0.73 g carbon/m2 at Shertallai and 0.85 g C/m2 at Cochin, where fewer species are present. This compares with a value of 0.63 g C/m2 for a sandy beach on the west coast of Scotland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347236
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereological methods applied to reproductive cycle of Tapes rhomboides (1988)
    Springer
    Marine biology 97 (1988), S. 355-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A population of Tapes rhomboides (Pennant) in the Bay of St. Malo, France, was studied for one and a half years (July 1984–October 1985) to determine spawning frequency and fecundity under natural conditions, using the techniques of qualitative histological staging, condition index calculation and quantitative stereology. Spawning took place twice a year, in late May and in July/September. There was an extended winter resting period. Gonad development and oocyte production were positively correlated with female body size. The annual fecundity in a 40 mm clam was about 5x105. Stereological techniques provided accurate information on oocyte dynamics within a gonad and the relationship with atretic processes. Each oocyte generation from the onset of the cycle to the winter resting stage was spawned eventually if conditions were suitable, or the oocytes were resorbed. Atresia of oocytes was seen throughout the reproductive period, but especially after the spring spawning and at the end of the summer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397766
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes in biochemical composition of the bivalve Chlamys septemradiata from the Clyde Sea Area (1974)
    Springer
    Marine biology 25 (1974), S. 85-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal changes in the tissue weight and biochemical composition of the pectinid bivalve Chlamys septemradiata (Müller) from a station in the Cumbrae Deep, Clyde Sea Area (UK), were studied during 1969–1971. Separate analyses were made of three divisions of the tissues: the adductor muscle, the gonad, and the remaining tissues referred to as “mantle”. The composition of each of these divisions, and of the total tissues of an animal of standard size was calculated for each sampling date to give information on seasonal changes independent of shell growth. Increase in gonad weight took place mainly between March and May, although there was a slow increase during the winter months (November-March). Spawning in July and August resulted in a fall in gonad weight to very low levels in September and October. The female gonad contained a greater proportion of lipid than the male, and the male a greater proportion of nitrogen than the female, although the total calorific content was similar in both sexes. The adductor muscle showed a clear seasonal cycle of tissue weight and composition, and it was demonstrated that the adductor muscle tissues are a site for storage of reserves. The weight of the adductor muscle was maximal in October-November, and declined through the winter to reach minimum values in March. There was a steady increase during the summer. Lipid, carbohydrate and protein all contributed to the decrease in winter, in part contributing to gonad differentiation but mainly meeting the bivalve's metabolic maintenance requirements. The remaining tissues displayed some irregular fluctuations, but in general the changes showed an upward trend in weight until November followed by a general downward trend to March. The changes are compared with those for other bivalves from the same area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389258
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spiny lobster Palinurus elephas in Scottish waters (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 43 (1977), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Observations have been made on the biology of spiny lobsters, Palinurus elephas Fabr., caught by divers on the west coast of Scotland from 1972 to 1975. P. elephas in this Scottish population show the same length/carapace length relationship as spiny lobsters taken from the west of Ireland. It occurs inshore during the period April to October on shallow rocky reefs in depths of 5 to 20 m. In females, a pre-mating moult occurs in the inshore areas in late summer. Soon after, mating takes place and the spermatophores are deposited on the sternum of the female. The eggs, which are shed within 1 week to 10 days, are then carried by the female throughout the winter, and hatch in the following spring. Offshore migration takes place in the autumn, after mating and egg laying, and inshore migration takes place in the spring and summer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392572
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upper temperature tolerances of some European molluscs II. Donax vittatus, D. semistriatus and D. trunculus (1980)
    Springer
    Marine biology 58 (1980), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The upper temperature tolerances of 3 European species of Donax [D. vittatus (da Costa), D. semistriatus Poli, D. trunculus L.] are compared by means of median lethal temperatures (LT50) and median burial temperature (BT50) determinations for periods of exposure up to 96 h. The influence of previous acclimation temperatures on these determinations is also considered. D. trunculus shows the greatest thermal tolerance, reflecting its distribution in shallower water; D. vittatus and D. semistriatus display much closer thermal tolerances, although D. semistriatus which has a more southerly geographical distribution has a slightly higher thermal tolerance. All 3 species exhibit a significant effect of previous acclimation temperature, the effect on the burrowing responses being greater than that on LT50.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386878
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the biology of Donax trunculus and D. vittatus at Ile d'Oléron (French Atlantic coast) (1980)
    Springer
    Marine biology 57 (1980), S. 287-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Observations have been made on the biology of two species of the bivalve genus Donax, on two beaches, Vertbois and St. Trojan, on the Ile d'Oléron, French Atlantic coast. The two species displayed different vertical distribution: D. trunculus Linné in the intertidal; and D. vittatus (da Costa) between low-water spring tide (LWST) and 5 to 6m depth, with only the fringe of the population extending to the shore. D. trunculus also showed differential distribution by size or age, the youngest individuals being highest on the shore, and the oldest near LWST. The two species exhibited a similar pattern of seasonal recruitment and growth, but in both there were differences in growth characteristics between the two beaches, individuals at St. Trojan growing to a larger size than those at Vertbois. The mean pattern of mortality in the two areas was similar, and productivity per 100 recruits surviving to the first winter following settlement was greater at St. Trojan than at Vertbois. For D. trunculus the mean population density at Vertbois was higher and the production per unit area on the two beaches was similar. Production to biomass (B) and elimination to biomass (B) ratios were similar for the two beaches for both species, and while production was greater for D. trunculus at both beaches, the B and B ratios were higher for D. vittatus. Comparisons with other published data reveal that the rate of growth of D. trunculus is similar throughout its range from Brittany to the Mediterranean Sea, while that of D. vittatus shows more variation. In both species, there is a trend of increasing P/B and E/B ratios from north to south throughout the geographical range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387572
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