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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trace co-attractants in synthetic sex lures for 22 noctuid moths (1982)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 94-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Trace components contributed significantly to the potency of synthetic sex attractant lures for males of many species of Noctuidae. Improved synthetic blends for 12 moths includingEuxoa ochrogaster andTrichoplusia ni, and new lure blends for 10 moths are described. In every case the trace constituents were structural analogs of the main lure components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01944547
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of chemical oviposition stimulants for the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, present in three species of Brassicaceae (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 53 (1989), S. 277-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Plant-insect interaction ; oviposition stimulant ; glucosinolate ; host-plant recognition ; diamondback moth ; Plutella xylostella ; Cruciferae ; Brassicaceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les produits chimiques trouvés dans trois espèces de crucifères cultivées, Brassica napus L., B. juncea (L.) Czerniak, et Sinapis alba L., qui stimulent l'oviposition chez la teigne des crucifères, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) ont été examinés. La partie aérienne des plants agés de 4 à 6 semaines a été extraite avec le methanol bouillant à 80%, le methanol pur, et l'éther. La concentration par filtration sur célite a donné comme resultat un ‘extrait aqueux’. Le materiel restant sur la célite a été dissout avec hexane pour donner un ‘extrait lipophillique’. L'extrait aqueux a été fractionné à l'aide de la chromatographie liquide sur échangeur d'ion pour donner trois fractions: neutre, cationique, et anionique. Les extraits et les fractions ont été ajustés à 1 g poids frais de tissu de plant par ml, appliqués sur du papier filtre, et exposés aux papillons femelles dans les essais de choix d'oviposition. L'oviposition a été stimulée fortement en présence de l'extrait aqueux, la fraction anionique, et quelque sous-fractions anioniques. Plus tard, il a été déterminé que ces derniers contenaient des glucosinolates. Chez les trois espèces de crucifères, les stimulants d'oviposition ont été identifiés comme étant des glucosinolates, que l'on retrouve dans toutes les espèces de crucifères. L'activité des extraits a été éliminée en grande partie par traitement avec myrosinase ou sulphatase, des enzymes qui dégradent spécifiquement les glucosinolates. Des standards de references des mêmes glucosinolates et aux même concentrations que dans les extraits ont eu également un effet stimulant. Un essai avec huit glucosinolates differentes à une concentration de 50 μg/ml appliquées sur du papier filter à 3.2 μg/cm2 a démontré que les papillons ne discriminent pas entre les glucosinolates possédant des chaines secondaires differentes. Par contre, dans les essais utilisant l'allylglucosinolate, la réponse d'oviposition a été dépendente de la dose. S. alba a semblé contenir un inhibiteur de l'oviposition, qui est retrouvé dans l'extrait aqueux mais non pas dans la fraction anionique.
    Notes: Abstract Plant chemicals in three cruciferous crop species, Brassica napus L., B. juncea (L.) Czerniak, and Sinapis alba L., that stimulate oviposition in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) were investigated in laboratory bioassays. Aerial portions of 4- to 6-week-old plants were extracted and fractionated using ion-exchange liquid chromatography. The oviposition stimulants were identified as glucosinolates, which are found in all Brassicaceae species. Activity of extracts was largely eliminated by treatment with myrosinase or sulphatase, enzymes which degrade glucosinolates. Reference standards of the same glucosinolates and in the same concentrations as in the extracts were equally stimulatory. A test with eight different glucosinolates demonstrated that the moths do not discriminate between glucosinolates with different side-chain structures. However, in tests using allylglucosinolate the oviposition response was dose-dependent. One of the species tested, S. alba, contained a possible oviposition deterrent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162859
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helianthus annuus pollen, an oviposition stimulant for the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 50 (1989), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Sunflower pollen ; Helianthus annuus ; oviposition stimulant ; oviposition ; fecundity ; antennectomy ; sunflower moth ; Homoeosoma electellum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les femelles de la pyrale du tournesol, Homoeosoma electellum ont pondu un total de 242.3±27.4 (X±SE) oeufs sur des sites de ponte faits de papier ciré et saupoudrés de pollen de tournesol cultivé. La fécondité a été significativement affectée par l'âge des individus au moment de l'accouplement, cependant la durée de l'accouplement n'a pas influencé la fécondité. Sous une