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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitation of N-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)glyoxylhydroxamic acid, a reactive intermediate in reactions of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 51 (1986), S. 3542-3545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00368a029
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analogs of the cyclic hydroxamic acid 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA): decomposition to benzoxazolinones and reaction with .beta.-mercaptoethanol (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 56 (1991), S. 1788-1800 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00005a025
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the effect of hydroxamic acids from wheat on five species of cereal aphids (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 74 (1995), S. 115-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: wheat ; aphids ; hydroxamic acids ; DIMBOA ; DIMBOA-glucoside ; EPG ; electrical penetration graph ; feeding deterrents ; antixenosis ; plant resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Feeding behaviour of five species of cereal aphids in wheat seedlings differing in hydroxamic acid (Hx) levels, was monitored via electrical penetration graphs (EPG). Aphid species could be grouped as sensitive to the feeding deterrent effect of Hx in the seedlings (Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum, Sitobion avenae, andMetopolophium dirhodum) or insensitive to them (Rhopalosiphum maidis). However, when feeding behaviour was studied in artificial diets containing Hx, all species were equally sensitive to Hx. The behavour ofR. maidis was further compared with that ofR. padi through detailed EPG analysis. It was found that the insensitivity ofR. maidis to Hx in seedlings may be due to a feeding strategy avoiding contact with the compounds by decreasing the number of cellular punctures in live tissues other than sieve elements during its way to the phloem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383002
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Odour communication ofRhopalosiphum padi on grasses (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 76 (1995), S. 325-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: aggregation ; spacing ; odours ; cereals ; Homoptera ; Aphididae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382998
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of wheat resistance, the parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi, and the entomopathogenic fungus Pandora neoaphidis, on population dynamics of the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae (2000)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 97 (2000), S. 109-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Sitobion avenae ; Aphidius rhopalosiphi ; Pandora neoaphidis ; Entomophthorales ; tritrophic effects ; wheat resistance ; natural enemies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) resistance, the parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphiDe Stephani-Perez (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the entomopathogenic fungus Pandora neoaphidis(Remaudière et Hennebert) Humber (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) on the density and population growth rate of the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae(F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was studied under laboratory conditions. Partial wheat resistance was based on hydroxamic acids, a family of secondary metabolites characteristic of several cultivated cereals. The partial resistance of wheat cultivar Naofén, the action of the parasitoid and the joint action of the parasitoid and fungus, reduced aphid density. The lowest aphid densities were obtained with the combination of the parasitoid and the fungus, but wheat resistance under these circumstances did not improve aphid control. Significant reductions of population growth rate (PGR) of aphids were obtained with the joint action of wheat resistance and natural enemies. In particular, the combined effects of parasitoids and fungi showed significantly lower PGR than the control without natural enemies in both wheat cultivars. Our results support the hypothesis that wheat resistance and the utilization of biological control agents could be complementary strategies in an integrated pest management program against cereal aphids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004048600899
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular markers to differentiate two morphologically-close species of the genus Sitobion (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 92 (1999), S. 217-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Sitobion avenae ; Sitobion fragariae ; RAPD ; PCR ; microsatellites ; mtDNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A set of molecular markers to differentiate the aphid (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) species Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) from Sitobion fragariae (Walker), is presented. These markers correspond to (1) a region of the mitochondrial DNA, (2) five species-specific RAPD banding patterns and (3) four microsatellite loci. Each of the markers was able to clearly distinguish between the species. The utility of each molecular marker is discussed. Mitochondrial DNA is best applicable to species determination and relative abundance, RAPDs to the evaluation of genetic diversity, and microsatellites to the assessment of the population genetic structure; the combined use of mtDNA with the other techniques can be of importance when the presence of hybrids is suspected, and RAPDs with microsatellites are best used together in population genetics and host preference studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003855919065
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salivation into sieve elements in relation to plant chemistry: the case of the aphid Sitobion fragariae and the wheat, Triticum aestivum (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 91 (1999), S. 111-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: sieve element ; salivation ; aphid ; plant resistance ; wheat ; Sitobion fragariae ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Extended sieve element salivation (E1 waveform in the electrical penetration graph) is a characteristic activity during early sieve element punctures, particularly in resistant plants. In order to explore a chemically-mediated mechanism of resistance associated with sieve element salivation, we compared the pattern of feeding behaviour of the aphid, Sitobion fragariae (Walker), on two cultivars of the wheat Triticum aestivum L., with different concentrations of hydroxamic acids (Hx). During 24 h of electronic monitoring, aphids dedicated over 50% of the total time to phloem ingestion from the sieve elements. Total time allocated to E1 in the experiment, time to first E1 within the experiment, time allocated to E1 before a sustained phloem ingestion (E2) and the contribution of sieve element salivation to the phloem phase (E1/[E1+E2]) were significantly higher in the high-Hx cultivar. The increased salivation in plants with higher contents of Hx suggests the existence, at least in this system, of a chemically-mediated sieve element constraint.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003628703035
