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  • 1
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    Significant enhancement of compositional and superconducting homogeneity in Ti rather than Ta-doped Nb3Sn (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-26
    Description: Nb 3 Sn wire is now very close to its final optimization, but despite its classical nature, a detailed understanding of the role of Ta and Ti doping in the A15 is not fully developed. Long thought to be essentially equivalent in their influence on H c 2 , they were interchangeably applied. Here, we show that Ti produces significantly more homogeneous chemical and superconducting properties. Despite Ta-doped samples having a slightly higher T c onset in zero-field, they always have a wider T c -distribution. In particular, whereas the Ta-doped A15 has a T c -distribution extending from 18 down to 5–6 K (the lowest expected T c for the binary A15 phase), the Ti-doped samples have no A15 phase with T c below ∼12 K. The much narrower T c distribution in the Ti-doped samples has a positive effect on their in-field T c -distribution too, leading to an extrapolated μ 0 H c 2 (0) 2 T larger than the Ta-doped wire. Ti-doping also appears to be very homogeneous even when the Sn content is reduced in order to inhibit breakdown of the diffusion barriers in very high J c conductors. The enhanced homogeneity of the Ti-doped samples appears to result from its assistance of rapid diffusion of Sn into the filaments and by its incorporation into the A15 phase interchangeably with Sn on the Sn sites of the A15 phase.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    Structure of the protease domain of memapsin 2 (beta-secretase) complexed with inhibitor (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-06
    Description: Memapsin 2 (beta-secretase) is a membrane-associated aspartic protease involved in the production of beta-amyloid peptide in Alzheimer's disease and is a major target for drug design. We determined the crystal structure of the protease domain of human memapsin 2 complexed to an eight-residue inhibitor at 1.9 angstrom resolution. The active site of memapsin 2 is more open and less hydrophobic than that of other human aspartic proteases. The subsite locations from S4 to S2' are well defined. A kink of the inhibitor chain at P2' and the change of chain direction of P3' and P4' may be mimicked to provide inhibitor selectivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hong, L -- Koelsch, G -- Lin, X -- Wu, S -- Terzyan, S -- Ghosh, A K -- Zhang, X C -- Tang, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 6;290(5489):150-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Protein Studies Program and Crystallography Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11021803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Endopeptidases ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Oligopeptides/*metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Development of transgenic fungi that kill human malaria parasites in mosquitoes (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-26
    Description: Metarhizium anisopliae infects mosquitoes through the cuticle and proliferates in the hemolymph. To allow M. anisopliae to combat malaria in mosquitoes with advanced malaria infections, we produced recombinant strains expressing molecules that target sporozoites as they travel through the hemolymph to the salivary glands. Eleven days after a Plasmodium-infected blood meal, mosquitoes were treated with M. anisopliae expressing salivary gland and midgut peptide 1 (SM1), which blocks attachment of sporozoites to salivary glands; a single-chain antibody that agglutinates sporozoites; or scorpine, which is an antimicrobial toxin. These reduced sporozoite counts by 71%, 85%, and 90%, respectively. M. anisopliae expressing scorpine and an [SM1](8):scorpine fusion protein reduced sporozoite counts by 98%, suggesting that Metarhizium-mediated inhibition of Plasmodium development could be a powerful weapon for combating malaria.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4153607/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4153607/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fang, Weiguo -- Vega-Rodriguez, Joel -- Ghosh, Anil K -- Jacobs-Lorena, Marcelo -- Kang, Angray -- St Leger, Raymond J -- 5R21A1079429-02/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI031478/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI079429/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI088033/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1074-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1199115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles gambiae/*microbiology/*parasitology/physiology ; Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Defensins/genetics/metabolism ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Hemolymph/metabolism/microbiology/parasitology ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/*microbiology/*parasitology/physiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/transmission ; Metarhizium/*genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligopeptides/genetics/metabolism ; Organisms, Genetically Modified ; Pest Control, Biological ; Plasmodium falciparum/*physiology ; Protozoan Proteins/immunology ; Salivary Glands/metabolism/parasitology ; Spores, Fungal/physiology ; Sporozoites/physiology ; Transformation, Genetic ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Electronic structure study of wide band gap magnetic semiconductor (La0.6Pr0.4)0.65Ca0.35MnO3 nanocrystals in paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-26
    Description: X-ray circular magnetic dichroism (XMCD), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) techniques were used to study the electronic structure of nanocrystalline (La 0.6 Pr 0.4 ) 0.65 Ca 0.35 MnO 3 near Fermi-level. XMCD results indicate that Mn 3+ and Mn 4+ spins are aligned parallel to each other at 20 K. The low M-H hysteresis curve measured at 5 K confirms ferromagnetic ordering in the (La 0.6 Pr 0.4 ) 0.65 Ca 0.35 MnO 3 system. The low temperature valence band XPS indicates that coupling between Mn3 d and O2 p is enhanced and the electronic states near Fermi-level have been suppressed below T C . The valence band UPS also confirms the suppression of electronic states near Fermi-level below Curie temperature. UPS near Fermi-edge shows that the electronic states are almost absent below 0.5 eV (at 300 K) and 1 eV (at 115 K). This absence clearly demonstrates the existence of a wide band-gap in the system since, for hole-doped semiconductors, the Fermi-level resides just above the valence band maximum.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    Bulk chemical analysis of selected manganese nodules retrieved during VA13/2 cruise in the Equatorial North Pacific (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Manganese nodules from VA13/2 cruise (R/V Valdivia) were selected for a variety of morphologies and size. They were regrouped by size class and chemically analyzed in bulk. Mn, Fe, Ni, and Cu concentrations were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy following grinding and drying of the samples at 1l0°C for 24 hr. The elements Co, Zn, Al, Si, and Ba were analyzed in selected samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in Aachen. In addition, the percent lithogenous fraction of selected samples was determined following treatment of the sample by 25 percent HCl. Element composition in these nodules was then computed on a lithogenous-free basis to make allowance for the effects of variation in the silicate contents of the nodules.