cycle de 16L:8D, la ponte a eu lieu aussi bien en phase de lumière que de noirceur mais le pic de la ponte a eu lieu peu après le début de la scotophase. La fécondité des femelles à qui on a offert à chaque jour des sites de ponte traités avec un extrait de pollen à base d'éthanol à une concentration de 1 mg de pollen (124.2±22.8) n'a pas été significativement différente de celle obtenue sur des sites traités avec 1 mg de pollen (172.2±28.0). De plus, le nombre d'oeufs pondu a augmenté en fonction des différentes concentrations de pollen ou de l'extrait de pollen offertes simultanément. Cependant, lorsque différents sites de ponte ont été offerts simultanément, les femelles ont préféré le pollen 〉 le pollen reconstitué (extrait + pollen résiduel après l'extraction) = extrait de pollen 〉 pollen résiduel = papier ciré non traité (témoin). Ces données confirment que le pollen de tournesol contient des substances qui stimulent la ponte de H. electellum. Les femelles antennectomisées ont pondu autant d'oeufs sur des sites traités avec le pollen résiduel que sur ceux traités avec le pollen, ce qui indique que la plupart des sensilles impliquées dans la détection du stimulant de ponte se trouvent au niveau des antennes. Etant donné que la présence des oeufs déjà pondus n'inhibent pas les pontes subséquentes, l'importance de la charge de pollen, comme indice de la bonne qualité de la plante-hôte, est discutée en relation avec la survie des larves.
    Notes: Abstract Females of the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum, laid a total of 242.3±27.4 (X±SE) eggs when provided oviposition sites of wax paper dusted with pollen from cultivated sunflowers. Fecundity was influenced by the age at which mating occurred but not by the duration of mating. Eggs were laid during both the light and dark portions of a 16L:8D photoperiodic cycle, with an evident peak occurring shortly after the onset of the scotophase. The fecundity of females provided oviposition sites with a 1 mg equivalent of an ethanolic pollen extract daily (124.2±22.8) did not differ significantly from that of females provided 1 mg of pollen (172.2±28.0). Furthermore, the females showed the same positive dose dependent oviposition response where sites contained different concentrations of either pollen or pollen extract. However, when different oviposition substrates were provided simultaneously, females preferred pollen 〉 ‘reconstituted pollen’ (extract + pollen residue following extraction) = pollen extract 〉 pollen residue = wax paper control. These data confirm the presence of an oviposition stimulant for H. electellum in the sunflower pollen. Antennectomised females laid as many eggs on sites with pollen residue as on sites with pollen, indicating that the majority of sensillae for detecting the oviposition stimulant are located on the antennae. The importance of pollen load as an indicator of a suitable host plant, given that previous laid eggs do not inhibit subsequent oviposition, is discussed with respect to larval survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190129
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5,11-Dimethylheptadecane and 2,5-Dimethyl-heptadecane: Sex pheromone components of the geometrid moth,Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaiia (1991)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 78 (1991), S. 315-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01221418
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (Z,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate, sex pheromone ofEpinotia tedella clerck (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2457-2464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: (Z,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate ; pheromone ; sex attractant ; attraction inhibitors ; olfactory receptors ; Epinotia tedella ; Epinotia spp. ; Tortricidae ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate, a reported male attractant for several New World spp. ofEpinotia, was identified as the primary pheromone of femaleE. tedella (European spruce budmoth) through chemical analysis of pheromone gland washes, the electrophysiological study of male antennal receptor types, and field-trapping tests. The washes contained this compound at a level of approximately 0.4 ng per FE, along with a similar amount of the corresponding alcohol, (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-ol. Each compound activated its own specialized type of male receptor cell. No traces of stereoisomers or monoenes were found in the washes. In field-trapping tests conducted in stands of Norway spruce in southern Germany, (Z,Z)-7,9-do-decadienyl acetate as a single chemical proved highly attractive to maleE. tedella over a range of lure doses. The corresponding alcohol or aldehyde did not show attractivity; rather, in binary combinations with the primary pheromone, these compounds, and also the (E,Z)-7,9 stereoisomeric acetate, reduced captures. A 10∶1 blend of (E)-9- and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetates, reported as anE. tedella male attractant, did not reveal significant captures. No otherEpinotia spp. besidesE. tedella responded to the various 7,9-do-decadienyl test baits during this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020376
