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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory effect of D-galactosamine administration on fatty acid oxidation in rat hepatocytes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 145 (1982), S. 267-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: D-Galactosamine ; Fatty acid oxidation ; Fatty liver ; Hepatocytes ; Mitochondria ; Palmitoyl L-carnitine
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(82)80180-4
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Difficulties in modeling dispersed-flow film boiling (1992)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 27 (1992), S. 37-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nebelkühlung (DFFB) ist gekennzeichnet durch eine signifikante Abweichung vom thermischen Gleichgewicht und von der homogenen Strömung, wodurch eine Modellierung mit Zweifluidmodell ermöglicht wird. Die grundsätzlichen Beschränkungen und Schwierigkeiten, die sich aus der eindimensionalen Charakteristik dieser Modelle ergeben, werden eingehend diskutiert. Die Gültigkeit der Annahmen und die empirischen Gesetze, die für die Erhaltungsgleichungen verwendet werden, werden unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Multidimensionalität des Problems kritisch besprochen. Änderungen der Modelle die die physikalische Repräsentation verbessern könnten, werden aufgezeigt.
    Notes: Abstract Dispersed Flow Film Boiling (DFFB) is characterized by important departures from thermal and velocity equilibrium that make it suitable for modeling with two-fluid models. The fundamental limitations and difficulties imposed by the one-dimensional nature of these models are extensively discussed. The validity of the assumptions and empirical laws used to close the system of conservation equations is critically reviewed, in light of the multidimensional aspects of the problem. Modifications that could improve the physics of the models are identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01589976
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  • 3
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    Aluminum speeds up the hydrothermal alteration of olivine (2013)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-02
    Description: The reactivity of ultramafic rocks under hydrothermal conditions controls chemical fluxes at the interface between the internal and external reservoirs of silicate planets. On Earth, hydration of ultramafic rocks is ubiquitous and operates from deep subduction zones to shallow lithospheric environments where it considerably affects the physical and chemical properties of rocks and can interact with the biosphere. This process also has key emerging societal implications, such as the production of hydrogen as a source of carbon-free energy. To date, the chemical model systems used to reproduce olivine hydrothermal alteration lead to the formation of serpentine with sluggish reaction rates. Here, we use in situ diamond-anvil cell experiments and show that the presence of aluminum in hydrothermal fluids increases the rate of olivine serpentinization by one to two orders of magnitude. Aluminum increases the solubility of olivine and enhances the precipitation of aluminous serpentine. After two days, olivine crystals were fully transformed to aluminous serpentine under conditions typical for natural hydrothermal environments, i.e., 200 and 300 °C, 200 MPa. This result motivates a re-evaluation of the natural rates of olivine serpentinization and of olivine hydrolysis in general in a wide range of settings. This discovery also opens the potential of the serpentinization reaction for industrial scale production of hydrogen at economically feasible timescales and temperature.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 4
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    Experimental Study of Carbon Sequestration Reactions Controlled by the Percolation of CO2-Rich Brine through Peridotites (2009)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-15
    Print ISSN: 0013-936X
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5851
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 5
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    Serpentinization and Fluid Pathways in Tectonically Exhumed Peridotites from the Southwest Indian Ridge (62-65{degrees}E) (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-20
    Description: Peridotites exhumed in the footwall of axial detachment faults at slow-spreading ridges are highly serpentinized. Most mid-ocean ridge detachment settings are magmatically active and hydrous fluid circulation in and near the fault has been shown to be influenced by the presence of melt or magmatic lithologies. Our working area along the Southwest Indian Ridge (62–65°E) is nearly amagmatic and represents an end-member to study the hydrous alteration of exhumed peridotites without these magmatic influences. We use an integrated petrological approach combining microstructural, mineralogical and chemical observations to unravel the sequence of serpentinization in 272 dredged samples of variably serpentinized peridotites and to document the circulation of serpentinizing fluids in and near the exhumation faults. We find that serpentine recrystallization and veins overprint the initial serpentinite mesh texture in ~25% of the samples. Oxygen isotope data suggest that this sequence developed at relatively high temperatures (271–336°C) and under increasing fluid–rock ratios, from near stoichiometry for mesh texture formation to 〉10 during recrystallization. Increasing fluid supersaturation relative to serpentine favors the replacement of mesh texture lizardite by chrysotile and polygonal or polyhedral serpentine. We attribute local recrystallization into antigorite to moderate Si-metasomatism, possibly following pyroxene serpentinization. We do not observe the more pronounced Si-metasomatism leading to talc replacing serpentine that is reported for the more magmatically active Mid-Atlantic Ridge detachment settings and is attributed to prior leaching of magmatic rocks. Scales of preferential fluid pathways in our samples evolved from pervasive and close-spaced (〈500 µm) microfractures during the formation of the initial serpentine mesh texture, to centimeter-thick planar domains of enhanced fluid flux, spaced at ~10 cm intervals and probably grouped in corridors that may be up to ~100 m across. Serpentine minerals are enriched in some fluid-mobile elements (Cl, B, U) relative to the peridotite protolith, and several elements (Al, Fe, Si, Cu, As, Sb, REE) are redistributed at the millimeter to decimeter scale. Serpentinizing fluids were seawater-derived, probably mildly alkaline (small to no europium anomalies), reducing and H 2 -enriched (formation of magnetite). These fluids may have been similar to, though warmer than, those venting at the ultramafic-hosted Lost City hydrothermal fluid (30°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge).
