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  • 1
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    Flexible echolocation behavior of trawling bats during approach of continuous or transient prey cues (2013)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-01
    Electronic ISSN: 1664-042X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Frontiers Media
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  • 2
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    Pedogenic and microbial interrelations to regional climate and local topography: New insights from a climate gradient (arid to humid) along the Coastal Cordillera of Chile (2018)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0341-8162
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-6887
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 3
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    Chemistry and microbiology of the Critical Zone along a steep climate and vegetation gradient in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera (2018)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0341-8162
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-6887
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 4
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    Area-Wide Prediction of Vertebrate and Invertebrate Hole Density and Depth across a Climate Gradient in Chile Based on UAV and Machine Learning (2021)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-30
    Description: Burrowing animals are important ecosystem engineers affecting soil properties, as their burrowing activity leads to the redistribution of nutrients and soil carbon sequestration. The magnitude of these effects depends on the spatial density and depth of such burrows, but a method to derive this type of spatially explicit data is still lacking. In this study, we test the potential of using consumer-oriented UAV RGB imagery to determine the density and depth of holes created by burrowing animals at four study sites along a climate gradient in Chile, by combining UAV data with empirical field plot observations and machine learning techniques. To enhance the limited spectral information in RGB imagery, we derived spatial layers representing vegetation type and height and used landscape textures and diversity to predict hole parameters. Across-site models for hole density generally performed better than those for depth, where the best-performing model was for the invertebrate hole density (R2 = 0.62). The best models at individual study sites were obtained for hole density in the arid climate zone (R2 = 0.75 and 0.68 for invertebrates and vertebrates, respectively). Hole depth models only showed good to fair performance. Regarding predictor importance, the models heavily relied on vegetation height, texture metrics, and diversity indices.
    Electronic ISSN: 2504-446X
    Topics: Technology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 5
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    Reviews and syntheses: Composition and characteristics of burrowing animals along a climate and ecological gradient, Chile (2021)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-18
    Description: Although the burrowing activity of some species (e.g., gophers) is well studied, a comprehensive inventory of burrowing animals in adjacent biomes is not yet known, despite the potential importance of burrowing activity on the physical and chemical evolution of Earth's surface. In this study, we review the available information with a focus on the following: (a) an inventory of burrowing vertebrates and invertebrates along the climate and ecological gradient in Chile; (b) the dimensions and characteristics of burrows; and (c) calculation of excavation rates by local species compositions. Methods used include a literature compilation (〉 1000 studies) of Chilean burrowing animal species integrated with global, species-specific excavation rates. A field study augments literature findings with quantification of the zoogeomorphic effects on hillslope mass transport at the animal community level and along the arid to humid–temperate climate gradient within the Chilean Coastal Cordillera (27–38∘ S latitude). The literature review indicates a minimum of 45 vertebrate and 345 invertebrate burrowing species distributed across Chile in different biomes. Burrowing depths for Chilean mammals range between 3 m (e.g., for skunks, Conepatus) and 0.25 m (for rock rats, Aconaemys). For invertebrates, burrowing depths in Chile range between 1 m for scorpions to 0.3 m for spiders. In comparison, globally documented maximum burrow depths reach up to more than 6 m for vertebrates (gopher tortoises and aardvarks) and 4 m for invertebrates (ants). Minimum excavation rates of local animal communities observed from field sites in Chile are 0.34 m3 ha−1 yr−1 for the arid site, 0.56 m3 ha−1 yr−1 for the semiarid site, 0.93 m3 ha−1 yr−1 for the mediterranean site and 0.09 m3 ha−1 yr−1 for the humid–temperate site, with the latter likely an underestimation. The calculated minimum Chilean excavation rates are within the large range of globally observed single species rates ranging between 0.01 and 56.20 m3 ha−1 yr−1 for vertebrates and from 0.01 to 37.31 m3 ha−1 yr−1 for invertebrates. Taken together, results not only highlight the diverse and latitudinally varying number of burrowing vertebrates and invertebrates present in different biomes, but also foster the understanding of how burrowing activity changes over a gradient and is influenced by mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, slope aspect and latitudinal-related incoming solar energy.