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attraction of sphingid moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) to 10,12-hexadecadienyl aldehydes and acetates: Evidence of pheromone components (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 931-942 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attractant ; pheromone ; 10,12-hexadecadienal ; 10,12-hexadecadienyl acetate ; Smerinthus jamaicensis ; Smerinthus cerisyi ; Paonias exceactus ; Paonias myops ; Pachysphinx modesta ; Hemaris diffinis ; Proserpinus flavofasciata ; Hyles gallii ; Hyles euphorbiae ; Sphinx vashti ; Sphinx drupiferarum ; Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A field survey of 10,12-hexadecadienyl alcohols, acetates, and aldehydes showed attraction to a wide range of sphingid moths. Data are presented showing the attraction ofSmerinthus jamaicensis, Smerinthus cerisyi, Pachysphinx modesta, Hemaris diffinis, andProserpinus flavofasciata to these compounds. Mass spectral, EAG, and EAD data show evidence for the presence of these dienes in female extracts ofS. cerisyi, Hyles gallii, andSphinx drupiferarum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020172
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and field testing of enantiomers of 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxydienes as sex attractants for geometrid moths (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2317-2339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; behavioral antagonist ; enantiomer ; (6Z,9Z,3S,4R)-epoxy-heptadecadiene ; (6Z,9Z,3R,4S)-epoxy-heptadecadiene ; (3Z,9Z,6S,7R)-epoxyheptadecadiene ; (6Z,9Z,3S,4R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; (6Z,9Z,3R,4S)-epoxy-nonadecadiene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Stereoselective syntheses of chiral C17 to C21 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxydienes were developed. Field tests of the enantiomerically enriched epoxides as components of synthetic sex attractant lures were carried out, and those with C17 and C19 chain lengths, particularly, were attractive to male moths of several species. Moths were usually specifically attracted by one of a pair of enantiomers, and the opposite enantiomer could actually be a behavioral antagonist. Males belonging to nine species of Geometridae were captured.Probole amicaria (Herrich-Schäffer) males were taken in traps baited with the mixture (6Z,9Z,3S,4R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene (6Z,9Z,3S,4R-epoxy-19∶H) + 3Z,9Z,6R,7S-epoxy-19∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H(9∶1∶8). Other species responding to the C19 compounds included (attractant components follow in parentheses);Sicya macularia (Harris) (6Z,9Z,3S,4R-epoxy-19∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H),Anavitrinella pampinaria (Guenée) (6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-19∶H + 3Z,9Z,6S,7R-epoxy-19∶H), andLycia ursaria (Walker) (6Z,9Z-3S, 4R-epoxy-19∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H). Males of the following species were captured byC 17 epoxides:Itame occiduaria (Packard) (6Z,9Z,3R,4S-epoxy-17∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-17∶H),Itame brunneata (Thunberg) (6Z,9Z,3S,4R-epoxy-17∶H),Epelis truncataria (Walker) (both enantiomers of 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-17∶H),Semiothisa ulsterata (Pearsall) (3Z,9Z-6S,7R-epoxy-17∶H), andS. signaria dispuncta (Walker) (3Z,9Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-17∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-17∶H). The interactions among enantiomers and regioisomers are discussed as a mechanism by which cross attraction between sympatric species is limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026941
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and field testing of female-produced sex pheromone components of the spring cankerworm,Paleacrita vernata Peck (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3393-3409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pheromone ; attractant ; 6(Z),9(Z)-nonadecadiene ; 3(Z),6(Z),9(Z)-nonadecatriene ; 3(Z),6(Z),9(Z)-eicosatriene ; 6(Z),9(Z)-cis-3 ; 4-epoxynonadecadiene ; Paleacrita vernata ; spring cankerworm ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; trap height ; behavioral antagonist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two sex pheromone components, 3(Z),6(Z),9(Z)-nonadecatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-19 ∶ H), and 3(Z),6(Z),9(Z)-eicosatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-20∶ H), have been positively identified, and a third component, 6(Z),9(Z)-nonadecadiene (6(Z),9(Z)-19 ∶ H) has been tentatively identified from abdominal tip extracts of female spring cankerworm moths,Paleacrita vernata Peck (Lepidoptera∶ Geometridae). The pheromone components were identified by a combination of gas chromatography, electroantennography, mass spectrometry, chemical tests, comparison with standards, and field testing. Only 3Z,6Z,9Z-20 ∶ H exhibited significant attractant activity when tested alone, and it was potentiated by the other two components. The