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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction of PbTiO3 thin film (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 1920-1925 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A PbTiO3 thin film prepared on silicon substrate by sol-gel technique has been studied by micro-Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The spectra, in comparison to the single crystal work, show high background in the low frequency region and Raman lines are broader, thus revealing the polycrystalline nature of the film. The frequencies of the Raman bands in the film are clearly shifted to lower frequencies compared to the corresponding ones in the single crystal or powder forms. This phenomenon is similar to the hydrostatic pressure effect on the Raman lines of PbTiO3 single crystal. The film, therefore, has grains under stress. This stress is caused by nonequilibrium defects and diffusion at the interface. Measurements at different film positions showed variations in the frequency and width of the Raman bands which are associated with the stress and grain size inhomogeneities. The measured shift in the Raman frequencies suggests grain sizes ≤1 μm. XRD indicates grain size of around 22 nm and an average stress around 1.3 GPa, which was determined using the measured shift for the c-lattice constant. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360229
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue resistance in lead zirconate titanate thin ferroelectric films: Effect of cerium doping and frequency dependence (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 138-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate improvement in fatigue resistance and other ferroelectric properties through cerium doping in sol–gel derived lead zirconate titanate thin films. We have studied frequency dependence of fatigue behavior and show that the loss of polarization due to fatigue follows a universal scaling behavior with N/f2, where N is the number of switching cycles and f the frequency. The origin of the scaling is attributed to the drift of oxygen vacancies, which is the rate limiting process in the growth of the interface layer responsible for fatigue. Empirical fits for both undoped and cerium-doped samples show that switchable polarization follows stretched exponential decay with time or N/f. Cerium doping is shown to improve fatigue resistance by impeding the motion of oxygen vacancies. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119287
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of glass-metal nanocomposites prepared by the sol-gel route and hot pressing (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 4746-4749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Glass-metal nanocomposite powders in the systems Fe/SiO2 and Ni/SiO2 have been prepared by the sol-gel technique followed by reduction treatment. Bulk nanocomposites are then fabricated by hot pressing these powders. The metal particle diameters range from 8.9 to 14.8 nm. The materials show enhanced coercivities, e.g., a maximum of 82 Oe in the case of Ni/SiO2 and a maximum of 474 Oe in the case of Fe/SiO2 systems. The Mössbauer spectra of Fe/SiO2 samples are comprised of a ferromagnetic component superposed on a superparamagnetic doublet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354344
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite-time Carnot refrigerators with wall gain and product loads (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 2153-2158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Finite-time thermodynamics is used to investigate theoretically the wall gain and product loads on a refrigerator based on an endoreversible Carnot cycle. Explicit formulas are obtained for the operating time, coefficient of performance, and the cooling rate and the procedure is illustrated numerically for typical refrigerators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354748
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth responses of Vigna radiata seeds to laser irradiation in the UV-A region (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 63 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have investigated the effect of pulsed nitrogen laser radiation (337.1 nm) on morphological characteristics and biochemical contents in seedlings from treated greengram (Vigna radiata L.) seeds, which were germinated and grown in Petri dishes for a week. The shoot and root lengths, and fresh and dry weights of the seedlings were maximum with the 30 min exposure, while protein was maximum with 20 min, RNA and DNA contents with 5 min exposure time. Chlorophyll content was not affected by the irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1985.tb02831.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro induction of multiple shoots and plant regeneration in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 16 (1997), S. 647-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Cotton ; Gossypium hirsutum L. ; Micropropagation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Induction of multiple shoots in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Anjali-LRK 516) has been achieved with cotyledonary nodes devoid of cotyledons and apical meristems. Explants from 35-day-old seedlings yielded the maximum number of shoots (4.7 shoots/explant) using Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine and kinetin (2.5 mg/1 each). Explants from 35-day-old seedlings raised in glass bottles produced a higher number of multiple shoots (8.3 shoots/explant) than those grown in glass tubes and cultured on the same shoot induction medium. Elongation of multiple shoots was obtained on liquid or agar MS basal medium without phytohormones. In vitro shoots were rooted on half-strength agar-solidified MS basal medium or with 0.05 or 0.1 mg/1 naphthaleneacetic acid. Hardening and survival of tissue culture plantlets was 95% under greenhouse conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01275508
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro induction of multiple shoots and plant regeneration in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 16 (1997), S. 647-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Cotton ; Gossypium hirsutum L. ; Micropropagation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Induction of multiple shoots in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Anjali-LRK 516) has been achieved with cotyledonary nodes devoid of cotyledons and apical meristems. Explants from 35-day-old seedlings yielded the maximum number of shoots (4.7 shoots/explant) using Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine and kinetin (2.5 mg/l each). Explants from 35-day-old seedlings raised in glass bottles produced a higher number of multiple shoots (8.3 shoots/ explant) than those grown in glass tubes and cultured on the same shoot induction medium. Elongation of multiple shoots was obtained on liquid or agar MS basal medium without phytohormones. In vitro shoots were rooted on half-strength agar-solidified MS basal medium or with 0.05 or 0.1 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid. Hardening and survival of tissue culture plantlets was 95% under greenhouse conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050295
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of process parameters on the dimensions of ribbons melt spun using slotted nozzles (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1986), S. 10-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01671418
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and electrical studies of CeO2 modified lead zirconate titanate ceramics (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1999), S. 649-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The present study is an investigation of the structural and electrical properties of solid solution processed lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics modified by CeO2. The PZT composition studied is Pb(Zr0.535Ti0.465)O3 modified with 0.0–0.2 mol % CeO2. Studies of the loss of lead oxide during sintering have been performed. The lead loss increases with increasing Ce in the sample up to 0.1 mol % Ce and becomes nearly constant on further addition of Ce. The lattice parameters and cell volume of the tetragonal phase of PZT also increase with addition of Ce up to 0.1 mol % Ce. The lead loss and X-ray data indicate that Ce is being reduced to Ce3+ and is going onto the A-site of the PZT perovskite system. The study concludes that controlled modification of the MPB composition of PZT using 0.1 mol % CeO2 results in substantial enhancement of piezoelectric strain coefficients, dielectric constant and electromechanical coupling coefficients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008964402829
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sol-Gel derived TiO2−SiO2 fibres (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 9 (1997), S. 85-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: fibres ; TiO2 ; SiO2 ; strength
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract TiO2−SiO2 fibres with 0, 5, 10 and 20 volume % SiO2 have been prepared by drawing from a gel followed by sintering at different temperatures. Nearly one meter long fibres can be drawn easily in conditions of about 50% relative humidity. Addition of SiO2 inhibits the crystallisation of TiO2 and also the anatase → rutile transformation and improves the strength of the fibres. While the pure TiO2 fibres are brittle, those with 5, 10 and 20 volume % SiO2 are flexible and strong. Tensile strength values as high as 3 GPa have been achieved in the 10 volume % SiO2−TiO2 fibres. Fibres heated above 900°C are brittle. The shape of the cross section of the fibres is found to depend on their diameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02439339
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