    Print ISSN: 1726-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1726-4189
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 6
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    Physical and geochemical data on a drill core from the semi-arid Coastal Cordillera, Chile (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset contains petrophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from a drilling core from the Coastal Cordillera, Chile. The drilling campaign in the semi-arid field site Reserve Santa Gracia was conducted in the framework of the “EarthShape” project (DFG SPP1803) to study deep weathering along a climate gradient. Previous studies in this area found that the weathering front is located much deeper than expected (Oeser et al., 2018). To explore the weathering profile and the depth of the weathering front, we performed various geochemical, petrophysical, and mineralogical analyses. The drilling campaign was conducted in March and April 2019, using the wireline drilling method with a standard industry truck-mounted PQ3-sized (85 mm core diameter, 123 mm hole diameter) rotary drilling rig (Sondajes Araos E.I.R.L.). A detailed description of the drilling activities is given in Krone et al. (2021). The retrieved core runs with a maximum length of 1.5 m were drilled using potable water, with added contamination control tracer for further microbiological analyses of the rock. As basis for our detailed study of deep weathering we determined the porosity, density, specific surface area, elemental composition, mineralogical composition, Fe oxidation, and the degree of weathering from chemical depletion, volumetric strain, and the weathering rate using the in situ cosmogenic nuclide beryllium-10 (10Be).
    Keywords: critical zone ; rock fracturing ; rock weathering ; compound material 〉 igneous material 〉 igneous rock ; compound material 〉 igneous material 〉 igneous rock 〉 phaneritic igneous rock 〉 granitoid ; compound material 〉 igneous material 〉 intermediate composition igneous material 〉 intermediate composition igneous rock 〉 dioritoid 〉 monzodioritic rock ; compound material 〉 igneous material 〉 intermediate composition igneous material 〉 intermediate composition igneous rock 〉 dioritoid 〉 monzodioritic rock 〉 quartz monzodiorite ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 WEATHERING ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY 〉 GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES 〉 CHEMICAL WEATHERING ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 IGNEOUS ROCKS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 IGNEOUS ROCKS 〉 IGNEOUS ROCK PHYSICAL/OPTICAL PROPERTIES ; industrial process 〉 drilling ; land 〉 natural area 〉 terrestrial area 〉 arid land ; lithosphere 〉 earth's crust 〉 fault
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 7
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    Burrowing vertebrates and invertebrates and their characteristics in Chile (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We compiled available information for burrowing animals in Chile in two tables: "2020-042_Uebernickel-et-al_Vertebrates" and "2020-042_Uebernickel-et-al_Invertebrates". A discussion about burrowing vertebrates and invertebrates and the effect of the communities at selected sites in arid to humid Chile is given in Übernickel et al. (in review): Quantification of animal burrowing volumes on hillslopes along a climate gradient, Chile. The purpose of these tables is to provide an overview of burrowing vertebrates and invertebrate species in Chile. The degree of known details of their natural history varies and is often minimal. For invertebrates, the majority of the published work is taxonomic or descriptive that hardly encounter biologic or ecologic aspects of the respective species. The geographic distribution of most invertebrate species remains largely unknown, as they have been topic of single investigations at specific research sites in Chile. The tables are intended as starting point for follow up research. Quantification of distributional ranges, density, excavation rates, burrow or gallery dimensions and further parameters of these species, is important to quantify the biotic influence they have on a landscape level. From publications mostly treating single species, we have compiled this comprehensive dataset of 45 digging or soil-moving vertebrate and 345 invertebrate species. It includes a list of species names with morphological digging adaptations and species observed to dig. In vertebrates excavating behavior is documented for mammals, lizards and birds. In invertebrates, excavating behavior is mentioned for Chilean spiders, scorpions, camel spider, beetles, cicadas, wasps, bees, ants, a termite and antlions. Chile is characterized by an endemic fauna, especially true for arthropods, with limited distributional ranges. Currently, these largely still unknown species are under thread of extinction by the destruction of habitats, desertification and climate change. We encourage specialists to add information to this first compilation.
