ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Electronic Resource

Phelan, P. L. ; Baker, T. C.

Springer

Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1291-1293

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1420-9071

Keywords: Sexual selection ; mate choice ; male pheromone ; mating success ; courtship ; Pyralidae

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary InEphestia elutella males, mating success is positively correlated with size. Experimental manipulation of males demonstrated that this is due to females actively discriminating against small males, the first direct evidence for female mate-choice in moths. Furthermore, this female preference is associated with increased fitness in that, by mating with larger males, females are more likely both to produce larger offspring and to increase their fecundity.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946428

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

2

Electronic Resource

Effect of physiological state and fungal inoculation on chemically modulated host-plant finding by Carpophilus hemipterus and Carpophilus lugubris (1991)

Blackmer, J. L. ; Phelan, P. L.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 61 (1991), S. 33-43

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1570-7458

Keywords: Carpophilus hemipterus ; Carpophilus lugubris ; wind tunnel ; host cues ; insect/fungal association

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Host orientation by Carpophilus hemipterus L. and Carpophilus lugubris Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) was investigated in a horizontal wind tunnel to ascertain if these species differ in their response to aseptic and fungal-inoculated hosts, and also to determine how age, nutritional status, diel period, and locomotory opportunity affect these behavioral responses. Both species responded to food odors beginning on Day 3 of adult life by walking upwind to the source; flight activity and flights to the odor source began for C. hemipterus on Day 4, but C. lugubris continued to walk to the source and rarely flew regardless of age. Both species displayed maximum response to food odors from 6 to 9 days after emergence and showed bimodality in host orientation during the photophase. C. hemipterus maintained with artificial diet took flight as frequently as when maintained with water only, as long as they were deprived of diet for 36 h before the test; however, after takeoff, beetles maintained with diet were less likely to fly to food odor in comparison to beetles maintained with water. C. lugubris maintained with diet until 36 h before the test displayed a reduction in walks upwind to sources of food odor compared to beetles maintained with water. Three hours of unrestricted locomotion under a high-pressure sodium lamp did not enhance upwind orientation to host odors by C. hemipterus maintained with diet or water, or by C. lugubris maintained with water; however, such preexposure to a sodium lamp resulted in reduced takeoffs in C. hemipterus maintained with artificial diet. Both species were attracted to all fruit and vegetable substrates offered; however, aseptic substrates were less attractive than were substrates inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen or Candida krusei (Castellani) Berkhout for C. lugubris. Despite the broad host range exhibited by these two nitidulid species, each responded to chemical cues from longrange (2.5 m), a trait once assigned to specialists.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367166

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

3

Electronic Resource

Comparative study of courtship in twelve phycitine moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (1990)

Phelan, P. L. ; Baker, T. C.

Springer

Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 303-326

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1572-8889

Keywords: courtship ; Phycitinae ; behavioral evolution ; male pheromones ; hairpencils ; behavioral analysis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The courtship behavior of 12 phycitine moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was studied using frame-by-frame analysis of video recordings. Behavioral transitions during courtship were quantified for selected species and kinematic diagrams of courtship sequences were constructed. Interspecific similarities in courtship behaviors were measured by calculating Euclidean distances between species based on 12 courtship characters and by clustering species according to UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages). The resulting phenogram revealed two major behavioral patterns in courtship: (1) interactive and (2) simple. The former was characterized by a complex sequence in which, typically, a male approached a pheromoneemitting female, engaged in a head- to- head posture with the female, and then brought his abdomen over his head and struck the female on the head and thorax. This action brought male abdominal scent structures into close proximity with the female antennae. The male then attempted copulation from the head- to- head position by a dorsolateral thrust of the abdomen toward the female genitalia. Males of these species possessed scent structures located either on the eighth abdominal segment, or in a costal fold of the forewing, or both. Courtship in the second group was much more prosaic. After locating the female by response to her sex pheromone, the male simply attempted copulation by lateral abdominal thrusts under the female wing, without behavioral embellishments. Males of species exhibiting simple courtship had either no scent structures or structures that appeared vestigial. The grouping of species based on courtship characters was poorly correlated with taxonomic relationships, suggesting that the selective pressures governing the evolution and maintenance of courtship and male pheromones were distinct from those involved in the evolution of other morphological characters. While we argue that the primary force molding the evolution of courtship was an adaptive response to interspecific mating mistakes, we do not believe that isolation is brought about by the sequence of courtship behaviors themselves, due to the striking similarity in the sequence across several diverse species. Rather, these behaviors act to deliver more efficiently the male pheromonal message, which mayhave evolved for reproductive isolation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052112

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

4

Electronic Resource

Information transmission during intra- and interspecific courtship inEphestia elutella andCadra figulilella (1990)

Phelan, P. L. ; Baker, T. C.

