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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wetting under chemical equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions (1974)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 78 (1974), S. 1178-1183 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100605a009
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The stability of binary charged colloidal crystals (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 4506-4512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The stability of a binary disordered substitutional colloidal crystal has been examined against the formation of a colloidal liquid. Phase diagrams are constructed by comparing the free energy of the liquid phase to that of the solid phases. The calculations show that the freezing density has a maximum as a function of the number fraction. The maximum in the freezing density becomes more pronounced when the particle diameter ratio differs more from unity. If the particles have very different diameters, the binary colloidal crystals are unstable against the colloidal fluid. The freezing density rises almost vertically when the number fraction differs from 0 or 1 by less than 6%. The pronounced stability of the liquid phase for particles with more different sizes may explain the formation of colloidal glasses as opposed to the formation of disordered substitutional colloidal crystals with particles of more similar diameters. The Hume–Rothery rule for a binary metallic alloy also applies to a binary charged colloid if the diameter ratio is taken from the diameters of the effective hard spheres which are determined by the interparticle interactions but not those of the bare particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456637
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastic and Yield Behavior of Strongly Flocculated Colloids (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We have investigated theorectically the elastic and yield behaviors of strongly flocculated colloids by first examining the yield forces between two particles within the framework of Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeck (DLVO) interactions. Under highly attractive conditions, i.e., in the absence of the secondary minimum in the DLVO potential, the radial (tensile) motion between particles is nonelastic because of the lack of an inflection point in the DLVO potential. However, the lateral (shear) motion is shown to be elastic up to a distance ymax, providing a mechanism for the observed elasticity in colloidal gels. If r0 and s0 are, respectively, the closest center-to-center and surface-to-surface distances between two particles, 〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu1" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00027820:JACE616:JACE_616_mu1"/〉 where zeta is the zeta potential of the particles and alpha a defined constant. Moreover, the yield force between two particles is much smaller in the lateral direction than in the radial direction. These results suggest that yielding of a particulate network is likely to occur through the lateral movements between particles. The yield strain can be approximated as that at which all the bonds in a certain direction have a perpendicular displacement 〉ymax, resulting in 〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu2" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00027820:JACE616:JACE_616_mu2"/〉 The shear modulus of the network, G′, can be deduced by combining the elastic constant of the lateral movement with the existing elastic theory of a particulate network. The yield stress can be approximated as sigma 〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu3" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00027820:JACE616:JACE_616_mu3"/〉 where A is the Hamaker constant and R the particle radius. These predictions are shown to compare favorably with existing experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01809.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing of Monolithic Magnetic Gels for Magnetophoresis (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 10 (1994), S. 3377-3379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00022a002
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semidilute athermal polymer solutions near a hard wall (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 23 (1990), S. 3291-3296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00215a015
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SELF-ASSEMBLED CERAMICS PRODUCED BY COMPLEX-FLUID TEMPLATION (2000)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 51 (2000), S. 601-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-426X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This review examines the use of self-assembly in the fabrication of ceramic mesostructures, emphasizing the use of amphiphilic surfactants and block copolymers. The association between this area of research and biomimetics is discussed, linking developments in synthetic self-assembly with biomineralization. The fabrication of hierarchical structures through the use of simultaneous processing is shown to be a necessary condition for applications of this new technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.51.1.601
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase diagrams of charged colloidal particles (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 5127-5132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have calculated the phase diagrams of charged colloidal particles in the parameter space. The free energies of different phases, which were used to determine the phase boundaries, were calculated variationally. The Einstein oscillators and the hard sphere fluid were used as the reference systems for the solid phases and the liquid, respectively. The interparticle interactions were approximated to be the Debye–Hückel screened Coulomb potential with size correction. We show that the solid phases are stable at low salt concentrations: bcc is preferred only at high charges and at low densities while fcc is dominant at higher densities. The solid phases melt upon the addition of salt: bcc may or may not transform to fcc before melting, depending on the particle number densities. No reentrant transition is found upon the addition of salt. When the particles are extremely highly charged, the system may undergo fcc–bcc–fcc transitions at nonzero salt concentration when the particle number density is increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.452631
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a Transverse Tensile Stress on the Electric-Field-Induced Domain Reorientation in Soft PZT: In Situ XRD Study (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of a transverse tensile stress on the electric-field-induced 90°-domain reorientation in tetragonal lead zirconate titanate (PZT) near the morphotropic phase boundary was investigated in situ using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD intensity ratio, I(002)/I(200), which represents the ratio of the volume of the c-domains to that of the a-domains on the PZT surface, was examined as a function of the electric field at various stress levels. It was found that a transverse tensile stress changes the electric-field dependence of I(002)/I(200), especially at higher electric fields. Without a transverse tensile stress, I(002)/I(200) began to saturate at E≈ 800 kV/m. With a transverse tensile stress of 75 MPa, I(002)/I(200) increased with an upward curvature with the electric field, indicating that the transverse tensile stress enhanced the field-induced 90°-domain reorientation, and increased the effective piezoelectric coefficients at larger electric fields. At E= 900 kV/m, the estimated d31,domain changed from −200 × 10−12 V/m at zero stress, to −350 × 10−12 V/m at 75 MPa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00182.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electromechanical Properties of a Ceramic d31-Gradient Flextensional Actuator (2001)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We examined the static axial displacement of a ceramic d31-gradient flextensional transducer both experimentally and theoretically. Two lead zirconate titanate systems, (PZT)/PZT and PZT/ZnO, were studied. The PZT/PZT transducers consisted of two PZT layers of different d31 coefficients. The PZT/ZnO transducers consisted of a PZT and a ZnO layer. The PZT/PZT transducers were of an inner-type dome structure. The PZT/ZnO transducers were either flat, or had an inner- or outer-type dome structure by varying the thickness ratio between the two layers or the Sb2O3 content in the ZnO layer. An inner (outer)-type transducer has the large-d31 layer on the inside (outside) of the dome structure. For the PZT/PZT transducers, the axial displacement varied with the thickness ratio and reached a maximum when the two layers had similar thickness, in agreement with the calculations. With a conductive nonpiezoelectric layer, the PZT/ZnO transducers had higher axial displacements, which varied with the thickness ratio and the Sb2O3 content, than the PZT/PZT transducers. With 6 wt% Sb2O3, the transducers were flat and the measured displacements at various thickness ratios were similar to the calculated values. With 4 wt% Sb2O3, the transducers were of an outer type. The measured axial displacements were about twice the calculated values, suggesting an enhanced d31 value because of the tensile bending stress in the PZT layer. The scaled axial displacements of the PZT/ZnO transducers with 4 wt% Sb2O3 were comparable to that of the Rainbow transducers. With 8 wt% Sb2O3, the displacements of transducers with thin PZT layers (≤0.3 mm) were lower than the calculated values because of increased conductivity in the PZT layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00781.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electromechanical Behavior of PZT-Brass Unimorphs (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We have examined the static and dynamic electromechanical responses of PZT-brass (piezoelectric-nonpiezoelectric) plate unimorphs of various brass/PZT thickness ratios. The study was performed both experimentally and theoretically. The static measurements showed that, given a PZT layer thickness, there exists a brass/PZT thickness ratio that gives the unimorph the highest static displacement under an applied field. The effects of geometric shape and external loading on the displacement of the unimorphs were also examined. The dynamic measurements showed that, given a PZT layer thickness, the bending-mode resonance frequencies increase with an increasing brass/PZT thickness ratio. These results were in good agreement with the theoretical predictions that were obtained with the plate geometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01993.x
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