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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biological Invasions in South Africa (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Biodiversity. ; Conservation biology. ; Ecology . ; Evolution (Biology). ; Biotic communities. ; Plant diseases. ; Biodiversity. ; Conservation Biology. ; Ecology. ; Evolutionary Theory. ; Ecosystems. ; Plant Pathology.
    Description / Table of Contents: PART 1: BACKGROUND -- Chapter 1: Biological invasions in South Africa: An overview -- Chapter 2: A brief, selective history of researchers and research initiatives related to biological invasions in South Africa -- PART 2: BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA -- Chapter 3: The biogeography of South African terrestrial plant invasions -- Chapter 4:Invasive alien aquatic plants in freshwater ecosystems -- Chapter 5: Terrestrial Vertebrate Invasions in South Africa -- Chapter 6: Alien freshwater fauna in South Africa -- Chapter 7: Alien terrestrial invertebrates in South Africa -- Chapter 8: Biological invasions in South Africa’s offshore sub-Antarctic territories -- Chapter 9: Coastal invasions: The South African context -- Chapter 10: Pathogens of vertebrate animals as invasive species: Insights from South Africa -- Chapter 11: Biological invasions in South Africa’s urban ecosystems: Patterns, processes, impacts and management -- PART 3: DRIVERS OF INVASION -- Chapter 12: South Africa’s pathways of introduction and dispersal and how they have changed over time -- Chapter 13: The role of environmental factors in promoting and limiting biological invasions in South Africa -- Chapter 14: Biotic interactions as mediators of biological invasions: Insights from South Africa -- PART 4: IMPACTS OF INVASION -- Chapter 15:Impacts of invasions on terrestrial water resources in South Africa -- Chapter 16:The impact of invasive alien plants on rangelands in South Africa -- Chapter 17: An evaluation of the impacts of alien species on biodiversity in South Africa using different methods -- PART 5: MANAGEMENT OF INVASIONS -- Chapter 18: Biological invasion policy and legislation development and implementation in South Africa -- Chapter 19: More than a century of biological control against invasive alien plants in South Africa: a synoptic view of what has been accomplished -- Chapter 20:Analysing the risks posed by biological invasions to South Africa -- Chapter 21:The extent and effectiveness of alien plant control projects in South Africa -- Chapter 22: Experience and lessons from alien and invasive animal control projects carried out in South Africa -- Chapter 23: Biological invasions and ecological restoration in South Africa -- Chapter 24: The social dimensions of biological invasions in South Africa -- Chapter 25: Education, training and capacity building in the field of biological invasions in South Africa -- PART 6: NEW INSIGHTS -- Chapter 26: South Africa as a donor of naturalized and invasive alien plants to other parts of the world -- Chapter 27: South Africa as a donor of alien animals -- Chapter 28: Knowing-doing continuum or knowing-doing gap? Transferring research results to managers of biological invasions in South Africa -- Chapter 29: Biological invasions as a component of South Africa’s global change research effort -- Chapter 30: South Africa’s Centre for Invasion Biology: An experiment in invasion science for society -- PART 7: THE WAY FORWARD -- Chapter 31:Potential futures of biological invasions in South Africa.
    Abstract: This open access volume presents a comprehensive account of all aspects of biological invasions in South Africa, where research has been conducted over more than three decades, and where bold initiatives have been implemented in attempts to control invasions and to reduce their ecological, economic and social effects. It covers a broad range of themes, including history, policy development and implementation, the status of invasions of animals and plants in terrestrial, marine and freshwater environments, the development of a robust ecological theory around biological invasions, the effectiveness of management interventions, and scenarios for the future. The South African situation stands out because of the remarkable diversity of the country, and the wide range of problems encountered in its varied ecosystems, which has resulted in a disproportionate investment into both research and management. The South African experience holds many lessons for other parts of the world, and this book should be of immense value to researchers, students, managers, and policy-makers who deal with biological invasions and ecosystem management and conservation in most other regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIV, 975 p. 155 illus., 111 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030323943
    Series Statement: Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology, 14
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3
    DDC: 333.95
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Ecology and biogeography of pinus (2000)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK N 522-01-0533
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVII, 527 p.
    Edition: 1. ed.
