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  • 1
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    Arctic ice core sea salt simulations for 1991-2015 CE produced using p-TOMCAT chemical transport model (2018)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Description: Interpretation of ice core marine chemistry is often ambiguous because multiple processes influence the signal preserved. Using a chemical transport model, we investigate the relative influence of sea ice and meteorology changes on sea salt sodium records from Arctic ice cores. For inland Greenland cores, our simulations suggest that the sodium budget is dominated by the open ocean source and that inter-annual variability is primarily driven by meteorological conditions not the strength of aerosol emissions. In contrast, for coastal high Arctic cores, the sea ice surface is the principal aerosol source, with inter-annual variability strongly linked to aerosol emissions. High Arctic ice cores may therefore record decadal to centennial scale Holocene sea ice variability. However, any relationship between ice core sodium and sea ice may depend on how sea ice thickness or seasonality impacts sea salt emissions. Field-based observations are urgently required to constrain this. Simulations performed using Cambridge p-TOMCAT chemical transport model which represents the emission, transport and deposition of sea salt aerosol sourced from the open ocean (OOSS) and sea ice surface (SISS). p-TOMCAT is a 3D global model with a spatial resolution of 2.8° x 2.8° across 31 vertical sigma-pressure levels driven by ERA-Interim wind, temperature and humidity fields and HadISST-derived sea ice fraction.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet, 103.8 kBytes
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Co-governed Sovereignty Network (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer Singapore
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book introduces MIN, a novel networking architecture to implement the sovereign equality of all countries in the cyberspace. Combining legal theory and network technology, it first discusses the historical development of sovereignty and expounds the legal basis of cyberspace sovereignty. Then, based on the high-performance blockchain, it describes a new network architecture designed to implement co-governance at the technical level. Explaining network sovereignty and including rich illustrations and tables, the book helps readers new to the field grasp the evolution and necessity of cyberspace sovereignty, gain insights into network trends and develop a preliminary understanding of complex network technologies such as blockchain, security mechanisms and routing strategies. The MIN network implements the “four principles” of cyberspace adopted by most nations and people: respecting cyber sovereignty; maintaining peace and protection; promoting openness and cooperation; and building good order to provide network system security. There maybe three scales of application scenario for MIN, the big one is for UN of Cyberspace, the middle one is for Smart city, the small one is for enterprise group or organizations as private network, MIN-VPN. We have developed the product of MIN-VPN, you could find its message on the preface if care about the security of your network.
    Keywords: Cyber Space Management and Network security ; Computer Network Applications ; Cyberspace Legal theory ; Sovereignty Network ; Blockchain ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTN Network security ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass resolved photoionization/fragmentation studies of Cr(CO)6 at photon energies of ∼8–40 eV (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 4911-4918 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have carried out a comprehensive study on the photoionization/fragmentation of Cr(CO)6 by using the time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) technique and a synchrotron radiation source in the photon energy range of ∼8–40 eV. The appearance potentials (AP) of all the observed fragment ions were accurately determined, and those of some fragments, e.g., the doubly charged ions and the carbide fragments, were determined for the first time. The corresponding thermodynamic properties of these fragment ions have been derived. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474854
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The absolute cross sections of photoabsorption, photodissociation, and photoionization of the group VIB metal hexacarbonyls at 300–1600 A(ring) (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 9474-9482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The absolute photoabsorption cross sections σa and photoionization quantum yields η of Cr(CO)6, Mo(CO)6, and W(CO)6 are measured in the wavelength range of ∼300–1600 Å. We have also estimated the photoionization cross sections σi and the neutral photodissociation cross sections σd from σa and η. Main absorption features are tentatively assigned with the help of the MO diagram and the photoelectron spectroscopic data of M(CO)6(M=Cr,Mo,W). Large optical oscillator strength distributions and neutral photodissociation cross sections are obtained at the photon energies far beyond the first ionization potential. Our studies revealed the valence excitation nature of the superexcited states in the extreme ultraviolet region. It is suggested that the neutral photodissociation in this region shares a similarity with that in the UV region below the first ionization potential because they both involve a repulsive ejection of the first CO ligand. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474077
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence excitation and depletion spectroscopy of the BAr complex: Electronic states correlating with the excited valence B(2s2p2 2D) asymptote (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 6596-6606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Laser fluorescence excitation and depletion spectra of the BAr van der Waals complex, in the spectral region around the B atomic 2s2p2 2D←2s22p 2P transition at 208.9 nm, are reported. The fluorescence excitation spectrum displays a series of structured bands, whose excited levels are weakly bound (≤60 cm−1), and an unstructured continuum to the blue. The onset of the latter allows determination of the ground state dissociation energy D0″=102.4±0.3 cm−1. The fluorescence depletion spectrum reveals, in addition, bands at lower wave numbers to a strongly bound, predissociating state, assigned as C2Δ. The bands observed by fluorescence excitation are assigned to the D2Π, E2Σ+–X2Π transitions. The derived spectroscopic data are used to construct potential energy curves for the C2Δ and D2Π states. The predissociation of the C2Δ state is due to spin–orbit coupling to a repulsive 4Π state correlating with the B(2s2p2 4P)+Ar asymptote, as shown in the accompanying paper [K. Sohlberg and D. R. Yarkony, J. Chem. Phys. 106, 6607 (1997)]. A weak nonradiative decay process is also observed for the D2Π state. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473649
