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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Violent advertising in fashion marketing (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of fashion marketing and management 8 (2004), S. 96-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1361-2026
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this study, violent advertising is discussed. An empirical study, using picture analysis, is carried out. The intent of the advertisers' message is compared with the interpretation of a male and a female consumer group. It is concluded that the consumers' interpretations not are the ones that the advertisers had intended. The violence was interpreted in a much more negative way than expected. It is also concluded that there are differences in interpretations between men and women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13612020410518727
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recombining germline-derived CDR sequences for creating diverse single-framework antibody libraries (2000)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature biotechnology 18 (2000), S. 852-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] We constructed a single-chain Fv antibody library that permits human complementarity-determining region (CDR) gene fragments of any germline to be incorporated combinatorially into the appropriate positions of the variable-region frameworks VH-DP47 and VL-DPL3. A library of 2 × 109 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/78458
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demethylation of the Plant Œstrogen Biochanin A in the Rat (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 192 (1961), S. 358-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Very little is known about the metabolic transformations of these compounds. Biochanin A was found to be demethylated to genistein by the influence of rumen micro-organisms2. The present investigation has been undertaken with the aim of studying the metabolism of biochanin A in rats. The compound ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/192358a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Knowledge Production and Knowledge Flows in the Swedish Biotechnology Innovation System (2000)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 48 (2000), S. 179-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract As a basis for policy decisions, governments are increasingly using analysis of systems of innovation. Fundamental to the systems of innovation approach is the recognition that innovation processes essentially are interactive activities. The present paper illustrates the use and limitations of bibliometries in analysing the knowledge production and knowledge flows in a section of an innovation system focusing on life science subject fields relevant to innovation processes in biotechnology. Bibliometrics can in this context be used to identify the actors in a research intensive innovation system, the scientific profiles of actors as well as identifying networks and collaboration patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005644705175
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate of intraocular chromaffin cell suspensions: role of initial nerve growth factor support (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 487-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal medulla ; Chromaffin cells ; Nerve growth factor (NGF) ; Cell suspension ; Intraocular grafts ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adrenal medullary tissue from adult rats was dissociated into cell suspensions and injected into the anterior chamber of the eye, where the cells were made to attach to the previously sympathectomized irides with the use of fibronectin. Short- and long-term survival of the chromaffin cells was examined in whole mounts of irides using Falck-Hillarp fluorescence histochemistry or indirect immunohistochemistry with antibodies against adrenaline and dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH). After 6 days in oculo all cells were immunoreactive for adrenaline; almost none displayed processes even if β-nerve growth factor (NGF) was given at grafting. One month after weekly intraocular injections of NGF, many cells were surrounded by nerve fiber net-works and all cells were DBH-immunoreactive. Eight months postgrafting and 7 months after the last injection of NGF almost the entire iris was reinnervated and resembled a normal, sympathetically innervated iris. Both at 1 and 8 months, chromaffin cells, ganglion cells and transitional cell forms (chromaffin cells transforming towards ganglion-like cells) were found in irides from the NGF-treated eyes. The number of ganglion cells was remarkably increased with time by NGF, while the number of chromaffin cells decreased compared to controls. A single treatment with NGF at grafting had no marked effects as examined up to 3 months; at this time there was a certain outgrowth of nerve terminals, which, however, was not as pronounced as 1 month after repeated NGF injections. In conclusion, it is shown that some cells in a chromaffin cell suspension attach to the iris, transform to ganglion cells after an induction with exogenous NGF, and reinnervate the sympathically denervated iris. Such cells remain ganglion-like in character and continue to form processes even after cessation of exogenous NGF treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226498
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fibronectin and the basement membrane components laminin and collagen type IV influence the phenotypic properties of subcultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells differently (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle cells ; Phenotype ; Fibronectin ; Laminin ; Collagen type IV ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A substrate of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin has previously been found to promote the modulation of freshly isolated rat aortic smooth muscle cells from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype early in primary culture. In contrast, substrates of the basement membrane proteins laminin and collagen type IV were found to retain the cells in contractile phenotype. Here, we have studied whether rat aortic smooth muscle cells that have already adopted a synthetic phenotype are also affected differently by these proteins. For this sake, subcultured cells were detached with trypsin, seeded on substrates of either fibronectin or laminin plus collagen type IV, and incubated in a serum-free medium for one to three days. RNA blot and immunoblot analyses indicated that cells grown on laminin plus collagen type IV expressed smooth muscle α-actin transcripts and protein at higher levels than cells grown on fibronectin. Moreover, immunocytochemical and electron-microscopic analyses revealed that cells positively stained for smooth muscle α-actin and cells with a cytoplasm dominated by large microfilament bundles were more numerous on laminin plus collagen type IV than on fibronectin. Finally, thymidine autoradiography showed that the DNA synthetic response to stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor or serum was weaker in cells grown on laminin plus collagen type IV than in cells grown on fibronectin. These findings confirm the notion that a substrate of laminin and collagen type IV stimulates the in vitro expression of differentiated smooth muscle traits at a higher level than does a substrate of fibronectin. In addition, this effect appears to be independent of the phenotypic state of the cells at the time of seeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306112
