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  • 1
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    Probing O-enrichment in C-rich dust planetary nebulae (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: The abundance of O in planetary nebulae (PNe) has been historically used as a metallicity indicator of the interstellar medium (ISM), where they originated; e.g. it has been widely used to study metallicity gradients in our Galaxy and beyond. However, clear observational evidence for O self-enrichment in low-metallicity Galactic PNe with C-rich dust has been recently reported. Here, we report asymptotic giant branch (AGB) nucleosynthesis predictions for the abundances of the CNO elements and helium in the metallicity range Z /4 〈 Z 〈 2 Z . Our AGB models, with diffusive overshooting from all the convective borders, predict that O is overproduced in low- Z low-mass (~1–3 M ) AGB stars and nicely reproduce the recent O overabundances observed in C-rich dust PNe. This confirms that O is not always a good proxy of the original ISM metallicity and other chemical elements such as Cl or Ar should be used instead. The production of oxygen by low-mass stars should be thus considered in galactic-evolution models.
    Print ISSN: 1745-3925
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-3933
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    A single model for the variety of multiple-population formation(s) in globular clusters: a temporal sequence (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-23
    Description: We explain the multiple populations recently found in the ‘prototype’ globular cluster (GC) NGC 2808 in the framework of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) scenario. The chemistry of the five – or more – populations is approximately consistent with a sequence of star formation events, starting after the Type II supernova epoch, lasting approximately until the time when the third dredge-up affects the AGB evolution (age ~90–120 Myr), and ending when the Type Ia supernovae begin exploding in the cluster, eventually clearing it from the gas. The formation of the different populations requires episodes of star formation in AGB gas diluted with different amounts of pristine gas. In the nitrogen-rich, helium-normal population identified in NGC 2808 by the UV Legacy Survey of GCs, the nitrogen increase is due to the third dredge-up in the smallest mass AGB ejecta involved in the star formation of this population. The possibly iron-rich small population in NGC 2808 may be a result of contamination by a single Type Ia supernova. The NGC 2808 case is used to build a general framework to understand the variety of ‘second-generation’ stars observed in GCs. Cluster-to-cluster variations are ascribed to differences in the effects of the many processes and gas sources which may be involved in the formation of the second generation. We discuss an evolutionary scheme, based on pollution by delayed Type II supernovae, which accounts for the properties of s-Fe-anomalous clusters.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Galactic planetary nebulae with precise nebular abundances as a tool to understand the evolution of asymptotic giant branch stars (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-01
    Description: We present nucleosynthesis predictions (HeCNOCl) from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) models, with diffusive overshooting from all the convective borders, in the metallicity range Z /4 〈  Z  〈 2 Z . They are compared to recent precise nebular abundances in a sample of Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) that is divided among double-dust chemistry (DC) and oxygen-dust chemistry (OC) according to the infrared dust features. Unlike the similar subsample of Galactic carbon-dust chemistry PNe recently analysed by us, here the individual abundance errors, the higher metallicity spread, and the uncertain dust types/subtypes in some PNe do not allow a clear determination of the AGB progenitor masses (and formation epochs) for both PNe samples; the comparison is thus more focused on a object-by-object basis. The lowest metallicity OC PNe evolve from low-mass (~1 M ) O-rich AGBs, while the higher metallicity ones (all with uncertain dust classifications) display a chemical pattern similar to the DC PNe. In agreement with recent literature, the DC PNe mostly descend from high-mass ( M ≥ 3.5 M ) solar/supersolar metallicity AGBs that experience hot bottom burning (HBB), but other formation channels in low-mass AGBs like extra mixing, stellar rotation, binary interaction, or He pre-enrichment cannot be disregarded until more accurate C/O ratios would be obtained. Two objects among the DC PNe show the imprint of advanced CNO processing and deep second dredge-up, suggesting progenitors masses close to the limit to evolve as core collapse supernovae (above 6 M ). Their actual C/O ratio, if confirmed, indicate contamination from the third dredge-up, rejecting the hypothesis that the chemical composition of such high-metallicity massive AGBs is modified exclusively by HBB.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    The fitness cost and benefit of phase-separated protein deposits (2019)
    EMBO Press