Springer

Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 589-602

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1572-8889

Keywords: Courtship ; information theory ; communication ; behavioral analysis ; Ephestia elutella ; Cadra figulilella

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Using information theory, courtship posturing in the moths Ephestia elutella(Hübner) and Cadra figulilella(Gregson) was analyzed for information transmission, which was partitioned into autocovariability (intraindividual transmission) and cross-covariability (interindividual transmission). This two-factor analysis was sufficient to account for more than 60% of the behavioral variance in males of E. elutellaand in both sexes of C. figulilelladuring intraspecific courtships; however, there were large residual variances in the behavior of male and female C. figulilelladuring interspecific courtships and in E. elutellafemales during both inter- and intraspecific courtships. In E. elutella,significant levels of transmission were attributable to both inter- and intraindividual effects, whereas in C. figulilella,only autocovariability was high and no interindividual communication could be assigned to courtship postures. Although courtship in these two species was qualitatively very similar and males readily courted nonconspecific females, high levels of reproductive isolation resulted from courtship. Male C. figulilellahad 94% fewer copulations with E. elutellafemales than with conspecific females and E. elutellamales had 78% fewer copulations with C. figulilellafemales than with conspecifics. These reductions were due to a differential response in both females and males, causing inter-specific courtships to be terminated much earlier than intraspecific courtships. This discrimination indicates that interindividual communication was indeed occurring during courtship and was only partially measured by analysis of postures. Thus, communication took place largely in some other modality, most likely the chemical modality, where species specificity is suggested for both male and female pheromones.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052330

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

5

Electronic Resource

Interaction between visual and olfactory stimuli during host-finding by leafhopper,Dalbulus maidis (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) (1990)

Todd, J. L. ; Phelan, P. L. ; Nault, L. R.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2121-2133

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1573-1561

Keywords: Leafhopper ; Dalbulus maidis ; Homoptera ; Cicadellidae ; hostfinding ; maize ; visual ; olfactory ; synergism ; pest

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract Virtually nothing is known about the role plant volatiles play in host-finding by Homoptera in the Suborder Auchenorrhyncha. In laboratory bioassays, we examined the influence of plant volatiles on orientation and postcontact behaviors of the leafhopper,Dalbulus maidis, and determined the relationship between visual and olfactory stimuli during host-finding. When compared to the number of contacts made with reflected green light in the presence of a hexane control,D. maidis made more contacts when exposed to volatile extracts from its preferred host, maize; a similar number of contacts when exposed to volatiles from a marginal host, gamagrass; and fewer contacts when exposed to volatiles from a nonhost, sorghum. There was no difference between males and females in the number of contacts made with green light when exposed to maize volatiles compared to hexane alone. More contacts were made with green light than with white light of similar intensity, both in the presence and in the absence of olfactory stimuli; however, maize volatiles acted as a Synergist by increasing the number of contacts leafhoppers made with green light. After contacting the green light, exposure of maize volatiles significantly increased, relative to hexane, the amount of stationary time, but did not influence the amount of time spent moving, the distance traveled, or the speed while moving when within the boundaries of the green light. This study provides the first evidence for an interaction between visual and olfactory stimuli during host-finding for a leafhopper and also for olfactory mediation of postcontact behaviors not associated with feeding.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026924

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

6

Electronic Resource

Chemical identification and behavioral characterization of male wing pheromone ofEphestia elutella (Pyralidae) (1986)

Phelan, P. L. ; Silk, P. J. ; Northcott, C. J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 135-146

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1573-1561

Keywords: courtship pheromone ; wing pheromone ; male pheromone ; Ephestia elutella ; Pyralidae ; phytol ; γ-decalactone ; γ-undecalactone

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract Behavioral and chemical evidence is presented for the identity of the male wing pheromone ofEphestia elutella (Hübner) and the role of this pheromone in courtship success is evaluated. Males with the forewing removed experienced a mating success rate less than half of that of either intact males or males that had only the wing gland area remaining of their forewings. GC-MS analysis and microchemical reactions indicated the presence of (E)-phytol and a series of saturated γ-lactones in a methylene chloride extract of the wings. Using an assay of female courtship behavioral response, (E)-phytol was found to evoke an intermediate level of response in females when presented alone, while the complete array of insect-derived γ-lactones produced no significant response. The combination of either γ-decalactone or γ-undecalactone with (E)-phytol in a 1∶2 ratio, however, elicited a female response equivalent to that produced by the unfractionated wing extract.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045597

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

7

Electronic Resource

Identification and bioassay of sex pheromone components of carob moth,Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (1991)

Baker, T. C. ; Francke, W. ; Millar, J. G. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1973-1988

