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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combination of dendrograms with plots of latent variables - Application to G-protein coupled receptor sequences
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 16 (1992), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0169-7439
    Keywords: 16: 145-154. ; 1992. Combination of dendrograms with plots of latent variables. ; D. ; H. and Adriaensen ; Lewi ; Moereels ; P.J.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0169-7439(92)80053-7
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical survey of the neuropeithelial endocrine system in the respiratory tract of the Tokyo salamander, Hynobius neubulosus tokyoensis Tago (1994)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 102 (1994), S. 425-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The epithelial lining of the respiratory tract of urodeles has been shown to harbor an innervated system of neuroepithelial endocrine (NEE) cells. Even between phylogenetically closely related species, large differences have been reported in the appearance and chemical coding of the NEE system. Although urodeles are well suited for the purpose, none of the prior studies have provided an immunocytochemical survey of the NEE system in all parts of the respiratory tract. In the present study, many bioactive substances and a general marker were immunocytochemically demonstrated in serial sections of the entire respiratory tract of the Tokyo salamander, Hynobius nebulosus tokyoensis, a species in which neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) were previously characterized at the electron microscopic level. In the current study, serotonin-immunoreactive solitary NEE cells were observed in variable numbers in the larynx, in all parts of the trachea, and in areas of the lungs covered with ciliomucous epithelium. Serotonin-containing NEBs, however, were detected in small cranial areas of the lung only. Solitary NEE cells were seen in the trachea and lungs of H. nebulosus tokyoensis by immunocytochemical staining for somatostatin, calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and bombesin, but the number, localization, and appearance of the labeled NEE cells differed considerably. Only calcitonin-like immunoreactivity was also noted in some NEB-like cell clusters in the cranial parts of the lungs. Unlike many other vertebrates, neuron specific enolase was found to be a poor marker for the NEE system in the salamander species used in this investigation. It may be concluded that the NEE system of H. nebulosus tokyoensis contains at least five different bioactive substances. The different markers, however, demonstrate the presence of NEE cells with obvious differences in respect to appearance and topographical distribution. The necessity is emphasized of reliable methods for adequate sampling of all regions of the respiratory tract in comparative histological studies of the NEE system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269573
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The innervation of the gastrointestinal tract of a chelonian reptile, Pseudemys scripta elegans (1991)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 95 (1991), S. 403-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The myenteric plexus of the stomach, midgut and hindgut of the red-eared turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans, has been investigated for the occurrence of immunoreactivity to nine neuropeptides. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, bombesin (BOM)- as well as substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivity (LI) were found in nerve fibres of all investigated gut regions. From all peptides investigated immunoreactivity for NPY was most pronounced. In the stomach NPY-LI was mainly found in the perikarya, while in the midgut region both NPY-immunoreactive (IR) somata and nerve fibres were revealed. The hindgut harboured few NPY-IR nerve cells and nerve fibres. A few SP-IR nerve cell bodies were observed in the stomach and midgut region. In the hindgut BOM-IR neuronal cell bodies were found. Neuromedin U (NMU)-LI was mainly observed in the stomach region, revealing both immunoreactive perikarya and nerve fibres. Immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin, galanin and enkephalin could not be detected so far. Double labelling experiments revealed the coexistence of CGRP and SP in some nerve fibres in all three gut regions examined. Some SP-IR fibres in the midgut were immunoreactive for NMU.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266969
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcitonin gene-related peptide, enkephalin and serotonin coexist in neuroepithelial bodies of the respiratory tract of the red-eared turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans. an immunocytochemical study (1991)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 95 (1991), S. 567-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lungs of the red-eared turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans, have been investigated by light-microscopical immunocytochemistry for serotonin (5-HT) and the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), enkephalin (ENK), bombesin, somatostatin, calcitonin and cholecystokinin. CGRP- or 5-HT-like immunoreactivity (LI) was demonstrated in neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) and solitary neuroepithelial endocrine cells lying between the ciliated epithelial cells of the intrapulmonary bronchi, and of the primary, secondary and tertiary trabeculae. Furthermore, ENK-LI NEBs were found between the trabecular ciliated epithelial cells. No reaction was observed with antisera against bombesin, somatostatin, calcitonin, and cholecystokinin. Using consecutive sections, CGRP-LI appears to be colocalized with 5-HT-LI in NEB cells. In addition, it was demonstrated that all the ENK-LI NEBs also contain CGRP-LI, whereas only a part of the CGRP-LI NEBs reveal ENK-LI. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of CGRP- and/or ENK-LI in pulmonary NEBs of a lower vertebrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266743
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The innervation of the gastrointestinal tract of a chelonian reptile, Pseudemys scripta elegans (1991)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 95 (1991), S. 397-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The general morphological features of the intramural enteric nervous system of a chelonian species, i.e. the red-eared turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans, has been studied in whole-mounts and cryosections by means of neuron-specific enolase immunohistochemistry. A clear visualization of both neuronal cell bodies and nerve fibres allows the recognition of a myenteric plexus as well as a submucous plexus in several gut regions, namely the stomach, midgut and hindgut. The highest innervation density was found in the midgut portion. In contrast to other lower vertebrates, such as amphibians and other reptilian groups, the present study clearly demonstrates the occurrence of neuronal cell bodies in the submucous plexus of all regions investigated. The neurons stained for neuron-specific enolase harboured smooth-contoured perikarya from which one or more processes emerge, as demonstrated for the mammalian enteric nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266968
