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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 299-322 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Rearrangement of Substituted Bicyclo[2.1.0]pent-2-enes. A Thermal “Walk”-RearrangementThe synthesis and the thermal behaviour of methyl 5-methyl-, 1,5-, and 2,5-dimethylbicyclo-[2.1.0]pent-2-ene-5-carboxylates 3a, b, 4a, b, 5a, b, as well as of 1,5- and 2,5-dimethylbicyclo-[2.1.0]pent-2-ene-5-carbonitriles 6a, 7a, b are reported. The “walk”-rearrangement which is degenerate in the cases of 3a, b could be detected experimentally with the aid of the dimethyl derivatives 4a, b, 5a, b, 6a, and 7a, b. Electrocyclic ring opening to the correspondingly substituted 1,3-cyclopentadienes competes with the “walk”-rearrangements. Already at 0°C the “walk”-rearrangements 4a → 5a, 4b → 5b, and 6a → 7a proceed stereospecifically with inversion at the migrating carbon atom C-5 as postulated by Woodward and Hoffmann (0°C: ΔG* = 21.7, 24.8, and 21.9 kcal/mol). We assume that the surprisingly low activation barriers do not only result from the resonance stabilization of an aromatic transition state but largely from the anomalously high ground-state enthalpy of the bicyclopentene system.
    Notes: Synthese und thermisches Verhalten der 5-Methyl-, 1,5-Dimethyl- und 2,5-Dimethylbicyclo-[2.1.0]pent-2-en-5-carbonsäure-methylester 3a, b, 4a, b, 5a, b und -carbonitrile 6a, 7a, b werden beschrieben. Die in den Systemen 3a, b strukturell entartete „walk“-Umlagerung konnte am Beispiel der Dimethylderivate 4a, b, 5a, b, 6a und 7a, b experimentell nachgewiesen werden. Dazu konkurrierend finden elektrocyclische Ringöffnungen zu den entsprechend substituierten 1,3-Cyclopentadienen statt. Die „walk“-Umlagerungen 4a → 5a, 4b → 5b und 6a → 7a erfolgen bereits bei 0°C stereospezifisch mit der von Woodward und Hoffmann postulierten Inversion am wandernden Kohlenstoff C-5 (0°C: ΔG* = 21.7, 24.8 bzw. 21.9 kcal/mol). Vermutlich resultieren die überraschend niedrigen Aktivierungsbarrieren nicht allein aus der Resonanzstabilisierung eines aromatischen Übergangszustandes, sondern wesentlich aus der anomal hohen Grundzustandsenthalpie des Bicyclopentensystems.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Stereochemie und Produktverteilung bei der Cycloaddition von Singulettsauerstoff an 7,7-disubstituierte 1,3,5-CycloheptrarieneDie photosensibilisierte Oxygenierung von 7,7-Dimethyl- (1a), 7-(Methoxycarbonyl)-7-methyl-(1b), 7-Methyl-7-phenyl- (1c) und 7-[4-(Methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-7-methyl-1,3-cycloheptatrien (1d) wurde durchgeführt. Während 1b-1d nur die jeweiligen Norcaradien-endoperoxide 2b-N-2d-N lieferten, führte das Dimethylderivat 1a zu einem 60:40-Gemisch von Endoperoxiden 2a-T und 2a-N. Zusätzlich zu der spektroskopischen Charakterisierung wurden die Norcaradien-endoperoxide 2b-N-2d-N thermisch in ihre Diepoxide 3b-3d isomerisiert. Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestätigte, daß die Substituenten in 3b 7-endo-Methyl und 7-exo-Methoxycarbonyl und in 3c 7-endo-Phenyl und 7-exo-Methyl angeordnet sind. Die sterische Größe dieser 7-Substituenten in Cycloheptatrienen ist daher Ph 〈 Me 〈 CO2Me. Das Tropiliden-endoperoxid 2a-T ist eine stabile Verbindung und konnte vollständig charakterisiert werden, während das Norcaradien-endoperoxid 2a-N thermisch zu labil war und mit Diimid in das gesättigte Endoperoxid 4a umgewandelt werden mußte, um eine vollständige Charakterisierung zu ermöglichen. - Es wird gezeigt, daß die Cycloaddition von Singulettsauerstoff eine brauchbare Methode darstellt, Substituenteneffekte in der Tropiliden-Norcaradien-Valenzisomerie qualitativ zu erfassen. Besonders geeignet ist diese Methode für Cycloheptatriene, für die das N/T-Verhältnis zu klein ist, um es mit dynamischen NMR-Methoden zu bestimmen. Die Stabilisierung des Norcaradiens durch 7-Methylsubstitution wird durch sterische Einflüsse erklärt.
    Notes: The photosensitized singlet oxygenation of 7,7-dimethyl- (1a), 7-(methoxycarbonyl)-7-methyl-(1b), 7-methyl-7-phenyl- (1c) and 7-[4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-7-methyl- (1d) 1,3,5-cycloheptatrienes has been investigated. While 1b-1d give only the respective norcaradiene endoperoxides 2b-N-2d-N, the dimethyl derivative 1a affords a 60:40 mixture of tropilidene (2a-T) and norcaradiene (2a-N) endoperoxides. In addition to full spectral characterization, the norcaradiene endoperoxides 2b-N-2d-N where thermally isomerized to their diepoxides 3b-3d. X-ray analysis confirmed that for 3b the stereochemistry of the substituents is 7-endo-methyl and 7-exo-methoxycarbonyl and for 3c it is 7-endo-phenyl and 7-exo-methyl, showing that the steric size of the substituents in the cycloheptatrienes is Ph 〈 Me 〈 CO2Me. While the tropilidene endoperoxide 2a-T was a stable compound and could be fully characterized, the norcaradiene derivative 2a-N was too labile and had to be reduced with diimide to the saturated endoperoxide 4a to enable complete characterization.It is shown that the cycloaddition of singlet oxygen is a useful method to assess qualitatively the substitutent effects on the tropilidene-norcaradiene valence isomerization, especially for those cycloheptatrienes in which the N/T ratio is too low for measurement by dynamic NMR methods. Stabilization of the norcaradiene isomer by 7-methyl substitution is rationalized in terms of steric effects.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1080-1081 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Simple Synthesis of Norcaradiene-7,7-dicarbonitrileAlternatively to the synthesis reported by Ciganek 1) title-compound 4 can be prepared by reaction of anion 2 with 2-naphthyl cyanate.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 18 (1979), S. 674-675 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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