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  • 1
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and elemental contents and macromolecules of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Elemental contents change with shifts in macromolecular composition of marine phytoplankton. Recent studies focus on the responses of elemental contents of coccolithophores, a major calcifying phytoplankton group, to changing carbonate chemistry, caused by the dissolution of anthropogenically derived CO2 into the surface ocean. However, the effects of changing carbonate chemistry on biomacromolecules, such as protein and carbohydrate of coccolithophores, are less documented. Here, we disentangled the effects of elevated dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration (900 to 4,930μmol/kg) and reduced pH value (8.04 to 7.70) on physiological rates, elemental contents, and macromolecules of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. Compared to present DIC concentration and pH value, combinations of high DIC concentration and low pH value (ocean acidification) significantly increased pigments content, particulate organic carbon (POC), and carbohydrate content and had less impact on growth rate, maximal relative electron transport rate (rETRmax), particulate organic nitrogen (PON), and protein content. In high pH treatments, elevated DIC concentration significantly increased growth rate, pigments content, rETRmax, POC, particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), protein, and carbohydrate contents. In low pH treatments, the extents of the increase in growth rate, pigments and carbohydrate content were reduced. Compared to high pH value, under low DIC concentration, low pH value significantly increased POC and PON contents and showed less impact on protein and carbohydrate contents; however, under high DIC concentration, low pH value significantly reduced POC, PON, protein, and carbohydrate contents. These results showed that reduced pH counteracted the positive effects of elevated DIC concentration on growth rate, rETRmax, POC, PON, carbohydrate, and protein contents. Elevated DIC concentration and reduced pH acted synergistically to increase the contribution of carbohydrate–carbon to POC, and antagonistically to affect the contribution of protein–nitrogen to PON, which further shifted the carbon/nitrogen ratio of E. huxleyi.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbohydrates, per cell; Carbohydrates, total, standard deviation; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbon, inorganic, particulate, per cell; Carbon, inorganic, particulate, standard deviation; Carbon, organic, particulate; Carbon, organic, particulate, per cell; Carbon, organic, particulate, standard deviation; Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio; Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Carotenoids, standard deviation; Carotenoids/Chlorophyll a ratio; Carotenoids/Chlorophyll a ratio, standard deviation; Carotenoids per cell; Chlorophyll a, standard deviation; Chlorophyll a per cell; Chromista; Emiliania huxleyi; Experiment duration; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Growth rate, standard deviation; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Light saturation point; Light saturation point, standard deviation; Light use efficiency; Light use efficiency, standard deviation; Maximal electron transport rate, relative; Maximal electron transport rate, relative, standard deviation; Nitrogen, organic, particulate; Nitrogen, organic, particulate, per cell; Nitrogen, organic, particulate, standard deviation; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio; Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio, standard deviation; Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Phytoplankton; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Protein per cell; Proteins, standard deviation; Registration number of species; Salinity; Single species; Species; Temperature, water; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 284 data points
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  • 2
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and community structure and function of phytoplankton community (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: The rise of atmospheric pCO2 has created a number of problems for marine ecosystem. In this study, we initially quantified the effects of elevated pCO2 on the group-specific mortality of phytoplankton in a natural community based on the results of mesocosm experiments. Diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community, and the concentration of chlorophyll a was significantly higher in the high-pCO2 treatment than the low-pCO2 treatment. Phytoplankton mortality (percentage of dead cells) decreased during the exponential growth phase. Although the mortality of dinoflagellates did not differ significantly between the two pCO2 treatments, that of diatoms was lower in the high-pCO2 treatment. Small diatoms dominated the diatom community. Although the mortality of large diatoms did not differ significantly between the two treatments, that of small diatoms was lower in the high-pCO2 treatment. These results suggested that elevated pCO2 might enhance dominance by small diatoms and thereby change the community structure of coastal ecosystems.
