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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue of Processes operates on the basis of a rigorous peer-review with a single-blind assessment and at least two independent reviewers, thereby ensuring a high quality final product. I would like to thank our reviewers, for providing the authors with constructive comments, and Editorial Board, for their professional advice that led to the final decision. I am sure that, in coming years, readers of this Special Issue will find the scientific manuscripts interesting and beneficial to their research.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; three-dimensional temperature field ; n/a ; forced convection ; RNG k-? model ; PIV measurements ; water friction loss ; flat plate ; horizontal ; optimization ; casson fluid ; finned tube ; plate-fin heat sink ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; plate heat exchanger ; partial heating ; thermo-diffusion ; HEN synthesis ; Keller-Box technique ; visualization experiment ; ice-cream ; modelling ; computational intelligence techniques ; canned motor ; boiling ; heat transfer ; operating condition ; vertical ; phase change ; flow distribution characteristics ; scraped surface heat exchanger ; heat flux ; numerical simulation ; aspect ratio ; orientation ; axisymmetric flow ; CACRS ; natural convection ; MINLP ; multi-slip ; ice storage ; viscosity ; axial piston pump ; crystallization ; multiphase flow ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-11-14
    Print ISSN: 0944-1344
    Electronic ISSN: 1614-7499
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-12-09
    Description: Mn-doped CeO2 flower-like microstructures have been synthesized by a facile method, involving the precipitation of metallic alkoxide precursor in a polyol process from the reaction of CeCl3·7H2O with ethylene glycol in the presence of urea followed by calcination. By introducing manganese ions, the composition can be freely manipulated. To investigate whether there was a hybrid synergic effect in CH4 combustion reaction, further detailed characteristics of Mn-doped CeO2 with various manganese contents were revealed by XRD, Raman, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, XPS, OSC, H2-TPR, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements. The doping manganese is demonstrated to increase the storage of oxygen vacancy for CH4 and enhance the redox capability, which can efficiently convert CH4 to CO2 and H2O under oxygen-rich condition. The excellent catalytic performance of MCO-3 sample, which was obtained with the starting Mn/Ce ratios of 0.2 in the initial reactant compositions, is associated with the larger surface area and richer surface active oxygen species.
    Print ISSN: 2090-9063
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-10-30
    Description: The conflict between increasing water demand and limited water resources has become a serious threat to oasis regions in China. Solutions to water scarcity have to curb overall water demands, especially reducing agricultural water use. Price control and quantitative control are the two most commonly applied policy instruments for water demand management. This paper used a bio-economic model (BEM) to examine the shadow price of water resources and to investigate farmers’ response to water demand management policies in water scarce regions based on a study in the Heihe River Basin in northwest China. The results indicate that farmers are not very responsive to changes in water price, because it is currently far below the shadow price of water resources in most irrigation zones. A reduction of agricultural water demand could occur only with a large rise in the water price. In comparison, a quantitative control measure is more effective at reducing water use. Concerning the effects on farm income, a price control will cost much more than a quantitative control to save the same volume of water. Hence, a water quota is a more suitable choice for the purpose of reducing agricultural water use, while minimizing farm income loss in the region of this case study.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a hypersonic compressible flow over a blunt wedge with fast acoustic disturbances in freestream is performed. The receptivity characteristics of boundary layer to freestream pulse acoustic disturbances are numerically investigated at Mach 6, and the frequency effects of freestream pulse wave on boundary layer receptivity are discussed. Results show that there are several main disturbance mode clusters in boundary layer under acoustic pulse wave, and the number of main disturbance clusters decreases along the streamwise. As disturbance wave propagates from upstream to downstream direction, the component of the modes below fundamental frequency decreases, and the component of the modes above second harmonic components increases quickly in general. There are competition and disturbance energy transfer between different boundary layer modes. The nose boundary layer is dominated by the nearby mode of fundamental frequency. The number of the main disturbance mode clusters decreases as the freestream disturbance frequency increases. The frequency range with larger growth narrows along the streamwise. In general, the amplitudes of both fundamental mode and harmonics become larger with the decreasing of freestream disturbance frequency. High frequency freestream disturbance accelerates the decay of disturbance wave in downstream boundary layer.