    Keywords: excavation rate ; Atacama Desert ; mammals ; rodents ; burrowing spider ; burrowing beetle ; burrowing scorpion ; burrowing bee ; burrowing wasp ; South America ; Chile ; Cordillera de la Costa ; National Park Pan de Azúcar ; Santa Gracia ; National Park La Campana ; National Park Nahuelbuta ; EarthShape ; geomorphology ; bioturbation ; ecosystem engineer ; soil erosion ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION 〉 ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION 〉 ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES 〉 MAMMALS 〉 RODENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 8
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    Time series of meteorological stations on an elevational gradient in National Park La Campana, Chile (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The DFG Priority Program 1803 "EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota” (www.earthshape.net) installed three meteorological stations at an elevational gradient in the National Park La Campana, Chile, in the sector Ocoa, within one catchment, that is one of the four EarthShape core research sites. They are located at a valley position, at the slope and the crest of the catchment. For reference, the valley station is neighbouring a weather station (Campbell Scientific) that the EarthShape project has installed earlier, in 2016 (Übernickel et al., 2020). The other two weather stations are installed on higher elevations. The weather stations are intended to provide baseline meteorological data along the elevational gradient within the La Campana catchment. Each station is configured to include sensors that record air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure as well as total solar radiation at 2 m height; precipitation at 1 m height. The data recording started in March 2019. This publication provides raw data as downloaded from the three stations, appended to one single *.xlsx file per station. The data is measured in 30 minutes intervals. The full description of the data and methods is provided in the data description file.
    Description: Other
    Description: The DFG Priority Program 1803 "EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota" (2016-2022; https://www.earthshape.net/) explored between scientific disciplines and includes geoscientists and biologists to study from different viewpoints the complex question how microorganisms, animals, and plants influence the shape and development of the Earth’s surface over time scales from the present-day to the young geologic past. All study sites are located in the north-to-south trending Coastal Cordillera mountains of Chile, South America. These sites span from the Atacama Desert in the north to the Araucaria forests approximately 1300 km to the south. The site selection contains a large ecological and climate gradient ranging from very dry to humid climate conditions.
    Keywords: South America ; Chile ; Coastal Cordillera ; National Parc La Campana ; EarthShape ; radiation ; temperature ; precipitation ; pressure ; humidity ; weather station ; METER group ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION 〉 SOLAR RADIATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE 〉 AIR TEMPERATURE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR 〉 HUMIDITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 PRECIPITATION
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  • 9
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    (LiDAR) 3D Point Clouds and Topographic Data from the Chilean Coastal Cordillera (2022)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-18
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The DFG Priority Program 1803 “EarthShape” (www.earthshape.net) investigates Earth surface shaping by biota. As part of this project, we present Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data of land surface areas for the four core research sites of the project. The research sites are located along a latitudinal gradient between ~26 °S and ~38 °S in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. From north to south, the names of these sites are: National Park Pan de Azúcar; Private Reserve Santa Gracia; National Park La Campana; and National Park Nahuelbuta. The three datasets contain raw 3D point cloud data captured from an airborne LiDAR system, and the following derivative products: a) digital terrain models (DTM, sometimes also referred to as DEM [digital elevation model]) which are (2.5D) raster datasets created by rendering only the LiDAR returns which are assumed to be ground/bare-earth returns and b) digital surface models (DSM) which are also 2.5D raster datasets produced by rendering all the returns from the top of the Earth’s surface, including all objects and structures (e.g. buildings and vegetation). The LiDAR data were acquired in 2008 (southernmost Nahuelbuta [NAB] catchment), 2016 (central La Campana [LC] catchment) and 2020 (central Santa Gracia [SGA] catchment). Except for Nahuelbuta (data already was available from the data provider from a previous project), the flights were carried out as part of the "EarthShape" project. The LiDAR raw data (point cloud/ *.las files) were compressed, merged (as *.laz files) and projected using UTM 19 S (UTM 18 S for the southernmost Nahuelbuta catchment, respectively) and WGS84 as coordinate reference system. A complementary fourth dataset for the northernmost site in the National Park Pan de Azúcar, derived from Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flights and Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry, is expected to be obtained during the first half of 2022 and will be added to the above data set.
