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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partitioning of mirex between adipose tissue and serum (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 37 (1989), S. 692-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a025
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pentachlorophenol measurements in body fluids of people in log homes and workplaces (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 18 (1989), S. 475-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Human exposure to pentachlorophenol (PCP) was evaluated in the normal population (controls), residents of PCP-treated log homes, and persons exposed primarily in the workplace. Blood and urine samples were analyzed by gas chromatography after extraction and acetylation. For 34 controls, serum PCP values ranged from 15–75 ppb with a mean of 40 ppb. For 123 residents of log homes, serum levels ranged from 69–1,340 ppb with a mean of 420 ppb. In such homes, serum levels for children were significantly higher than those for parents, averaging 1.8 times greater. Serum and urine values for workers varied widely, depending on the workplace, with serum levels ranging from 26 to 84,900 ppb of PCP. Urinary concentrations when corrected for creatinine values correlated well (r=0.92) with serum concentrations. Coating PCP-treated logs of home interiors with a sealant reduced serum PCP levels in the residents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055012
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorinated hydrocarbon levels in human serum: Effects of fasting and feeding (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 18 (1989), S. 495-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twenty healthy adult humans had serum samples drawn on four occasions within a 24-hr period: after a 12 hr overnight fast, 4–5 hr after a high fat breakfast, at midafternoon, and the next morning after another 12 hr fast. Nonfasting samples had 22% to 29% higher mean concentrations (p 〈 0.05) than did fasting samples for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, 4.81 vs 3.74 ng/g serum wt), hexachlorobenzene (HCB, 0.163 vs 0.134 ng/g serum wt), andp,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE, 6.74 vs 5.37 ng/g serum wt) measured by electron capture gas liquid chromatography. Total serum lipids were estimated from measurements of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids and were 20% higher in nonfasting samples than in fasting samples (7.05 g/L vs 5.86 g/L). When PCBs, HCB, andp,p′-DDE concentrations were corrected by total serum lipids, results from fasting and nonfasting samples were not statistically different. Because of the differences in these chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations observed with different sample collection regimens, meaningful comparison of analytical results requires standardizing collection procedures or correcting by total serum lipid levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055015
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propagation of error and bias in half-life estimates based on two measurements (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 18 (1989), S. 508-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Limited data on toxic compounds in humans often necessitate that biological half-life estimates be based on only two measurements over a time interval, both of which are subject to analytical error. Propagation of error calculations and computer simulations were performed which showed that as the time interval gets shorter and/or the analytical error increases, the variability of the half-life estimate increases. Negative and large positive values create problems in computing the mean half-life and can lead to biases in that estimator. However, when negative values are considered equivalent to large positive half-lives, the median half-life has negligible bias even at large analytical coefficients of variation and measurement intervals much shorter than one half-life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055017
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in greater New Bedford, Massachusetts: A prevalence study (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 20 (1991), S. 410-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A study was conducted in the community of Greater New Bedford, Massachusetts, from 1984 through 1987 to assess the prevalence of elevated levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the serum of individuals aged 18 to 64 years who had resided in the area for at least 5 years. Eight hundred and forty subjects were interviewed, examined, and tested in a cross-sectional sample of the towns of Acushnet, Dartmouth, and Fairhaven and the city of New Bedford. Serum PCBs were measured to estimate the extent of human exposure. Because of documented environmental contamination by PCBs in the New Bedford area, and the practice of recreational fishing in the harbor for food, a significant number of persons with elevated serum PCB levels were expected to be identified. Instead, the prevalence of elevated serum PCBs in the sample was found to be typical of “unexposed” urban populations in the United States. Only 1.3% of the subjects had serum PCB levels greater than 30 ppb. The same percentage was observed among males (n =391) and females (n=449). The geometric means of PCB levels were 4.3 ppb among males (Range=0.50–60.9) and 4.2 ppb among females (Range=0.38–154). We conclude that the prevalence of elevated serum PCBs is low in the population of Greater New Bedford.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064412
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of folate in culture medium on common fragile sites in lymphocyte chromosomes from normal and leukemic children (1988)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 81 (1988), S. 9-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of common fragile sites at 69 bands was evaluated in 20 normal children and in 15 children with newly diagnosed acute leukemia using medium with folate (FA+) and without folate (FA-). As expected, the FA- medium significantly increased expression of aberrations in all study groups but the differences were larger for normal children than leukemic children. The major effect of the FA- medium was a generalized increase in aberration frequency over all sites rather than site-specific increases. A tendency toward clumping of aberrations within cells was exhibited in both media. Aberrations were seen at 81% (FA+) and 83% (FA-) of the 69 bands, with 4 sites -3p14, 6p21, 9q13, and 17q23 — recorded in most of the study individuals. In addition, 12 sites not previously recorded as common or rare sites had significant levels of expression in at least one study group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283720