    Keywords: Abundance; Abundance per volume; Alkalinity, total; Ammonium; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cell size, standard deviation; Chlorophyll a; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Day of experiment; Entire community; EXP; Experiment; Fucoxanthin; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Identification; Laboratory experiment; Mesocosm or benthocosm; Mortality; Mortality/Survival; Nitrate and Nitrite; Nitrite; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; Peridinin; pH; Phosphate; Salinity; Sampling date; Signal; Silicate; Spectrophotometric; Temperate; Temperature, water; Treatment; Type; Wuyuan_Bay_OA
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 7366 data points
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  • 3
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and chlorophyll a, primary productioin and algal community composition (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Liu, Nana; Tong, Shanying; Yi, Xiangqi; Li, Yan; Li, Zhenzhen; Miao, Hangbin; Wang, Tifeng; Li, Futian; Yan, Dong; Huang, Ruiping; Wu, YaPing; Hutchins, David A; Beardall, John; Dai, Minhan; Gao, Kunshan (2017): Carbon assimilation and losses during an ocean acidification mesocosm experiment, with special reference to algal blooms. Marine Environmental Research, 129, 229-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.05.003
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-22
    Description: A mesocosm experiment was conducted in Wuyuan Bay (Xiamen), China, to investigate the effects of elevated pCO2 on bloom formation by phytoplankton species previously studied in laboratory-based ocean acidification experiments, to determine if the indoor-grown species performed similarly in mesocosms under more realistic environmental conditions. We measured biomass, primary productivity and particulate organic carbon (POC) as well as particulate organic nitrogen (PON). Phaeodactylum tricornutum outcompeted Thalassiosira weissflogii and Emiliania huxleyi, comprising more than 99% of the final biomass. Mainly through a capacity to tolerate nutrient-limited situations, P. tricornutum showed a powerful sustained presence during the plateau phase of growth. Significant differences between high and low CO2 treatments were found in cell concentration, cumulative primary productivity and POC in the plateau phase but not during the exponential phase of growth. Compared to the low pCO2 (LC) treatment, POC increased by 45.8–101.9% in the high pCO2 (HC) treated cells during the bloom period. Furthermore, respiratory carbon losses of gross primary productivity were found to comprise 39–64% for the LC and 31–41% for the HC mesocosms (daytime C fixation) in phase II. Our results suggest that the duration and characteristics of a diatom bloom can be affected by elevated pCO2. Effects of elevated pCO2 observed in the laboratory cannot be reliably extrapolated to large scale mesocosms with multiple influencing factors, especially during intense algal blooms.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, organic, particulate; Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cell density; Chlorophyll a; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Day of experiment; Entire community; EXP; Experiment; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Mesocosm or benthocosm; Nitrogen, organic, particulate; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; Phosphate; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Primary production of carbon per day; Registration number of species; Replicate; Respiration rate, carbon dioxide; Salinity; Silicate; Species; Temperate; Temperature, water; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Wuyuan_Bay
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 12180 data points
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  • 4
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and viruses,bacteria Abundance and phytoplankton community structure (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-22
    Description: Eutrophic coastal regions are highly productive and greatly influenced by human activities. Primary production supporting the coastal ecosystems is supposed to be affected by progressive ocean acidification driven by increasing CO2 emissions. In order to investigate the effects of high pCO2 (HC) on eutrophic plankton community structure and ecological functions, we employed 9 mesocosms and carried out an experiment under ambient (410 ppmv) and future high (1000 ppmv) atmospheric pCO2 conditions, using in situ plankton community in Wuyuan Bay, East China Sea. Our results showed that HC along with natural seawater temperature rise significantly boosted biomass of diatoms with decreased abundance of dinoflagellates in the late stage of the experiment, demonstrating that HC repressed the succession from diatoms to dinoflagellates, a phenomenon observed during algal blooms in the East China Sea. HC did not significantly influence the primary production or biogenic silica contents of the phytoplankton assemblages. However, the HC treatments increased the abundance of viruses and heterotrophic bacteria, reflecting a refueling of nutrients for phytoplankton growth from virus-mediated cell lysis and bacterial degradation of organic matters. Conclusively, our results suggest that increasing CO2 concentrations can modulate plankton structure including the succession of phytoplankton community and the abundance of viruses and bacteria in eutrophic coastal waters, which may lead to altered biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients.
    Keywords: Ammonium; Aragonite saturation state; Bacteria; Bicarbonate ion; Biogenic silica; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cell density; Chlorophyll a; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Day of experiment; Entire community; EXP; Experiment; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Mesocosm or benthocosm; Night period respiration, carbon; Nitrate; Nitrite; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; Phosphate; Primary production, carbon assimilation; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Replicates; Respiration; Salinity; Silicate; Temperate; Temperature, water; Treatment; Type; Viral abundance; Wuyuan_Bay_OA
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6225 data points
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  • 5
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    Carbon assimilation and losses during an ocean acidification mesocosm experiment, with special reference to algal blooms (2017)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0141-1136
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-0291
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 6
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    Elevated pCO2 Impedes Succession of Phytoplankton Community From Diatoms to Dinoflagellates Along With Increased Abundance of Viruses and Bacteria (2021)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
    Description: Eutrophic coastal regions are highly productive and greatly influenced by human activities. Primary production supporting the coastal ecosystems is supposed to be affected by progressive ocean acidification driven by increasing CO2 emissions. In order to investigate the effects of high pCO2 (HC) on eutrophic plankton community structure and ecological functions, we employed 9 mesocosms and carried out an experiment under ambient (∼410 ppmv) and future high (1000 ppmv) atmospheric pCO2 conditions, using in situ plankton community in Wuyuan Bay, East China Sea. Our results showed that HC along with natural seawater temperature rise significantly boosted biomass of diatoms with decreased abundance of dinoflagellates in the late stage of the experiment, demonstrating that HC repressed the succession from diatoms to dinoflagellates, a phenomenon observed during algal blooms in the East China Sea. HC did not significantly influence the primary production or biogenic silica contents of the phytoplankton assemblages. However, the HC treatments increased the abundance of viruses and heterotrophic bacteria, reflecting a refueling of nutrients for phytoplankton growth from virus-mediated cell lysis and bacterial degradation of organic matters. Conclusively, our results suggest that increasing CO2 concentrations can modulate plankton structure including the succession of phytoplankton community and the abundance of viruses and bacteria in eutrophic coastal waters, which may lead to altered biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients.