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Appearance and some neurochemical features of nitrergic neurons in the developing quail digestive tract (1994)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 101 (1994), S. 365-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using immunocytochemistry, NADPH-diaphorase (NADPHd) histochemistry and electron microscopy, the appearance of nitrergic enteric neurons in different digestive tract regions of the embryonic, neonatal and adult quail was studied in whole mounts and sections. NADPHd was first expressed by embryonic day 4–5 in two distinct locations, namely the mesenchyme of the gizzard primordium and at the caeco-colonic junction. At embryonic day 6, nitrergic neurons had already begun to form a myenteric nerve network in the wall of the proventriculus, gizzard and proximal part of the large intestine and by embryonic day 9, a myenteric network was visualized along the entire digestive tract of the quail. At the level of the stomach, this network was confined to the area covered by the intermediate muscles. By embryonic day 12–13, the NADPHd-positive myenteric neurons in the wall of the distal parts of the blind-ending paired caeca also became organized into ganglia. From this developmental stage on, a submucous nitrergic nerve network, sandwiched between the lamina muscularis mucosae and the luminal side of the outer muscle layer, became prominent in the proventriculus and intestinal walls. In the adult quail, only a minority of the NADPHd-positive neurons stained for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) along the intestine. VIP-immunoreactive (IR) cell bodies were frequent in the myenteric plexus but not in the submucous plexus, whereas there were considerable numbers of NADPHd-positive neurons in both these plexuses. Nitrergic fibres were also observed in the outer muscle layer, but were almost absent from the lamina muscularis mucosa and lamina propria, in contrast to the dense VIP-ergic innervation encircling the bases of the intestinal crypts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268998
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence, distribution and neurochemical features of small intestinal neurons projecting to the cranial mesenteric ganglion in the pig (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enteric nervous system ; Serotonin ; Cranial mesenteric ganglion ; Superior mesenteric ganglion ; Retrograde tracing ; Fast Blue ; Fluorogold ; Small intestine ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The small intestine of the pig has been investigated for its topographical distribution of enteric neurons projecting to the cranial mesenteric ganglion, by using Fast Blue or Fluorogold as a retrogradely transported neuronal tracer. Contrary to the situation in small laboratory animals such as rat and guinea-pig, the intestinofugally projecting neurons in the porcine small intestine were not restricted to the myenteric plexus, but were observed in greater numbers in ganglia of the outer submucous plexus. The inner submucous plexus was devoid of labelled neurons. Retrogradely labelled neurons were mostly found, either singly or in small aggregates, in ganglia located within a narrow border on either side of the mesenteric attachment. For both nerve networks, their number increased from duodenum to ileum. All the retrogradely labelled neurons exhibited a multidendritic uniaxonal appearance. Some of them displayed type-III morphology and stained for serotonin. This study indicates that, in the pig, not only the myenteric plexus but also one submucous nerve network is involved in the afferent component of intestino-sympathico-intestinal reflex pathways. The finding that some of the morphologically defined type-III neurons participate in these reflexes is in accord with the earlier proposal that type-III neurons are supposed to fulfill an interneuronal role, whether intra- or extramurally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323570
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary intraepithelial vagal nodose afferent nerve terminals are confined to neuroepithelial bodies: an anterograde tracing and confocal microscopy study in adult rats (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 293 (1998), S. 395-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Lung ; Neuroendocrine system ; Neuroepithelial bodies ; Innervation ; Neuronal tracing ; DiI ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our present understanding of the morphology of neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) in mammalian lungs is comprehensive. Several hypotheses have been put forward regarding their function but none has been proven conclusively. Microscopic data on the innervation that appears to affect the reaction of NEBs to stimuli have given rise to conflicting interpretations. The aim of this study has been to check the validity of the hypothesis that pulmonary NEBs receive an extensive vagal sensory innervation. The fluorescent neuronal tracer DiI was injected into the vagal sensory nodose ganglion and NEBs were visualized in toto by using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy on 100-µm-thick frozen sections of the lungs of adult rats. The most striking finding was the extensive intraepithelial terminal arborizations of DiI-labelled vagal afferents in intrapulmonary airways, apparently always co-appearing with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive NEBs. Not all NEBs received a traced nerve fibre. Intrapulmonary CGRP-containing nerve fibres, including those innervating NEBs, always appeared to belong to a nerve fibre population different from the DiI-traced fibres and hence did not arise from the nodose ganglion. Therefore, at least some of the pulmonary NEBs in adult rats are supplied with sensory nerve fibres that originate from the vagal nodose ganglion and form beaded ramifications between the NEB cells, thus providing support for the hypothesis of a receptor function for NEBs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051131
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological features of the myenteric plexus of the stomach of the axolotl,Ambystoma mexicanum, revealed by immunocytochemistry (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 24 (1992), S. 181-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The general morphology of the intramural innervation of the myenteric plexus of the axolotl stomach has been investigated using antisera raised against neuron-specific enolase and a microtubule-associated protein. Additionally, the occurrence of serotonin and several peptidergic neurotransmitter/neuromodulator substances was studied. Immunoreactivity for galanin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P and neuromedin U was found in both fibres and intrinsic perikarya, whereas the serotonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide-like-substance-containing nerve fibres seemed to be of extrinsic origin. The axolotl stomach myenteric plexus appeared to be devoid of enkephalin-, neuropeptide Y-, somatostatin-and bombesin-like immunoreactive nerve fibres and nerve cell bodies. Double labelling experiments revealed the presence of a subpopulation of substance P/calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive nerve fibres. Contrary to mammals, no coexistence of neuromedin U and substance P was found. Our findings illustrate that besides a number of similarities, considerable species differences exist between urodeles and anurans with regard to the organization of the enteric nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01046788
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  • 10
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    Cytoskeletal rearrangements and cell extensions induced by the US3 kinase of an alphaherpesvirus are associated with enhanced spread (2005)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-10
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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