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Terrestrial Carbon Dynamics: Case Studies in the Former Soviet Union, the Conterminous United States, Mexico and Brazil (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 1 (1997), S. 363-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Keywords: carbon flux ; land use ; former Soviet Union ; United States ; Mexico ; Brazil ; forests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Abstract This research assessed land-use impacts on C flux at a national level in four countries: former Soviet Union, United States, Mexico and Brazil, including biotic processes in terrestrial ecosystems (closed forests, woodlands, and croplands), harvest of trees for wood and paper products, and direct C emission from fires. The terrestrial ecosystems of the four countries contain approximately 40% of the world's terrestrial biosphere C pool, with the FSU alone having 27% of the global total. Average phytomass C densities decreased from south to north while average soil C densities in all three vegetation types generally increased from south to north. The C flux from land cover conversion was divided into a biotic component and a land-use component. We estimate that the total net biotic flux (Tg/yr) was positive (= uptake) in the FSU (631) and the U.S. (332), but negative in Mexico (−37) and Brazil (−16). In contrast, total flux from land use was negative (= emissions) in all four countries (TgC/yr): FSU −343; U.S. −243; Mexico −35; and Brazil −235. The total net effect of the biotic and land-use factors was a C sink in the FSU and the U.S. and a C source in both Brazil and Mexico.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MITI.0000027388.65532.60
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polynomial ordination: Field and computer simulation testing of a new method (1978)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 37 (1978), S. 129-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Bray-Curtis ; Coenocline ; Components analysis ; Non-linear ; Ordination ; Polynomial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Recent studies suggest problems resulting from using essentially linear ordination techniques on non-linear ecological data. A new non-linear method, termed polynomial ordination, was developed in response to these problems. Its effectiveness was compared to that of two standard techniques, Bray-Curtis ordination and principal components analysis, by testing with both simulated and field data. The original species axes are resolved into their principal components. If significant curvilinear relationships between principal components are present, new axes are defined along these curves. The coordinates of positions of the sample points along the axes are then determined. Using simulated data, the coordinates of the sample points on the first axis were compared to their coordinates on the original simulated gradient. Two statistics were used to evaluate how well the gradient was recovered. Of the methods tested, polynomial ordination best placed the samples in the correct order, although principal components analysis better recovered their absolute positions. Ordinations of vegetation samples along a Sonoran Desert bajada by all three methods suggested that soil particle size is a major environmental gradient affecting the species composition of the vegetation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00717647
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variation and annual fluctuation in granite outcrop plant communities (1989)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 80 (1989), S. 25-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Arenaria ; Competitive release ; Dominance shift ; Drought ; Sedum ; Senecio ; Southeastern USA ; Viguiera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Permanent quadrats in granite outcrop plant communities allowed us to monitor seasonal variation and annual fluctuation in community structure. Seasonal species turn-over was significant in communities on shallow soil, but not in communities on deeper soil where seasonal dominance shifts were common. Exceptional meteorological events appeared to mediate phenomena of competitive release in some island communities. A decrease in the abundance of Arenaria uniflora in Lichen-annual island communities, following a spring drought, was correlated with an increase in the abundance of Sedum smallii, a shallower-soil species. Richness in Annual-perennial island communities was higher in spring 1985 than in 1984 or 1986, and this occurred as the dominant species, Senecio tomentosus, temporarily declined in importance following a severe drought in late summer 1984. Significant annual fluctuation in the cover of Viguiera porteri could also be related to variations in the summer precipitation regime. Overall, plant responses to drought were individualistic and depended largely on the timing of these meteorological events in relation to the life-stages and/or the physiological status of the plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00049138
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Terrestrial carbon dynamics: Case studies in the former Soviet Union, the conterminous United States, Mexico and Brazil (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 1 (1997), S. 363-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Keywords: carbon flux ; land use ; former Soviet Union ; United States ; Mexico ; Brazil ; forests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Abstract This research assessed land-use impacts on C flux at a national level in four countries: former Soviet Union, United States, Mexico and Brazil, including biotic processes in terrestrial ecosystems (closed forests, woodlands, and croplands), harvest of trees for wood and paper products, and direct C emission from fires. The terrestrial ecosystems of the four countries contain approximately 40% of the world's terrestrial biosphere C pool, with the FSU alone having 27% of the global total. Average phytomass C densities decreased from south to north while average soil C densities in all three vegetation types generally increased from south to north. The C flux from land cover conversion was divided into a biotic component and a land-use component. We estimate that the total net biotic flux (Tg/yr) was positive (=uptake) in the FSU (631) and the U.S. (332), but negative in Mexico (-37) and Brazil (-16). In contrast, total flux from land use was negative (=emissions) in all four countries (TgC/yr): FSU -342; U.S. -243; Mexico -35; and Brazil -235. The total net effect of the biotic and land-use factors was a C sink in the FSU and the U.S. and a C source in both Brazil and Mexico.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464888
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