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  • 1
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    The Genesis Solar Wind Concentrator Target: Mass Fractionation Characterised by Neon Isotopes (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-15
    Print ISSN: 0038-6308
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9672
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    The lunar community church: Contributions to lunar living and to evolution of ethical and spiritual thinking (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Should religious institutions get interested in lunar settlement? Would their participation make positive contributions or would it discourage creative diversity and interfere with science and good technical judgement? Among the spacefaring nations of today, religion is distinctly separated from the governments that plan and pay for space exploration. However, as we move off the Earth, our art and philosophy will follow our science and technology. Spiritual thinking will follow as part of our culture. It is time to consider in what ways this can occur constructively. Transport of religious values to a lunar base may have positive effects in two ways. First, the social structure of a 'community church' as found in today's United States, supports its members psychologically. Mutual psychological and social support will be needed in a lunar community. Second, our space pioneers will experience a unique view of the universe which may, in their philosophical discussions, forge new ideas in the spiritual realm.
    Keywords: BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
    Type: The Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century, Volume 2; p 703-705
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Antarctic weathering of the CK chondrites EET90004, 90007, and 90022: Nickel and sulfur mobility (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: CK chondrites are a relatively new class of carbonaceous chondrite that have been described in the literature. Most meteorites that comprise the CK group are restricted to Antarctic finds; therefore terrestrial weathering processes can influence the geochemical records contained within these chondrites. The paired CK chondrites EET90004, 90007, and 90022 share not only a common heritage but similar weathering histories since all three meteorites were found on Antarctic ice covered with thick evaporative coatings. Additional material has grown on these samples during curation at the Antarctic Meteorite Lab at JSC, NASA. At present, efflorescence up to a millimeter thick coats the surface of EET90004 and 90022, with less material coating EET90007. The chemistry, mineralogy, and isotopic composition of efflorescence on EET90004 and 90022, described here, provide valuable information regarding the fate of meteoritic components in the Antarctic environment.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., The Twenty-Fifth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: P-Z; p 1155-1156
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Thermal Analyzer for Planetary Soil (TAPS): an in Situ Instrument for Mineral and Volatile-element Measurements (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: Thermal Analyzer for Planetary Soil (TAPS) offers a specific implementation for the generic thermal analyzer/evolved-gas analyzer (TA/EGA) function included in the Mars Environmental Survey (MESUR) strawman payload; applications to asteroids and comets are also possible. The baseline TAPS is a single-sample differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), backed by a capacitive-polymer humidity sensor, with an integrated sampling mechanism. After placement on a planetary surface, TAPS acquires 10-50 mg of soil or sediment and heats the sample from ambient temperature to 1000-1300 K. During heating, DSC data are taken for the solid and evolved gases are swept past the water sensor. Through ground based data analysis, multicomponent DSC data are deconvolved and correlated with the water release profile to quantitatively determine the types and relative proportions of volatile-bearing minerals such as clays and other hydrates, carbonates, and nitrates. The rapid-response humidity sensors also achieve quantitative analysis of total water. After conclusion of soil-analysis operations, the humidity sensors become available for meteorology. The baseline design fits within a circular-cylindrical volume less than 1000 cm(sup 3), occupies 1.2 kg mass, and consumes about 2 Whr of power per analysis. Enhanced designs would acquire and analyze multiple samples and employ additional microchemical sensors for analysis of CO2, SO2, NO(x), and other gaseous species. Atmospheric pumps are also being considered as alternatives to pressurized purge gas.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Workshop on Advanced Technologies for Planetary Instruments, Part 1; p 9