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Influence of Previous Experience and Starvation on Aphid Feeding Behavior (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 13 (2000), S. 699-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: feeding behavior ; previous experience ; starvation ; stylet ; xylem ingestion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It was hypothesized that (1) previous experience of aphids on a host plant leads to differences in their feeding behavior relative to aphids without previous experience on it and that (2) a change in the physiological state of the aphid modifies their experience-induced behavior. Using electronic recording, the feeding behavior of the aphid Sitobion fragariae (Walker) on wheat Triticum aestivum L. and oat Avena sativa L. was examined, comparing aphids with or without previous experience on a given host and with or without a period of starvation before assessing probing behavior. All comparisons were performed within a single aphid clone to minimize the effect of genetic variation. Feeding behavior on wheat was significantly affected by previous experience and starvation. The effect of previous experience interacted with the host plant where feeding behavior was tested. Aphids feeding on wheat following previous experience on wheat showed a longer time and a higher number of pathway activities and less time in waveform F (i.e., mechanical stylet work and penetration difficulties) than did aphids feeding on wheat after a previous experience on oat. No differences in the time from the beginning of the recording until the first salivation into the sieve elements were found. When aphids were subjected to a period of starvation, the time devoted to xylem ingestion increased compared with that of nonconstrained aphids. These results are discussed in terms of factors affecting foraging decisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007844027368
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity and feeding deterrency of hydroxamic acids from Gramineae in synthetic diets against the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 134-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Maize extract ; Hydroxamic acid ; Feeding deterrent ; Greenbug ; Schizaphis graminum ; Schizaphis graminum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La 2,4-dihydroxy-6-metoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), acide hydroxamique le plus abondant dans des extraits de maïs, accroît la mortalité du puceron Schizaphis graminum nourri artificiellement. Des essais d'alimentation contrôlés par des moyens électriques démontrent que DIMBOA agit comme un répulsif, même à la concentration de 1 mM; dans des régimes à 12 mM, l'alimentation des pucerons est supprimée. Des expériences complémentaires indiquent diquent une augmentation de la mortalité des individus nourris avec DIMBOA par rapport aux témoins. Par conséquent, les effets nuisibles de DIMBOA sur les pucerons sont dus à sa répulsion. Le 2-\-0-gluco-side de DIMBOA (DIMBOA-Glc) a un effet important de répulsion sur les pucerons nourris artificiellement, mais affecte peu leur survie. L'importance des effets des DIMBOA et DIMBOA-Glc sur les pucerons par rapport à la resistance des céréales contre ces insectes est discutée.
    Notes: Abstract 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), the main hydroxamic acid isolated from maize extracts, increased the mortality of Schizaphis graminum when fed in artificial diets. Electrically-monitored feeding assays showed that DIMBOA acted as a feeding deterrent at concentrations as low as 1 mM. On 12 mM DIMBOA diets, feeding by aphids was completely inhibited. Additional feeding experiments showed that when DIMBOA was ingested there was an increase in aphid mortality relative to that of aphids which did not ingest the compound. Thus, the deleterious effects of DIMBOA on aphids are due to feeding deterrency and toxicity. The 2-\-0 glucoside of DIMBOA (DIMBOA-Glc), the form in which DIMBOA naturally occurs in Gramineae, had a slight effect on lowering aphid survival and an appreciable feeding-deterrent effect on diet-fed aphids. The relevance of the effects of DIMBOA and DIMBOA-Gic on aphids to resistance of certain graminaceous crops against aphids is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338659
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Within-plant allocation of a chemical defense in Secale cereale. Is concentration the appropriate currency of allocation? (1999)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 9 (1999), S. 113-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Keywords: Key words. defense allocation — hydroxamic acids — leaf age — optimal defense theory — rye —Secale cereale— Poaceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary. The among-leaves allocation of DIBOA, a hydroxamic acid associated with plant resistance, in the shoot of rye (Secale cereale) was evaluated over the vegetative development of the plant. The appropriateness of using the concentration of secondary metabolites, DIBOA in this case, as the parameter to evaluate defense allocation in plants is discussed. Both biological and statistical arguments are put forward to suggest that allocation of chemical defenses should refer to absolute content and not to concentration. Results showed that leaf age was significantly linked to leaf concentration of DIBOA, young leaves having higher concentrations. In contrast, leaf content of DIBOA, our proposed currency of allocation, was not significantly higher in younger leaves. Furthermore, a regression analysis showed that the DIBOA content of leaves was better explained by the leaf relative biomass (proportion of shoot biomass) than by leaf biomass itself. It is suggested that, rather than leaf age, leaf relative biomass is the major factor determining DIBOA allocation in rye shoots. It is proposed that studies addressing within-plant defense allocation should use chemical defense content as the currency, emphasizing the major factors driving this process and its underlying mechanisms. Likewise, it is proposed that studies aiming at characterizing optimal patterns of plant defense should use chemical defense concentration as the currency, and be accompanied by evaluations of the actual resistance against herbivores of the plant parts analyzed, together with the effect on plant fitness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000490050041
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