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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved program for searching and matching of X-ray powder diffraction patterns (1983)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 16 (1983), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Two major improvements have been made in the present program: (1) a so-called `substance-type discrimination' has been introduced into the searching process, which can reduce missearching remarkably; (2) a new method for quantitative intensity matching has been proposed and can give reasonable results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889883010146
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Citric acid cycle intermediates as ligands for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 429 (2004), S. 188-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The citric acid cycle is central to the regulation of energy homeostasis and cell metabolism. Mutations in enzymes that catalyse steps in the citric acid cycle result in human diseases with various clinical presentations. The intermediates of the citric acid cycle are present at micromolar ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02488
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three Dimensional Numerical Approach to Splitting Failure of Rock Discs (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 921-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Brazilian splitting tests have been commonly and widely used as a standardized testmethod on disc or cylinder specimens to measure the indirect tensile strength of rocks in miningengineering and other rock engineering. In this paper, a novel numerical code, 3D Rock FailureProcess Analysis code, was applied to implement the splitting tensile failure tests on rock discs. Theinfluences of the heterogeneity on stress distribution in rock are also discussed and the splitting failurepatterns of specimens subjected to Brazilian tests are simulated. The simulated splitting results ofrock discs were found quite realistic, which indicate that the rock failure analysis method is applicableand practical for the study of rock disc splitting failure
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.353-358.921.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Simulation on Fracture Formation on Surfaces of Bi-Layered Materials (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 993-996 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fracture formation on surfaces of bi-layered materials is studied numerically. A simplifiedtwo-layered materials model like growing tree trunk is present. This work is focused on patterns offractures and fracture saturation. We consider the formation of crack pattern in bark as an example ofpattern formation due to expansion of one material layer with respect to another. As a result of thisexpansion, the bark stretches until it reaches its limit of deformation and cracks. A novel numericalcode, 3D Realistic Failure Process Analysis code (abbreviated as RFPA3D) is used to obtainnumerical solutions. In this numerical code, the heterogeneity of materials is taken into account byassigning different properties to the individual elements according to statistical distribution function.Elastic-brittle constitutive relation with residual strength for elements and a Mohr-Coulomb criterionwith a tensile cut-off are adopted so that the elements may fail either in shear or in tension. Thediscontinuity feature of the initiated crack is automatically induced by using degraded stiffnessapproach when the tensile strain of the failed elements reaching a certain value. The different patternsare obtained by varying simulation parameters, the thickness of the material layer. Numericalsimulation clearly demonstrates that the stress state transition precludes further infilling of fracturesand the fracture spacing reaches constant state,i.e. the socalled fracture saturation. It also indicatesthat RFPA code is a viable tool for modeling fracture formation and studying fracture patterns
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.353-358.993.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Different Loading Modes on Rock Tensile Strength (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 2553-2556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A typical mechanical character of rock is that the tensile strength is far less than thecompressive strength. Meanwhile, the test data of tensile strength is very dispersive. Because thedirect tensile tests always result in failure due to the difficulty in clamping the rock sample, thesplitting test is used to determine the tensile strength of rock. There are four kinds of loading modesin the splitting test in actual laboratory test: angle pad splitting, round pad splitting, aclinic loadingplaten splitting, arc loading platen splitting. In this paper, the direct tensile test, the splitting test andthe influence of different loading modes on rock tensile strength were studied. In order to study thestress distribution, the progressive splitting failure process was numerically modeled under the fourkinds of loading cases by the Realistic Failure Process Analysis code (RFPA2D). Results show thatthe stress states under angle pad splitting, round pad splitting are similar to the stress states underdiametrical compressive state. Regarding that the round pad splitting test is easy to implement, andits numerical results are also stable relatively, the round pad loading mode was suggested to beadopted
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.353-358.2553.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Element Size on Rock Shear Strength and Failure Pattern by Rock Failure Progress Analysis (RFPA〈sup〉2D〈/sup〉) (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 297-300 (Nov. 2005), p. 2573-2578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Six types of numerical specimens containing two notches are set up to numericallyinvestigate the effect of element size on rock shear strength and failure pattern using RFPA2D (rock failure process analysis) code. These specimens are of the same geometrical dimension 180 mm×180 mm and have been discretized into 61×61, 122×122, 183×183, 244×244, 305×305, and 366×366 elements.The width of notches is about 2.95 (180/61) mm and the length is 45mm. The specimens are placed in a direct shear box. A lateral confining pressure with a value of 0.15MPa is invariably loaded in the vertical direction and an increasing horizontal displacement with 0.002mm/step is applied in the horizontal direction. The whole shear failure progress and associated stress field for the specimens are visually represented. Results show that the crack propagation is mostly influenced by the stress field in the vicinity of the notch tip, the required element size would be necessary in order to obtain good results. In general, for a coarse mesh, the stress field close to the notch tip can’t be represented accurately and shear strength obtained by such discretisation is slightly higher than the accurate value. For a fine mesh, the notch tip spreads through a relatively large number of elements and the stress field in vicinity of notch tip is well represented by the finite element approximation, therefore the failure pattern is consistent with real physical fracture mode