    Description: Other
    Description: The DFG Priority Program 1803 "EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota" (2016-2022) explored between scientific disciplines and includes geoscientists and biologists to study from different viewpoints the complex question how microorganisms, animals, and plants influence the shape and development of the Earth’s surface over time scales from the present-day to the young geologic past. All study sites are located in the north-to-south trending Coastal Cordillera mountains of Chile, South America. These sites span from the Atacama Desert in the north to the Araucaria forests approximately 1300 km to the south. The site selection contains a large ecological and climate gradient ranging from very dry to humid climate conditions. For more information visit: www.earthshape.net
    Keywords: 3D point cloud ; LiDAR scanner ; Elevation Models ; EarthShape ; Chile ; Coastal Cordillera ; Private Reserve Santa Gracia ; National Park La Campana ; National Park Nahuelbuta ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Active Remote Sensing 〉 Altimeters 〉 Lidar/Laser Altimeters 〉 AIRBORNE LASER SCANNER ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY 〉 TERRAIN ELEVATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY 〉 TOPOGRAPHICAL RELIEF ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SPECTRAL/ENGINEERING 〉 LIDAR ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 LAND SURFACE MODELS ; Models/Analyses 〉 DEM ; radiation 〉 laser
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 10
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    Geophysical Borehole logging at Santa Gracia, Chile (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-18
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The DFG funded DeepEarthshape project within the SPP1803 EarthShape (second phase) combines several geoscientific methods and approaches to study the weathering zone in detail in dependence of climate conditions. Projects of the first phase have shown that the weathering zone is much deeper than expected, so that the weathering front was never encountered in the excavated soil pits. At depth of 1 – 2 m appreciable amounts of microbial biomass and DNA counts were encountered. It was further found that bacteria and archaea colonizing rock surfaces are close relatives to those from deeper soil zones. Because we do not know a) the depth of weathering; b) the process advancing it; c) whether this advance is driven by water, gases, and/or biological activity and concentrated along faults; d) whether this zone presents a habitat and interacts with the surface biosphere, we have designed a drilling campaign at all four study sites for joint geochemical, biogeochemical and microbiological exploration and a geophysical campaign for imaging the depth and physical properties of the critical zone. The principle hypotheses of the DeepEarthshape projects are: 1) The advance of the weathering front at depth is a recent process that is linked to climate and coupled with erosion at the surface through a biogeochemical feedback 2) Microbial activity in the deep regolith that advances weathering is fuelled by young organic matter. The four study sites are distributed along the coast of Chile to have a similar geological setting at one hand but different climatic conditions. Here we present the logging data of the first geophysical borehole survey which took place at Santa Gracia, 40 km NE of La Serena (Coquimbo Region, Chile). The data were acquired on the 2nd of April 2019 between . The borehole logging was conducted by COMPROBE. The vertical borehole reached down to 87.2 m depth and had a diameter (PQ) of 83.5 mm.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Acoustic Televiewer data are freely accessible now in .dlis and PDF formats. The original data files are embargoed until the 30 June 2022.
    Keywords: geophysical borehole logging ; televiewer ; Full seismic wave fields ; electrical resistivity ; gamma ray ; spontaneous potential ; single point resistance ; seismic p wave velocities ; seismic s wave velocities ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Recorders/Loggers 〉 WELL LOGGING TOOLS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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