    ISBN: 0521789109
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 3
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    Diversity and Distributions : A Journal of Biological Invasions and Biodiversity
    Oxford : Blackwell
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZS-112a
    ISSN: 1366-9516
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protocols for Restoration Based on Recruitment Dynamics, Community Structure, and Ecosystem Function: Perspectives from South African Fynbos (1999)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: South African fynbos ecosystems are under threat from alien plant invasions and transformations to alternative land uses. If large-scale habitat loss and species extinction are to be halted, restoration actions are urgently required. We postulate that by adopting an approach in which an understanding of community and ecosystem dynamics is applied to restoration practices, protocols can be developed which will lead to more efficient restoration. This understanding is based on a review of the relevant ecological literature, focusing on recruitment dynamics, community structure, and ecosystem function, which are particularly relevant to restoration. We develop a conceptual framework for restoration and apply our protocols to a case study area on the Cape Peninsula. Before ecological restoration can begin, the cause of transformation must first be removed or ameliorated. The next step is to ensure that the important ecological processes are functioning. We contend that a fully functioning community requires a good balance of the major growth-form, regeneration, and nutrient acquisition guilds. Fire is the natural disturbance event initiating recruitment in fynbos. It is, therefore, essential to either burn a site or provide fire-related germination cues in order to stimulate recruitment. Where guilds are under-represented, corrective reintroductions will further improve the long-term resilience of the restored community. Many taxa have persistent soil-stored seed banks, so it is important to conserve topsoil and optimize use of this local species pool. Seed dispersal distances are generally very short, and in highly transformed sites it will be necessary to reintroduce seed of the major guilds in order to restore community structure and functioning. Post-fire succession in fynbos begins with the full complement of species; species gradually die out from the vegetation according to their respective life spans. In order to stimulate germination and promote successful establishment, it is important to sow seed after fire or site clearing in late summer or autumn. Introducing seed or plants at a later stage in the succession is very likely to fail. Because of the localized distributions of many taxa, extreme care must be taken when selecting species for reintroduction if local gene pools are to be conserved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1999.72015.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential impacts of future land use and climate change on the Red List status of the Proteaceae in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Using spatial predictions of future threats to biodiversity, we assessed for the first time the relative potential impacts of future land use and climate change on the threat status of plant species. We thus estimated how many taxa could be affected by future threats that are usually not included in current IUCN Red List assessments. Here, we computed the Red List status including future threats of 227 Proteaceae taxa endemic to the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa, and compared this with their Red List status excluding future threats. We developed eight different land use and climate change scenarios for the year 2020, providing a range of best- to worst-case scenarios. Four scenarios include only the effects of future land use change, while the other four also include the impacts of projected anthropogenic climate change (HadCM2 IS92a GGa), using niche-based models. Up to a third of the 227 Proteaceae taxa are uplisted (become more threatened) by up to three threat categories if future threats as predicted for 2020 are included, and the proportion of threatened Proteaceae taxa rises on average by 9% (range 2–16%), depending on the scenario. With increasing severity of the scenarios, the proportion of Critically Endangered taxa increases from about 1% to 7% and almost 2% of the 227 Proteaceae taxa become Extinct because of climate change. Overall, climate change has the most severe effects on the Proteaceae, but land use change also severely affects some taxa. Most of the threatened taxa occur in low-lying coastal areas, but the proportion of threatened taxa changes considerably in inland mountain areas if future threats are included. Our approach gives important insights into how, where and when future threats could affect species persistence and can in a sense be seen as a test of the value of planned interventions for conservation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00997.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Niche-based modelling as a tool for predicting the risk of alien plant invasions at a global scale (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Predicting the probability of successful establishment of plant species by matching climatic variables has considerable potential for incorporation in early warning systems for the management of biological invasions. We select South Africa as a model source area of invasions worldwide because it is an important exporter of plant species to other parts of the world because of the huge international demand for indigenous flora from this biodiversity hotspot. We first mapped the five ecoregions that occur both in South Africa and other parts of the world, but the very coarse definition of the ecoregions led to unreliable results in terms of predicting invasible areas. We then determined the bioclimatic features of South Africa's major terrestrial biomes and projected the potential distribution of analogous areas throughout the world. This approach is much more powerful, but depends strongly on how particular biomes are defined in donor countries. Finally, we developed bioclimatic niche models for 96 plant taxa (species and subspecies) endemic to South Africa and invasive elsewhere, and projected these globally after successfully evaluating model projections specifically for three well-known invasive species (Carpobrotus edulis, Senecio glastifolius, Vellereophyton dealbatum) in different target areas. Cumulative probabilities of climatic suitability show that high-risk regions are spatially limited globally but that these closely match hotspots of plant biodiversity. These probabilities are significantly correlated with the number of recorded invasive species from South Africa in natural areas, emphasizing the pivotal role of climate in defining invasion potential. Accounting for potential transfer vectors (trade and tourism) significantly adds to the explanatory power of climate suitability as an index of invasibility.The close match that we found between the climatic component of the ecological habitat suitability and the current pattern of occurrence of South Africa alien species in other parts of the world is encouraging. If species' distribution data in the donor country are available, climatic niche modelling offers a powerful tool for efficient and unbiased first-step screening. Given that eradication of an established invasive species is extremely difficult and expensive, areas identified as potential new sites should be monitored and quarantine measures should be adopted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001018.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery of South African fynbos vegetation following alien woody plant clearing and fire: implications for restoration (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Austral ecology 25 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-9993