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fibronectin and the basement membrane components laminin and collagen type IV influence the phenotypic properties of subcultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells differently (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Smooth muscle cells – Phenotype – Fibronectin – Laminin – Collagen type IV – Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A substrate of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin has previously been found to promote the modulation of freshly isolated rat aortic smooth muscle cells from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype early in primary culture. In contrast, substrates of the basement membrane proteins laminin and collagen type IV were found to retain the cells in a contractile phenotype. Here, we have studied whether rat aortic smooth muscle cells that have already adopted a synthetic phenotype are also affected differently by these proteins. For this sake, subcultured cells were detached with trypsin, seeded on substrates of either fibronectin or laminin plus collagen type IV, and incubated in a serum-free medium for one to three days. RNA blot and immunoblot analyses indicated that cells grown on laminin plus collagen type IV expressed smooth muscle α-actin transcripts and protein at higher levels than cells grown on fibronectin. Moreover, immunocytochemical and electron-microscopic analyses revealed that cells positively stained for smooth muscle α-actin and cells with a cytoplasm dominated by large microfilament bundles were more numerous on laminin plus collagen type IV than on fibronectin. Finally, thymidine autoradiography showed that the DNA synthetic response to stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor or serum was weaker in cells grown on laminin plus collagen type IV than in cells grown on fibronectin. These findings confirm the notion that a substrate of laminin and collagen type IV stimulates the in vitro expression of differentiated smooth muscle traits at a higher level than does a substrate of fibronectin. In addition, this effect appears to be independent of the phenotypic state of the cells at the time of seeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306112
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling between inositol phosphate formation and DNA synthesis in smooth muscle cells stimulated with neurokinin A (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 137 (1988), S. 141-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The two mammalian neuropeptides substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) have been demonstrated to stimulate DNA synthesis in connective tissue cells, suggesting that peripheral neurons may play a role in development and tissue regeneration. In this study we have tried to identify intracellular messengers required for SP- and NKA-induced DNA synthesis. SP and NKA, as well as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulated formation of inositol phosphates in smooth muscle cells (SMC), whereas no effect on inositol phosphates formation occurred in response to nonmitogenic neuropeptides. Pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin markedly decreased DNA synthesis induced by NKA. This toxin inhibits formation of inositol phosphates by acting on a regulatory G-protein. Calcium and calmodulin antagonists also inhibited NKA-induced DNA synthesis. These results imply that the mitogenic signal(s) produced by activated neuropeptide receptors involves formation of inositol phosphate and activation of a calcium/calmodulin dependent process. We further report that other neuropeptides occurring in peripheral neurons, i.e., vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, or cholecystokinin, are without growth-stimulatory effect on cultured SMC.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041370117
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular distribution of the c-fos antigen during the cell cycle (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 143 (1990), S. 475-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The subcellular localization of the c-fos proto-oncogene product was studied in the G1, S, G2, and mitotic phases of the cell cycle by indirect immunofluores-cence. For these analyse c-fos transfected L6J1 rat skeletal myoblasts and adult rat aortic smooth muscle cells in secondary culture, and c-fos- and c-myc co-transfected mouse Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts were used. During G1, S, and G2, the c-fos protein was evenly distributed in the nucleus, with exclusion of the nucleoli. In mitotic prophase the c-fos antigen was dissociated from the condensed chromosomes and became diffusely distributed in the cell cytoplasm, where it remained until telophase, when, again, it appeared to be associated with chromatin in the re-assembling nucleus. When comparing the subnuclear distribution of the c-fos product with that of densely packed DNA, stained with the fluorochrome Hoechst, an inverse relationship was found. Dispersed chromatin regions with weak Hoechst DNA fluorescence showed a stronger fos immunofluorescence than regions that contained a higher concentration of DNA. The localization of c-fos antigen partially overlapped with that of antigens typical of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes participating in transcription and splicing.To examine if the c-fos protein would bind preferentially to specific interphase chromosomes the nucleus was fragmented into micronuclei containing single, or groups of, chromosomes. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the majority of micronuclei were fos-positive. Possible roles of the c-fos proto-oncogene product are discussed in relation to other nuclear antigens.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041430311
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adenosine receptors, cyclic AMP accumulation, and DNA-synthesis in aortic smooth muscle cell cultures of adult and neonatal rats (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 151 (1992), S. 555-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of two adenosine analogs on cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation and DNA synthesis were studied in cultured smooth muscle cells (SMCs) isolated from adult and neonatal rat arteries. N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine (NECA) dosedependently increased intracellular cAMP levels and appeared to be more potent in adult than in neonatal SMCs. R-phenylisopropyl adenosine (R-PIA), in nanomolar concentrations, counteracted the increase in cAMP evoked by 10 μM forskolin in adult but not in neonatal SMCs, indicating that the enhanced “A2” response seen in adult SMCs was not due to a lack of “A1” receptors in these cultures. Binding experiments performed using the adenosine antagonist XAC did not reveal any differences in the number or affinity of the adenosine receptors between neonatal and adult SMCs. This indicates effects presumably on the G-protein level. A high capacity to spontaneously synthesize DNA and a weak response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were seen in the neonatal SMCs. Furthermore, NECA had no effect on PDGF-induced DNA synthesis in these cells. In contrast, adelt SMCs presented a low rate of spontaneous DNA synthesis and a marked proliferative response to PDGF, which was inhibited by NECA. This inhibition paralleled the increase in cAMP elicited by NECA. Our findings suggest that neonatal and adult SMCs differ both in their response to growth factors and growth inhibitors. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041510315
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