    Print ISSN: 1687-5966
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-5974
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018-05-25
    Description: Entropy, Vol. 20, Pages 404: Effect of a Roughness Element on the Receptivity of a Hypersonic Boundary Layer over a Blunt Cone Due to Pulse Entropy Disturbance with a Single Frequency Entropy doi: 10.3390/e20060404 Authors: Zhenqing Wang Mingfang Shi Xiaojun Tang Hongqing Lv Lidan Xu A high-order finite difference method was used to simulate the hypersonic flow field over a blunt cone with different height roughness elements. The unsteady flow field induced by pulse disturbances was analyzed and compared with that under continuous disturbances. The temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of disturbances in the boundary layer were investigated and the propagation of different disturbance modes in the boundary layer was researched through the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method. The effect of the roughness element on the receptivity characteristic of the hypersonic boundary layer under pulse entropy disturbances was explored. The results showed that the different mode disturbances near roughness in the boundary layer were enlarged in the upstream half of the roughness element and suppressed in the downstream half. However, the effect of roughness weakened gradually as the disturbance frequency increased in the boundary layer. A phenomenon of mode competition in the downstream region of the roughness element exited. As the disturbances propagated downstream, the fundamental mode gradually became the dominant mode. A certain promotion effect on the mode competition was induced by the roughness element and the effect was enhanced with the increase in the roughness element height.
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-4300
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Precipitation on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (TP) in southwestern China is subject to interactions between the complex and variable terrain and the sensitive climate. The regional climate is mainly affected by three circulations: westerlies, the South Asian monsoon, and the East Asian monsoon. Spatial and temporal variations in the rainy season onset were characterised based on daily precipitation from 106 meteorological stations on the TP from 1971 to 2015. Using the Theil–Sen Median trend analysis, Mann–Kendall test and mutation detection, the characteristics and reasons for the variations during the rainy season over the plateau over the past 45 years were investigated. The following results were obtained from the analysis: (1) There were obvious regional differences in the rainy season onset over the TP, and the rainy season began on the southeastern plateau and moved northwestward. (2) The TP rainy season underwent a significant mutation in approximately 1997, and following this mutation, the area affected by the delayed rainy season increased. (3) Against the background of global warming, the rainy season trend over the TP was advanced; however, there were still several multiple contiguous concentrated areas on the plateau. (4) Before the rainy season mutation, there were two centres of delayed precipitation on the plateau, which existed primarily due to their location at the end of the plateau water vapour transport channel. After the mutation, the number of delayed precipitation centres on the plateau increased to three and presented a spatially expanding trend, which may be related to the weakening trend in atmospheric circulation.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-08-23
    Description: The rare earth (RE = Eu and Tb) ions-doped α-Zr(HPO 4 ) 2 (ZrP) nanosheet phosphors were synthesized by direct precipitation method, and their structures and photoluminescence properties were investigated. The results of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the systems of ZrP:RE 3+ had similar nanosheet structure except with relatively larger interlayer spacing as compared with pure α-ZrP. Under the excitation of UV light, the ZrP:RE 3+ nanosheet phosphors showed red and green emission peaks corresponding to the 5 D 0 7 F 2 transition of Eu 3+ and the 5 D 4 7 F 5 transition of Tb 3+ , respectively. After Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ were co-doped in ZrP host, not only the red and green emission peaks were simultaneously observed, but also the luminescent intensity and fluorescence lifetimes of Tb 3+ were gradually decreased with the increase in Eu 3+ -doping concentration, which implied the energy transfer from Tb 3+ to Eu 3+ happened. It was deduced that the energy transfer from Tb 3+ to Eu 3+ occurred via exchange interaction. Through optimization to the samples, a nearly white-light emission with the color coordinate (0.322, 0.263) was achieved under 377 nm excitation. The ZrP:RE 3+ nanosheet phosphors may be a potential color-tailorable candidate for fabricating optoelectronic devices such as electroluminescence panels.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-12-18
    Print ISSN: 0178-2762
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0789
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0017-9310
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2189
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Elsevier
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