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    How successful were the lunar sampling tools: Implications for sampling Mars (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Like the Mars Sample Return endeavor, the Apollo lunar-sample program began with definition of strategy for sample collection and of scientific requirements for sampling hardware design. Several lessons can be illustrated by specific tools. The evolution of drive tubes from narrow 2 cm diameter, thick-walled tubes (used on Apollo 11, 12 and 14) to 4 cm diameter, thin-walled tubes used on Apollo 15, 16, and 17) as an example of the improvements made possible during multiple missions. The original Apollo 11 drive tube was designed to work in fluffy soil; thus, only 50 percent of the relatively dense lunar soil was recovered, and the core was distorted. The final configuration resulted in nearly 100 pct recovery with little distortion. The surface samplers (Contact Soil Sampling Devices) were designed to collect the upper 100 micrometer or the upper 1 mm of soil. It was over 2 years after the mission before these particularly specific samplers were opened because interest in them waned. Both core tubes and surface samplers were difficult to open in the laboratory. The Apollo Lunar Sample Return Containers (ALSRCs) were constructed with one indium and 2 Viton seals. They were closed on the lunar surface. Interior container pressures measured upon return to the laboratory indicate that these seals were not reliable in the lunar environment. Also, choice of indium as a sealing material interfered with siderophile analyses of samples.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Workshop on Mars Sample Return Science; p 30-31
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Guide to using lunar soil and simulants for experimentation (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is pointed out that lunar soil can be described as well-graded silty sands or sandy silts with an average particle size by weight in the range from 0.040 to 0.130 mm. The density of in situ bulk lunar soil is typically 1.4 to 1.9 g/cu cm. Changes in soil from moon to laboratory are considered along with some critical differences between simulants and lunar soil. Attention is given to agglutinates, iron metal distributed throughout the agglutinatic glass, solar wind hydrogen, and major lunar minerals (anorthite, pyroxene, ilmenite, olivine). The use of lunar fines as experimental samples is discussed, and the characteristics of simulants for experiments are examined, taking into account grain size distribution, particle type distribution, a highlands simulant, and a high titanium mare simulant. Simulants for testing equipment and structures are also described.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Size Distribution of Genesis Solar Wind Array Collector Fragments Recovered (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Genesis launched in 2001 with 271 whole and 30 half hexagonally-shaped collectors mounted on 5 arrays, comprised of 9 materials described in [1]. The array collectors were damaged during re-entry impact in Utah in 2004 [2], breaking into many smaller pieces and dust. A compilation of the number and approximate size of the fragments recovered was compiled from notes made during the field packaging performed in the Class 10,000 cleanroom at Utah Test and Training Range [3].
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 1; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-1
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Status of Genesis Mo-Pt Foils (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: A total of 8,000 sq cm of Mo-coated Pt foils were exposed to solar wind for 884 days by the Genesis mission. Solar wind ions were captured in the surface of the Mo. Our objective is the measurement of long-lived radionuclides, such as Be-10, Al-26, Cl-36, and Mn-53, and short-lived radionuclides, such as Na-22 and Mn-54, in the captured sample of solar wind. The expected flux of these nuclides in the solar wind is 100 atom/sq cm yr or less. The hard landing of the SRC (Sample Return Capsule) at UTTR (Utah Test and Training Range) has resulted in contaminated and crumpled foils. Here we present a status report and revised plan for processing the foils.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 14; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-14
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Genesis: Removing Contamination from Sample Collectors (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: The Genesis mission returned to Earth on September 8, 2004, experiencing a non-nominal reentry. The parachutes which were supposed to slow and stabilize the capsule throughout the return failed to deploy, causing the capsule to impact the desert floor at a speed of nearly 200 MPH. Both the science canister and the major components of the SRC were returned before nightfall on September 8 to the prestaged cleanroom at UTTR , avoiding prolonged exposure or pending weather changes which might further contaminate the samples. The majority of the contaminants introduced as a result of the anomalous landing were in the form of particulates, including UTTR dust and soil, carbon-carbon heat shield material, and shattered collector dust (primarily silicon and germanium). Additional information is included in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Space Sciences (General)
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 12; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-12
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Initial Subdivision of Genesis Early Science Polished Aluminum Collector (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: A large surface, about 245 square centimeters, of highly polished aluminum 6061 T6 alloy was attached to the science canister thermal panel for the purpose of collecting solar wind noble gases. The analysis of this collector will be part of the Genesis Early Science results. The pre-launch configuration of the collector is shown. The collector sustained some damage during the recovery impact in Utah, September 8, 2004.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 1; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-1
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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