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The recovery of fynbos vegetation after invasion by dense stands of alien trees, and clearing by either ‘burn standing’, ‘fell and burn’, or ‘fell, remove and burn’ treatments, was investigated in two watersheds in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Native plant density, cover, functional and biological guilds and species richness were compared with matched control sites that were not invaded, but were burnt in the same fires. Species richness was lower for invaded sites compared to controls, at all scales measured (up to 2000m2). Species area curves for invaded sites did not converge with those of controls, indicating that lower richness at smaller scales was not compensated by increased species survival at a larger scale. Indigenous plant density and cover were lower for invaded sites compared to controls. Overall, treatment differences were non-significant, but the ‘burn standing’ treatment caused the least change to vegetation variables, and the ‘fell, remove and burn’ and ‘fell and burn’ treatments caused greater, similar changes. Changes to the guild structure of the recovering fynbos stands differed among treatments, and indicated that the ‘fell and burn’ treatment had the greatest negative effect on guild survival. In the ‘fell and burn’ treatment, which resulted in an exceptionally intense fire, only non-mycorrhizal graminoids (predominantly myrmecochores) persisted relatively well. Because of practical problems associated with the ‘burn standing’ and ‘fell, remove and burn’ treatments, managers often have little option but to apply the ‘fell and burn’ treatment. Our results illustrate the dangers of this, and highlight the need for intervention before areas become densely invaded. They also highlight the need for effective biological control agents to reduce rates of spread of aggressively invasive species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2000.tb00069.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Landscape fragmentation in South Coast Renosterveld, South Africa, in relation to rainfall and topography (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Austral ecology 25 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-9993
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The South Coast Renosterveld has been fragmented extensively by agriculture. The extent of this fragmentation in terms of overall habitat loss, fragment sizes and fragment numbers has not been described previously, thereby limiting the development of conservation strategies for this vegetation type. Patterns of renosterveld loss in three sectors along a west–east gradient were described using LANDSAT imagery and a Geographical Information System-based program (FRAGSTATS) for spatial pattern analysis. These patterns were then correlated with rainfall and topography measures, which are indicators of agricultural potential. Over 80% of the South Coast Renosterveld has been cultivated. Fragmentation levels increased significantly from east to west, with 33% of natural vegetation remaining in the east and only 4% in the west. Topographical variables were the strongest predictors of patterns of renosterveld loss, with fragments being largely confined to slopes too steep for ploughing; they therefore face little risk of future cultivation. These results have implications for conservation planning options for the South Coast Renosterveld. There is the potential for large reserves in the east, as well as corridor reserves along major river valleys, but for only small, isolated reserves in the west.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2000.01012.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pine invasions in the southern hemisphere: modelling interactions between organism, environment and disturbance (1998)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 135 (1998), S. 79-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Biological invasions ; Disturbance ; Environment-type ; Interactions ; Invasion theory ; Life-history attributes ; Pinus ; Spatially-explicit individual-based model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Current theories of plant invasion have been criticized for their limited heuristic and predictive value. We explore the heuristic and predictive potential of a model which explicitly simulates the mechanisms of plant invasion. The model, a spatially-explicit individual-based simulation, is applied to the invasion of pine trees (Pinus spp.; Pinaceae) in three vegetation types in the southern hemisphere. The model simulates factors which have been invoked as major determinants of invasive success: plant traits, environmental features and disturbance level. Results show that interactions between these determinants of invasive success are at least as important as the main effects. The complexity of invasions has promoted the belief that many factors must be invoked to explain invasions. This study shows that by incorporating interactions and mechanisms into our models we can potentially reduce the number of factors needed to predict plant invasions. The importance of interactions, however, means that predictions about invasions must be context-specific. The search for all-encompassing rules for invasions is therefore futile. The model presented here is of heuristic value since it improves our understanding of invasions, and of management value since it defines the data and models needed for predicting invasions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009760512895
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-linearities, synergisms and plant extinctions in South African fynbos and Australian kwongan (1996)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 5 (1996), S. 1035-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: non-linearities ; synergisms ; fynbos ; kwongan ; endemism ; extinction ; Proteaceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper explores the determinants of extinction of endemic plant taxa in mediterranean-climate regions in South Africa and southwestern Australia. Major threats to biodiversity in these areas include agriculture, deforestation, fragmentation, invasive alien organisms and urbanization. Case studies from the two regions show that synergisms between factors can lead to discontinuous, or non-linear, responses that have increased extinction rates (or threaten to) beyond predictions based on simple deterministic processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052714
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