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Phase separation of soluble proteins into insoluble deposits is associated with numerous diseases. However, protein deposits can also function as membrane-less compartments for many cellular processes. What are the fitness costs and benefits of forming such deposits in different conditions? Using a model protein that phase-separates into deposits, we distinguish and quantify the fitness contribution due to the loss or gain of protein function and deposit formation in yeast. The environmental condition and the cellular demand for the protein function emerge as key determinants of fitness. Protein deposit formation can influence cell-to-cell variation in free protein abundance between individuals of a cell population (i.e., gene expression noise). This results in variable manifestation of protein function and a continuous range of phenotypes in a cell population, favoring survival of some individuals in certain environments. Thus, protein deposit formation by phase separation might be a mechanism to sense protein concentration in cells and to generate phenotypic variability. The selectable phenotypic variability, previously described for prions, could be a general property of proteins that can form phase-separated assemblies and may influence cell fitness.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 1744-4292
    Topics: Biology
    Published by EMBO Press
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  • 5
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    Corrigendum: In vivo engineering of oncogenic chromosomal rearrangements with the CRISPR/Cas9 system (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maddalo, Danilo -- Manchado, Eusebio -- Concepcion, Carla P -- Bonetti, Ciro -- Vidigal, Joana A -- Han, Yoon-Chi -- Ogrodowski, Paul -- Crippa, Alessandra -- Rekhtman, Natasha -- de Stanchina, Elisa -- Lowe, Scott W -- Ventura, Andrea -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 27;524(7566):502. doi: 10.1038/nature14571. Epub 2015 Jun 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26106864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    IJERPH, Vol. 16, Pages 309: Clinical, Neuroimaging, and Neurophysiological Findings in Children with Microcephaly Related to Congenital Zika Virus Infection (2019)
    MDPI
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection appeared in Brazil in 2015, causing an epidemic outbreak with increased rates of microcephaly and other serious birth disorders. We reviewed 102 cases of children who were diagnosed with microcephaly at birth and who had gestational exposure to ZIKV during the outbreak. We describe the clinical, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological findings. Most mothers (81%) reported symptoms of ZIKV infection, especially cutaneous rash, during the first trimester of pregnancy. The microcephaly was severe in 54.9% of the cases. All infants presented with brain malformations. The most frequent neuroimaging findings were cerebral atrophy (92.1%), ventriculomegaly (92.1%), malformation of cortical development (85.1%), and cortical–subcortical calcifications (80.2%). Abnormalities in neurological exams were found in 97.0% of the cases, epileptogenic activity in 56.3%, and arthrogryposis in 10.8% of the infants. The sensorineural screening suggested hearing loss in 17.3% and visual impairment in 14.1% of the infants. This group of infants who presented with microcephaly and whose mothers were exposed to ZIKV early during pregnancy showed clinical and radiological criteria for congenital ZIKV infection. A high frequency of brain abnormalities and signs of early neurological disorders were found, and epileptogenic activity and signs of sensorineural alterations were common. This suggests that microcephaly can be associated with a worst spectrum of neurological manifestations.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI
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  • 7
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    In vivo engineering of oncogenic chromosomal rearrangements with the CRISPR/Cas9 system (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-23
    Description: Chromosomal rearrangements have a central role in the pathogenesis of human cancers and often result in the expression of therapeutically actionable gene fusions. A recently discovered example is a fusion between the genes echinoderm microtubule-associated protein like 4 (EML4) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), generated by an inversion on the short arm of chromosome 2: inv(2)(p21p23). The EML4-ALK oncogene is detected in a subset of human non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and is clinically relevant because it confers sensitivity to ALK inhibitors. Despite their importance, modelling such genetic events in mice has proven challenging and requires complex manipulation of the germ line. Here we describe an efficient method to induce specific chromosomal rearrangements in vivo using viral-mediated delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to somatic cells of adult animals. We apply it to generate a mouse model of Eml4-Alk-driven lung cancer. The resulting tumours invariably harbour the Eml4-Alk inversion, express the Eml4-Alk fusion gene, display histopathological and molecular features typical of ALK(+) human NSCLCs, and respond to treatment with ALK inhibitors. The general strategy described here substantially expands our ability to model human cancers in mice and potentially in other organisms.