    Electronic ISSN: 2296-7745
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Frontiers Media
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  • 7
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    Light availability modulates the effects of warming in a marine N2 fixer (2020)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-28
    Description: Trichodesmium species, as a group of photosynthetic N2 fixers (diazotrophs), play an important role in the marine biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and carbon, especially in oligotrophic waters. How ongoing ocean warming may interact with light availability to affect Trichodesmium is not yet clear. We grew Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS 101 at three temperature levels of 23, 27, and 31∘C under growth-limiting and growth-saturating light levels of 50 and 160 µmol quanta m−2 s−1, respectively, for at least 10 generations and then measured physiological performance, including the specific growth rate, N2 fixation rate, and photosynthesis. Light availability significantly modulated the growth response of Trichodesmium to temperature, with the specific growth rate peaking at ∼27∘C under the light-saturating conditions, while growth of light-limited cultures was non-responsive across the tested temperatures (23, 27, and 31∘C). Short-term thermal responses for N2 fixation indicated that both high growth temperature and light intensity increased the optimum temperature (Topt) for N2 fixation and decreased its susceptibility to supra-optimal temperatures (deactivation energy – Eh). Simultaneously, all light-limited cultures with low Topt and high Eh were unable to sustain N2 fixation during short-term exposure to high temperatures (33–34∘C) that are not lethal for the cells grown under light-saturating conditions. Our results imply that Trichodesmium spp. growing under low light levels while distributed deep in the euphotic zone or under cloudy weather conditions might be less sensitive to long-term temperature changes that occur on the timescale of multiple generations but are more susceptible to abrupt (less than one generation time span) temperature changes, such as those induced by cyclones and heat waves.
    Print ISSN: 1726-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1726-4189
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 8
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    Cyanobacteria-Dominated Phytoplankton in the Oligotrophic South China Sea Maintain Photosynthetic Potential Despite Diurnal Photoinactivation of PSII (2021)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-29
    Description: In the warm, oligotrophic oceans, phytoplankton frequently experience high light exposure and must compete for a potentially limited nutrient supply. Additionally, the light regimes are dynamic in view of the diel solar cycle, weather conditions, and depth. Dealing with these challenges is critical to their survival. Here, we explored, using active chlorophyll a fluorescence, the photophysiological responses of cyanobacteria-dominated phytoplankton assemblages to intra-day variations in the light regime in the oligotrophic South China Sea (SCS). Experiments were conducted at three stations (SEATS, DC2, and DC6) where phytoplankton communities were dominated by Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, and environmental conditions were similar except for daytime light conditions. We found that, at each station, the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) at dawn was as high as ∼0.5, although concentrations of both dissolved inorganic nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphate were below the detection limits. Subsequently, diurnal patterns of Fv/Fm diverged between stations. At stations DC2 and DC6, we observed significant drops (25–48%) of Fv/Fm around midday, coinciding with the incident solar photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) reaching over 2,000 μmol quanta m–2 s–1, but Fv/Fm was nearly stable at SEATS where the daily maximal PAR was less than 1,000 μmol quanta m–2 s–1. Further analysis suggests that the midday drops in Fv/Fm at DC2 and DC6 were a consequence of high light-induced PSII photoinactivation. On the other hand, we found that the patterns of diurnal variation in maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) presented as being unimodal with a peak around midday at all three stations. Furthermore, we found that the diurnal pattern of rETRmax was mainly controlled by the extent of photochemical quenching (qP) which reflects the redox status of electron carriers downstream of PSII. In conclusion, our results indicate that, in the oligotrophic SCS, through increasing the activity of the electron-consuming mechanisms (high qP), the phytoplankton communities are able to maintain their midday photosynthetic potential (high rETRmax) even with a degree of PSII photoinactivation (low Fv/Fm).
    Electronic ISSN: 2296-7745
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Frontiers Media
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