attractive blend was an 8∶2∶1 ratio of 3Z,6Z,9Z-20∶H/3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H/6Z,9Z-19∶H. However, the two-component blend of 3Z,6Z,9Z-20 ∶ H and 6Z,9Z-19 ∶ H (8∶1 ratio) was as attractive as the three-component blend in further field tests. A series of related compounds, the diene monoepoxides available from epoxidation of C19 and C20 3Z,6Z,9Z-trienes, some of which have been found in the pheromone blends of other moth species, were tested as behavioral antagonists. The attraction of male moths to synthetic lures was suppressed by the addition of 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-nonadecadiene to the lures. Additional experiments were performed to determine the effects of lure dosage, trap height, and trap design on the numbers of male moths captured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (3Z,6Z,9Z)-Nonadecatriene and enantiomers of (3Z,9Z)-cis-6,7-Epoxy-nonadecadiene as sex attractants for two geometrid and one noctuid moth species (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2153-2166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attractant ; Geometridae ; Noctuidae ; Eufidonia convergaria ; Caripeta angustiorata ; Rivula propinqualis ; (3Z,6Z,9Z)-nonadecatriene ; (3Z,9Z)-(6R,7S)-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; (3Z,9Z)-(6S,7R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; (3Z,9Z)-cis-6,7-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sex attractants for the geometrid mothsEufidonia convergaria andCaripeta angustiorata, and the noctuid mothRivula propinqualis have been elucidated during field screening of a series of (3Z,6Z,9Z)-triene hydrocarbons (C17–22), and the racemic and enantiomerically enriched monoepoxydienes derived from those hydrocarbons. Biologically active compounds were identified by a combination of field testing of synthetic standards, electroantennography, and coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection.E. convergaria males were optimally attracted by a 1∶1 blend of (3Z,9Z)-(6S,7R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene (3Z,9Z-6S,7R-epoxy-19∶H); other abbreviations follow the same system) with (3Z,6Z,9Z)-nonadecatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H). The 6R,7S enantiomer of the epoxide had no apparent biological activity, either as an attractant or as a behavioral antagonist. Male moths also were attracted to blends of the C18 and C20 homologs of the triene and the epoxide. 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H and 3Z,6Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-19∶H were identified inE. convergaria female pheromone gland extracts. Males of the geometrid moth speciesC. angustiorata were attracted by a 1∶1 blend of 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H and enantiomerically enriched 3Z,9Z-6R,7S-epoxy-19∶H. Males of the noctuid mothR. propinqualis were attracted by an approximately 10∶1 blend of 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H and enantiomerically enriched 3Z,9Z-6S, 7R-epoxy-19∶H. The components were synergistic, with neither being attractive alone. The blend ratio was quite specific, as the attractiveness of blends decreased sharply on either side of the optimum ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026927
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    3Z,6Z,9Z-Trienes and unsaturated epoxides as sex attractants for geometrid moths (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2307-2316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex attractant ; behavioral antagonist ; 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; 3Z,9Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; 3Z,6Z,9Z-heptadecatriene ; 3Z,6Z,9Z-nonadecatriene ; Probole amicaria ; Sicya macularia ; Lomographa semiclarata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sex attractants for three species of geometrid moths were discovered during field screening of 3Z,6Z,9Z-trienes, and the racemic monoepoxydienes derived therefrom. MaleProbole amicaria moths were attracted to lure blends containing 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-nonadecadiene (6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-19∶H) with 3Z,9Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-19∶H. 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H was positively identified and 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-19∶H was tentatively identified in extracts of female pheromone glands by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Sicya macularia male moths were attracted by blends of 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H and 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-19∶H. The attractive response was strongly antagonized by small amounts of 3Z,9Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-19∶H, or by larger amounts of 3Z,6Z-cis-9,10-epoxy-19∶H.Lomographa semiclarata male moths were attracted by a variety of lures containing 3Z,6Z,9Z-17∶H as a major component. 3Z,6Z,9Z-17∶H was tentatively identified in a female pheromone gland extract by GC-EAD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026940
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