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodissociation spectroscopy of Mg+–C6H5X (X=H, F, Cl, Br) (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 10236-10246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photodissociation of a series of complexes Mg+–C6H5X (X=H, F, Cl, Br) has been studied. The formation of Mg+ was found to be the predominant dissociation pathway. We monitored the photodissociation product as a function of the excitation wavelength in a broad spectral region. Experiments on the complexes with different halide substitutions showed similar action spectra. This is explained by a similar structure shared by these complexes with Mg+ being above the benzene ring. In the photodissociation of Mg+–(C6H5F), MgF+ is also formed besides Mg+. The action spectra corresponding to these two channels were found to be different, and the MgF+ channel is believed to be from a different isomer. The experimental results are consistent with our quantum ab initio calculations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481706
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photofragmentation studies of small selenium cluster cations Sen+ (n=3–8) (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 7837-7843 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Selenium cluster cations are produced by the combination of laser vaporization and supersonic expansion techniques. Each small cluster cation Sen+ (n=3–8) is mass selected separately and subjected to one-photon laser photodissociation processes. The parent and daughter cluster ions are detected using a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The appearance potentials of all the observed cluster fragment ions are estimated from their yield curves as a function of the laser wavelength. The neutral dimer evaporation is found to be the lowest energy photodissociation channel. In general, the odd-numbered cluster cations have much larger dissociation thresholds than those of the even-numbered cluster cations. In addition, the dissociation thresholds of the odd-numbered cations decrease with the increasing cluster size, while those of the even-numbered clusters increase with the increasing cluster size. A sequential neutral dimer evaporation mechanism is demonstrated in the photodissociation of some cluster cations at high photon energies. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480119
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental and theoretical study of rotationally inelastic collisions of highly rotationally excited CN(A 2Π) with Ar (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 4474-4484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A collaborative experimental and theoretical study of rotationally inelastic collisions of CN(A 2Π,v=3,N=60) fine-structure Λ-doublet levels with argon is presented. Experimental state-to-state rate constants were determined with an optical–optical double resonance technique. The CN radical was prepared by 193 nm photolysis of BrCN diluted in slowly flowing argon at a total pressure of ∼0.9 Torr. Specific levels of CN(A 2Π,v=3,N=60) were prepared by excitation with a pulsed dye laser on various rotational lines in the A 2Π–X 2Σ+(3,0) band, and collisionally populated levels were probed after a short delay by laser fluorescence excitation in the B 2Σ+–A 2Π(3,3) band. Final state distributions (relative state-to-state rate constants) are reported. To calibrate their magnitude, absolute total removal rate constants and the large state-to-state rate constants for ΔN=−1 fine-structure conserving, Λ-doublet symmetry-conserving transitions were determined. The measured rate constants were compared with theoretical rate constants computed in a quantum scattering treatment of the dynamics with ab initio CN(A 2Π)–Ar potential energy surfaces. The agreement of measured and computed rate constants is very good. The rate constants display dramatic Λ-doublet propensities which depend upon the reflection symmetry of the initial level. From examination of coupled-state partial cross sections as a function of the projection quantum number specifying the angle of approach of the Ar atom to the CN plane of rotation, these propensities are shown to arise from a "helicopter" approach orientation which facilitates curve crossings between effective potential energy curves correlating with different rotational asymptotes. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481010
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonant two-photon ionization spectra of van der Waals complexes p, m, o-C6H4F2(centered ellipsis)NH3(ND3) (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 134-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have studied the resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) spectra of three van der Waals (vdW) complexes p, m, o-C6H4F2(centered ellipsis)NH3(ND3) through the S1←S0 transition with mass selectivity. The stretching frequencies of the three vdW complexes were found to be quite close (86 cm−1). From the photodissociation mechanism and the relationship between anharmonicity of the stretching vibration and the dissociation energy, we estimated the dissociation energies of all the three vdW complexes in the S0 and S1 states. A quantum ab initio calculation on p-C6H4F2(centered ellipsis)NH3 at the MP2/6-31G** level gave the following geometry: The N atom of NH3 is located on the symmetry axis (Z-axis) and 3.53 Å above the benzene ring; the C3 axis of NH3 is at an angle of 52.5° with the Z-axis of p-C6H4F2 with one of the hydrogen atoms pointing towards the benzene ring; the rotation of NH3 around the Z-axis is nearly free. The calculated bond dissociation energies and the expectation of internal rotation are consistent with our experimental results. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.479259
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser fluorescence excitation spectra of the AlNC and AlCN isomers (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 220-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new molecular electronic band system has been observed by laser fluorescence excitation in a free-jet supersonic expansion of photolyzed trimethylaluminum diluted in seed gases containing molecular nitrogen. The overwhelming majority of observed bands displayed the rotational structure of a 1Π←1Σ transition. The change in the rotational constant B″ of a band at 36 389 cm−1, assigned as the origin band, upon 15N substitution was consistent with the assignment of the molecular carrier as AlNC, and the value of B″ for the Al14NC(X˜ 1Σ+) isotopomer agreed with that previously determined by pure rotational spectroscopy. To carry out a vibrational assignment, resolved emission spectra were recorded for excitation of the ten strongest bands. With one exception, all these bands were found to involve excitation out of the ground vibronic level. Vibrational quantum numbers for the upper levels were assigned for most bands, and the upper state appears to be linear, with 1Π symmetry. A band at 28 754 cm−1, assigned to AlNC by Fukushima [Chem. Phys. Lett. 283, 337 (1998)], was also investigated. The lower-state vibrational spacings in its resolved emission spectrum were different than for the bands discussed above. Based on the rotational constants determined in a rotational analysis of this band, the molecular carrier of this transition is assigned as the isomer AlCN. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478097
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