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/50/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.297-300.2573.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C5L2 is critical for the biological activities of the anaphylatoxins C5a and C3a (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 446 (2007), S. 203-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Complement-derived anaphylatoxins regulate immune and inflammatory responses through G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated signalling. C5L2 (also known as GPR77) is a relatively new GPCR thought to be a non-signalling receptor binding to C5a, on the basis of sequence information and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05559
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Simulation and Analysis on Crack Path Deviation in Brittle Solid (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 324-325 (Nov. 2006), p. 931-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ductile tearing of brittle solid with initial crack is studied numerically. This work isfocused on the simulation and analysis of crack path deviation for the respective configuration and thestudy of relation between crack length and the fracture resistance, and that the configuration offracture surface is also observed. The simulating tool is a novel numerical code, 3D Realistic FailureProcess Analysis code (abbreviated as RFPA3D). The simulating investigation has shown that thefracture resistance decreases with the increase of the angle between the crack ends and horizontaldirection. Due to heterogeneity of materials distribution, crack path deviation towards the softer zoneor elements is observed. The topography of the non-planar fracture surface has plotted. Concludingthe simulation made in the present study, the problem of crack extension in the brittle solid can behandled by RFPA3D. Fracture resistance can be predicted and the crack path deviation be simulated,if the model parameters have been carefully identified and the mesh design is adequate. So this workis beneficial to choose safe load-spots and predicate the direction of the crack path deviation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/52/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.324-325.931.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on the systematic optimization of capillary electrophoresis using a controlled weighted centroid variable size simplex algorithm (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 361 (1998), S. 419-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The systematic optimization of capillary electrophoretic separations using a dynamic scouting optimum method-controlled weighted centroid variable size simplex algorithm is described. The factors affecting the efficiency of the separation are simultaneously considered during the optimization procedures. The established optimization method is applied to amino acid separation by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with on-column indirect UV detection and to the separation of local anesthetics by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MECC) with on-column UV detection. The optimization procedures include the pH and the background absorption electrolyte (BGAE) concentrations together with the applied voltage in the CZE separation of amino acids. The pH, the SDS concentrations together with the percentage of methanol are considered in the MECC separation of local anesthetics. Two methods, i.e., the Long Coefficient and Uniform Design Table, are used to define the start vertexes during the optimization procedure and similar final experimental conditions for the separations are achieved. Thirteen native amino acids are baseline separated by CZE and 4 local anesthetics are satisfactorily separated by MECC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050917
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium distribution in fertilized and unfertilized ovules and embryo sacs of Nicotiana tabacum L. (1997)
    Springer
    Planta 202 (1997), S. 93-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Antimonate precipitation ; Calcium ; Embryo sac ; Fertilization ; Nicotiana (fertilization) ; Synergid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Potassium antimonate was used to localize Ca2+ in tobacco ovules from 0 to 7 d after anthesis in pollinated and emasculated flowers. Antimonate binds “loosely bound” Ca2+ into calcium antimonate; less-soluble forms are unavailable and free calcium usually escapes. Ovules are immature at anthesis. Abundant calcium precipitates in nucellar cells surrounding the micropylar canal. A difference between calcium in the two synergids emerges at 1 d, which is enhanced in pollinated flowers. The future receptive synergid accumulates more precipitates in the nucleus, cytoplasm and cell walls. After fertilization, micropyle precipitates diminish, and the ovule is unreceptive to further tube entry. In emasculated flowers 6 d after anthesis, ovular precipitates essentially disappear; however, flowers pollinated at 4–5 d and collected 2 d later largely restore their prior concentration of precipitates. Ovular precipitates occur initially in the nucellus, then the embryo sac, and finally the synergid and micropylar filiform apparatus. Possibility, calcium is released from the embryo sac, although no structural evidence of exudate formation was observed. Calcium precipitates in the ovule correlate with the ability of the ovule to be fertilized, suggesting that successful pollen tube entry and later development may require calcium of the class precipitated by antimonate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050107
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