    Print ISSN: 0022-3530
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2415
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Carbonate mineralization in percolated olivine aggregates: Linking effects of crystallographic orientation and fluid flow (2015)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-13
    Description: In situ mineralization of CO 2 in ultramafic rock-hosted aquifers is one of the promising solutions for decreasing CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Naturally altered ultramafic rocks suggest that carbonation processes are controlled by local heterogeneities in the structure of the rock and fluid transport at the water-rock interfaces. We studied the role of rock crystallographic anisotropy relative to the global fluid flow direction on the mineralization of CO 2 by means of electron microscope analyses from the macro- to the micrometer scale (EBSD-FIB). The sample used for the measurements was a hot pressed olivine core percolated by water enriched in CO 2 (pCO 2 = 10 MPa) at 180 °C. During the percolation experiment, olivine was dissolved and two types of carbonates, dolomite, and magnesite, were precipitated on olivine surfaces. The results showed that the dissolution of olivine is controlled by its crystallographic properties as shown by the development of etch-pits only on the (010) ol planes and with elongated shapes parallel to the [010] ol axes. In contrast, the precipitation of carbonates is governed by hydrodynamic properties. Carbonates are heterogeneously distributed in the percolated rock. They are mainly located along the moderate (for dolomite) and the minor (for magnesite) flow paths, both oriented parallel to the principal fluid flow direction, which allow carbonates to be supplied with divalent cations (e.g., Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Fe 2+ ). In these flow paths, carbonate growth is systematically oriented normal to the flow that facilitates the development of chemical gradients with cationic supersaturation conditions for carbonate precipitation near the walls. In natural systems, the (010) ol planes are parallel to the Moho and the (100) ol planes are vertical; our study suggests that flow of CO 2 -rich fluids will induce precipitation of carbonates localized along, and preferentially clogging, vertical flow paths while favoring olivine dissolution along horizontal fluid pathways. This dual control of structure and fluid flow on carbonation mechanisms could be an important parameter allowing sustainable CO 2 storage in peridotites, while limiting the risks of leakage toward the surface.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 7
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    Experimental Perspectives of Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation due to Carbon Dioxide-Water-Rock Interactions (2013)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-08
    Print ISSN: 1529-6466
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2666
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 8
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    Difficulties in modeling dispersed-flow film boiling (1992)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0042-9929
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1181
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Marrow transplantation for patients with thalassemia: results in class 3 patients (1996)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-03-01
    Description: Thalassemia patients can be categorized as class 1 (minimal liver damage and iron overload), class 3 (extensive liver damage from iron overload), and class 2 (intermediate). These categories are prognostic for treatment outcome after marrow transplantation. Class 3 patients have more transplant-related mortality than other patients. This study examines transplantation outcome for class 3 patients. Records were reviewed of 215 patients in class 3 who received transplants in Pesaro from HLA-identical related donors between May 1, 1984 and May 1, 1994. The influence of pretransplant, peritransplant, and posttransplant variables on survival, relapse, and transplant-related mortality was examined by product-limit and proportional-hazards multivariate analysis. Age and conditioning regimen were influential on survival, and regimens with less than 200 mg/kg cyclosporine (CY) were associated with 5-year survival probabilities of .74 and .63 patients younger than 17 years and older patients, respectively. Transfusion history and regimen were influential on rejection with 5 year probabilities of .53 and .24 in patients who received less than or greater than 100 red blood cell transfusions before transplantation and regimens containing less than 200 mg/kg CY. Results of transplantation for patients with advanced thalassemia treatment have improved with the introduction of conditioning regimens with less CY. This has been associated with an increase in rejection (particularly in patients who have received 〈 100 red blood cell transfusions before transplant). Efforts at reducing the rejection rate by modifying the conditioning regimen should be concentrated on younger patients who have received a small number of transfusions. Patients with thalassemia who have HLA-identical family members should be transplanted before they are in class 3.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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  • 10
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    Persistence of mixed chimerism in patients transplanted for the treatment of thalassemia (1996)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-04-15
    Description: Molecular genetic techniques permit sensitive assessment of host hematopoiesis after marrow transplantation for thalassemia. Information on this persistence and the cell lines in which it occurs may permit therapeutic intervention in patients at high risk for rejection and/or relapse. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine the evolution and cell line distribution of persistent mixed chimerism detected in 55 patients treated for beta thalassemia. Our findings indicated that rejection occurred in 20 patients, the host component disappeared in 20, and mixed chimerism without transfusion need persisted for 1 to 7 years in 15. In three patients with stable mixed chimerism for 4, 5, and 7 years, host hematopoiesis fluctuated between 25% and 75%. Despite this, donor pattern beta-globin chain synthesis maintained hemoglobin levels between 10 and 13.5 g/dL without transfusion. In these three patients, the polymerase chain reaction of the VNTR and the fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis revealed the coexistence of donor and host cells in the different peripheral blood cell subpopulations and precursors studied (CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ granulocytes; glycophorin-A+, erythroid burst-forming units, CD33+, granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units). We found that rejection and disease recurrence occur in approximately one third of patients with early mixed chimerism. High levels of host type hematopoiesis can be present in patients not requiring transfusion.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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