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1573-1561

Keywords: Flight tunnel ; gas chromatography-electrophysiology ; mass ; spectrometry ; aldehydes ; (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal ; (Z,E)-9,11-tetra-decadienal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenal ; pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract Three sex pheromone components of the carob moth were isolated and identified from the extract of female pheromone glands, using a variety of techniques including coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic recordings, coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, microozonolysis, electroantennographic assays of monounsaturated standards, wind-tunnel bioassays, and field trials. The major component was identified as (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal, a novel lepidopterous pheromone component structure. Two minor components, either one of which improves the upwind flight response of males when blended with the major component, were identified as (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienal, and (Z)-9-tetra-decenal.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992582

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

8

Electronic Resource

Orientation of the leafhopper,Dalbulus maidis (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), to different wavelengths of reflected light (1990)

Todd, J. L. ; Phelan, P. L. ; Nault, L. R.

Springer

Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 567-571

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1572-8889

Keywords: leafhopper ; behavior ; host-finding ; orientation ; wavelength

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052019

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

9

Electronic Resource

Behavior of Carpophilus hemipterus in a vertical flight chamber: transition from phototactic to vegetative orientation (1991)

Blackmer, J. L. ; Phelan, P. L.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 58 (1991), S. 137-148

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1570-7458

Keywords: Carpophilus hemipterus ; flight chamber ; flight behavior ; host orientation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le comportement de vol libre de C. hemipterus L. a été examiné dans une chambre à vent verticale pour déterminer la tendance au vol après l'émergence et observer l'influence de l'odeur d'aliments sur le vol phototactique. Une lampe à haute pression de sodium induit une réponse de col phototactique, qui débute le 3e jour et reste puissante jusqu'au 8e jour. La majorité des vols phototactiques duraient moins de 15′ pour les mâles (73%) et les femelles (85%), mais pouvait se prolonger jusqu'à 100′. Les femelles nourries sur régime artificiel présentaient la plus forte proportion de vol dépassant 35′. Cependant, les adultes maintenus exclusivement en présence d'eau ont présenté un niveau d'activité de vol encore supérieur. Une tendance au vol à périodicité quotidienne bimodale a été notée avec un petit pic d'activité à 14–10 heures avant la scotophase et un grand pic durant 4 heures, de 3 heures avant la scotophase à une heure après le début de la scotophase. Après une période de vols verticaux, les réactions photocinétiques et phototactiques ont diminué, et l'instabilité des vols augmenté comme en a témoigné la diminution du taux total d'ascensions et l'accroissement de la variabilité de ce paramètre et des déplacements horizontaux. L'introduction d'odeurs d'aliments pendant le vol phototactique provoque une diminution immédiate du taux d'ascension et conduit généralement à un atterrissage indépendamment du temps antérieur de vol. Quand l'odeur était supprimée le décollage avait lieu et l'insecte retrouvait sont taux antérieur d'ascension. Quand la même odeur d'aliment a été réintroduite à répétition pendant le même vol, il n'y a pas eu d'effets cumulatifs apparents. Par opposition avec d'autres insectes présentant un véritable comportement migrateur pour lesquels la désinhibition des réactions végétatives ne se produit qu'après une longue période de locomotion continue, le vol de C. hemipterus est mieux caractérisé comme un comportement de prospection pour lequel les aliments inhibent immédiatement la dispersion.

Notes: Abstract The freeflight behavior of Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) was investigated in a vertical flight chamber to measure takeoff propensity relative to beetle age and to determine the effect of food odors on phototactic orientation. A high-pressure sodium lamp presented from above induced a phototactic flight response, especially in beetles 3–7 days old. The majority of phototactic flights lasted less than 15 min for both males (73%) and females (85%), but ranged up to 100 min. A bimodal periodicity in flight propensity was recorded during the photophase with a small peak in activity occurring 14–10 h prior to scotophase and a large 4 h peak occurring from 3 h prior to scotophase to 1 h after when the onset of scotophase would normally have occurred. Beetles maintained with water as adults usually displayed higher levels of flight activity than did beetles maintained with artificial diet. After a period of vertical flight, photokinetic and phototactic response declined, and flight instability increased, as indicated by an overall decrease in the mean rate of climb, accompanied by an increase in the variability of this measure and an increase in horizontal displacement.When food odor (apple cider vinegar) was introduced the rate of climb dropped rapidly and beetles usually landed regardless of how long they had been in flight. When the food odor was removed, takeoff occurred and the beetle returned to its previous rate of climb. When food odor was repeatedly introduced during the same flight, there was no apparent cumulative effect, and each time it was removed, the beetle re-initiated phototactic flight. Unlike true migratory flight in which response to vegetative cues is temporarily inhibited until the insect has engaged in a period of phototactic flight, C. hemipterus flight could be better characterized as extended foraging in which phototactic flight is readily interrupted by encounters with food odor.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164938

Permalink