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4270925/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4270925/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maddalo, Danilo -- Manchado, Eusebio -- Concepcion, Carla P -- Bonetti, Ciro -- Vidigal, Joana A -- Han, Yoon-Chi -- Ogrodowski, Paul -- Crippa, Alessandra -- Rekhtman, Natasha -- de Stanchina, Elisa -- Lowe, Scott W -- Ventura, Andrea -- P01 CA013106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Dec 18;516(7531):423-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13902. Epub 2014 Oct 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; 1] Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Milano-Bicocca University, Department of Medical Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, 20052, Via G B Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy. ; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Thoracic Pathology and Cytopathology, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; 1] Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25337876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; *Caspase 9 ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromosome Inversion/genetics ; *Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy/enzymology/pathology ; Mice ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Pyrazoles/therapeutic use ; Pyridines/therapeutic use ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Translocation, Genetic/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic globular clusters - XI. The horizontal branch in NGC 6388 and NGC 6441 (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-12-04
    Description: The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy survey of Galactic globular clusters (GC) is characterizing many different aspects of their multiple stellar populations. The ‘Grundahl-jump’ (G-jump) is a discontinuity in ultraviolet brightness of blue horizontal branch (HB) stars, signalling the onset of radiative metal levitation. The HB Legacy data confirmed that the G-jump is located at the same T eff (~=11 500 K) in nearly all clusters. The only exceptions are the metal-rich clusters NGC 6388 and NGC 6441, where the G-jump occurs at T eff ~= 13–14 000 K. We compute synthetic HB models based on new evolutionary tracks including the effect of helium diffusion, and approximately accounting for the effect of metal levitation in a stable atmosphere. Our models show that the G-jump location depends on the interplay between the time-scale of diffusion and the time-scale of the evolution in the T eff range 11 500 K T eff 14 000 K. The G-jump becomes hotter than 11 500 K only for stars that have, in this T eff range, a helium mass fraction Y 0.35. Similarly high Y values are also consistent with the modelling of the HB in NGC 6388 and NGC 6441. In these clusters, we predict that a significant fraction of HB stars show helium in their spectra above 11 500 K, and full helium settling should only be found beyond the hotter G-jump.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Hydrogen Emission and Macromolecular Radiation-Induced Defects in Polyethylene Irradiated under an Inert Atmosphere: The Role of Energy Transfers toward trans-Vinylene Unsaturations (2016)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-29
    Description: The Journal of Physical Chemistry B DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04503
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5207
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 10
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    Kyawthuite, Bi3+Sb5+O4, a new gem mineral from Mogok, Burma (Myanmar) (2017)
    Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-12
    Description: Kyawthuite, Bi 3+ Sb 5+ O 4 , is a new gem mineral found as a waterworn crystal in alluvium at Chaung-gyi-ah-le-ywa in the Chaung-gyi valley, near Mogok, Burma (Myanmar). Its description is based upon a single sample, which was faceted into a 1.61-carat gem. The composition suggests that the mineral formed in a pegmatite. Kyawthuite is monoclinic, space group I 2/ c , with unit cell dimensions a = 5.4624(4), b = 4.88519(17), c = 11.8520(8) Å, β = 101.195(7)°, V = 310.25(3) Å 3 and Z = 4. The colour is reddish orange and the streak is white. It is transparent with adamantine lustre. The Mohs hardness is 51/2. Kyawthuite is brittle with a conchoidal fracture and three cleavages: {001} perfect, {110} and { 10} good. The measured density is 8.256(5) g cm –3 and the calculated density is 8.127 g cm –3 . The mineral is optically biaxial with 2V = 90(2)°. The predicted indices of refraction are α = 2.194, β = 2.268, = 2.350. Pleochroism is imperceptible and the optical orientation is X = b ; Y c; Z a . Electron microprobe analyses, provided the empirical formula ( ) 1.00 ( ) 1.00 O 4 . The Raman spectrum is similar to that of synthetic Bi 3+ Sb 5+ O 4 . The infrared spectrum shows a trace amount of OH/H 2 O. The eight strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [ d obs in Å( I )( hkl )]: 3.266(100)( 12), 2.900(66)(112), 2.678(24)(200), 2.437(22)(020, 14), 1.8663(21)(024), 1.8026(43)( 16,220,204), 1.6264(23)( 24,116) and 1.5288(28)(312, 32). In the crystal structure of kyawthuite ( R 1 = 0.0269 for 593 reflections with F o 〉 4 F ), Sb 5+ O 6 octahedra share corners to form chequerboard-like sheets parallel to {001}. Atoms of Bi 3+ , located above and below the open squares in the sheets, form bonds to the O atoms in the sheets, thereby linking adjacent sheets into a framework. The Bi 3+ atom is in lopsided 8 coordination, typical of a cation with stereoactive lone electron pairs. Kyawthuite is isostructural with synthetic β-Sb 2 O 4 and clinocervantite (natural β-Sb 2 O 4 ).
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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