    Keywords: Aluminium oxide; Atomic absorption spectrophotometry; Barium; BC; Box corer; Box corer/grab; Cobalt; Copper; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Elevation of event; Event label; FFGR; Free-fall grab; Geochemistry; Identification; Iron; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Manganese; manganese micronodule; manganese nodule; Nickel; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Nodules, size; ocean; Pacific Ocean; sediment; Silicon dioxide; Structure; VA-13/2; VA13-2-103GBH; VA13-2-120GBH; VA13-2-140GBH; VA13-2-155KA; VA13-2-165KA; VA13-2-167-168GBH; VA13-2-66KA; VA13-2-67GBH; VA13-2-73GBH; VA13-2-74KA; VA13-2-83KA; Valdivia (1961); X-ray fluorescence spectrometry; Zinc
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 450 data points
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoacoustic spectroscopic estimation of optical absorption and thermal diffusivity of amorphous Ge15AsxSe85−x (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 5292-5296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) has been applied to measure the composition dependent optical energy gap (Eo), optical absorption coefficient (α), and thermal diffusivity (σs) of glassy Ge15AsxSe85−x (0≤x≤25) alloys. The energy gap is found to decrease with increase of As concentration and shows a threshold behavior around x∼15, which corresponds to the average coordination number 〈r〉∼2.45. This behavior is found to be consistent with the Phillips-Thorpe theory. The variation of the optical gap (Eo) with composition (x) is analyzed on the basis of the Kastner's model of bond energies. The observed exponential edge (Urbach edge) can be considered as an internal Franz-Keldysh effect arising due to the charged impurity generated, as well as "frozen-in'' optical phonon-generated, electric microfields. It could be described in the framework of Tauc and Dow-Redfield model which ascribes the Urbach rule to the ionization of the exciton as an extension of the stark shift. The concentration (x) dependent thermal diffusivity (σs) estimated from the PAS studies also showed a similar critical behavior at the same concentration x (≈15) which arises due to the threshold percolation of rigidity of the system. The measurements of glass transition temperatures (Tg) and the magnetic susceptibilities (χ) of the samples also support this critical behavior around x=15. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363462
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some analyses of potential profiles of forward-biased high-low junctions (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 2496-2501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A model calculation for the variation of the normalized potential against the normalized position for a forward-biased, below 2 thermal voltage, high-low junction has been made through numerical computations of Poisson's equation. The model is oriented to a junction with a sufficiently large doping difference between the two sides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357022
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoacoustic determination of the optical and thermal properties of isovalent S-substituted polymeric Ge–Se system (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 723-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Isovalent sulfur (S) -substituted glassy Ge0.05SxSe0.95−x (0≤x≤0.15) alloys have been prepared by quick quenching from the melt. The concentration (x) dependences of optical absorption, band gap, and thermal diffusivity of these alloys have been investigated at room temperature (300 K) by the photoacoustic spectroscopic (PAS) method in the spectral range of 350–800 nm. The small variation of the optical gap E0 with composition is analyzed on the basis of Kastner's model [in the small Ge limit of M. Lannoo and M. Bensoussan, Phys. Rev. B 16, 3546 (1977)], considering the electronegativity difference between the substituting atoms (Se and S) and bond energy calculation. The observed exponential edge (Urbach edge) can be considered as an internal Franz–Keldysh effect arising from the charged impurity-generated as well as "frozen-in'' optical-phonon-generated fields. This can be described in the framework of the Tauc and Dow–Redfield model. The phonon-assisted indirect transition at the band-tail region is also obtained from the present studies. The concentration-dependent thermal diffusivity, estimated from the PAS studies, showed a minimum around x=0.05 similar to the behavior of the observed optical energy gap. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360817
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalized kinetic model for the uncatalyzed hydroliquefaction of coal (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 25 (1986), S. 464-471 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i200033a019
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical properties of iron-silica nanocomposites synthesized by electrodeposition (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 6835-6840 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanometer-sized iron particles with diameters in the range 5.5–11.1 nm were grown within a silica gel by an electrodeposition method. Electron diffraction measurements show that some of the iron particles were oxidized to Fe3O4. dc resistivity measurements over the temperature range 110–300 K show a T−1/4 variation indicating a variable range hopping transport. ac conductivity over the frequency range 100 Hz–2 MHz show an overlapping large polaron tunneling mechanism to be operative. The dielectric modulus spectra as a function of frequency were analyzed on the basis of a stretched exponential relaxation function. The values of the exponent β as extracted from this analysis were in the range 0.38–0.46. The activation energies corresponding to the maximum of the imaginary part of the dielectric modulus were in the range 0.13–0.20 eV. These are ascribed to an electron tunneling mechanism. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371759
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