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  • 1
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    Stripe smuts of grasses: one lineage or high levels of polyphyly? (2014)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 33 no. 1, pp. 169-181
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Stripe smut of grasses, Ustilago striiformis s.l., is a complex of smut fungi widely distributed over temperate and subtropical regions. The disease results in the shredding and death of leaf tissue following the rupture of elongated sori. Nearly 100 different grass species in more than 30 genera are infected by stripe smut. During the last two centuries more than 30 smut taxa have been described from members of this complex. The present study attempts to clarify the taxonomy and phylogeny of stripe smuts on grasses by analysing both morphological and molecular data. More than 200 specimens from different continents and host plants were examined. DNA was extracted from teliospores of 23 specimens from different hosts collected in Europe, Asia, and North America. The ITS and LSU regions of ribosomal DNA were ampli\xef\xac\x81ed and used in phylogenetic analyses. The results of Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian analyses demonstrated that there are several lineages of stripe smut fungi. Analyses of morphological characters assessed with light and scanning electron microscopy showed high support for the differentiation of two clades as distinct from U. striiformis s.l., i.e., U. nunavutica sp. nov. and U. bromina. Two additional clades, U. striiformis s.str. on Holcus and a clade containing specimens from Elymus, were identi\xef\xac\x81ed with molecular data although morphological differences were not apparent. Descriptions are given for each species.
    Keywords: fungi ; ITS ; LSU ; phylogeny ; plant pathogens ; Ustilaginaceae
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Milling Energy Polymorphism in Hordeum spontaneum Koch in Israel and its Potential Utilization in Breeding for Malting Quality (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 111 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Variation for grain milling energy in Hordeum vulgare is associated with differences in grain size, shape and composition. Genetic polymorphisms within and between populations were found across the ecogeographical range of Hordeum spontaneum in Israel. Low milling energy estimates were positively correlated with and predictable by the aridity index. Milling energy in H. spontaneum, collected in Israel, ranged from the lowest values seen in making barley to twice the highest values seen in feed cultivars. It is concluded that H. spontaneum elite genotypes could be effectively identified by milling energy for use in the breeding of new cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00609.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Resources for Salt Tolerance in the Wild Progenitors of Wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) and Barley (Hordeum spontaneum) in Israel (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 110 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Salt tolerance was tested in the progenitors of cultivated cereals, wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) and wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) from Israel. Plants from five selected populations of H. spontaneum from the Mediterranean Coastal Plain and northern Negev desert, were grown on 250 and 350 mM of NaCl. Likewise, five populations of T. dicoccoides from the eastern Samaria steppes, Mt. Hermon and Mt. Carmel, were grown on 175 and 250 mM of NaCl. Here we report on superior genotypes of H. spontaneum, ripening at 350 mM NaCl (= 60 % sea water), and of T. dicoccoides ripening at 250 mM (— 40 % sea water). We are proceeding now with both genetical and physiological studies aimed at chromosomally-locating salt tolerant genes and unravelling the mechanism(s) of salt resistance in these wild cereals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00599.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino-Acid Resources in the Wild Progenitor of Wheats, Triticum dicoccoides, in Israel — Polymorphisms and Predictability by Ecology and Isozymes (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 108 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Amino acid contents were measured in 109 genotypes from 22 populations of wild emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccoides, across its ecological range in Israel. Plants were grown outdoors on mesic Mr. Carmel, in a standardized environment, without irrigation and fertilization. T. dicoccoides was high in lysine and isoleucine contents as compared to six other species of wild wheats, but low in threonine and proline. Significant correlations were found among lysine and the other essential amino acids. Significant differences between Israeli populations of T. dicoccoides were found for isoleucine, methionine, leucine and threonine, but not for lysine, arginine, proline and glutamic acid. Significant differences between regions were only found in methionine. Ecological factors and allozyme markers appear to be good guidelines for predicting the ecogeographical location and allozymic constitution of specific elite amino acid genotypes, either singly or in combination. T. dicoccoides may be used in the future as a promising genetic resource for genetically improving the nutritional value of cultivated wheats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1992.tb00120.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of resistance gene analogue markers closely linked to wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm31 (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 123 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Specific oligonucleotide primers, designed for the sequences of known plant disease resistance genes, were used to amplify resistance gene analogues (RGAs) from wheat genomic DNA. This method was applied in a bulked segregant analysis to screen for the RGA markers linked to the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm31, introgressed into common wheat from wild emmer. Two RGA markers (RGA200 and RGA390) were found to be closely linked to Pm31 and completely co-segregating with the marker allele of Xpsp3029 linked to Pm31, with a genetic distance of 0.6 cM. These two RGA markers were then integrated into the formerly established microsatellite map of Pm31 region. The result showed the effectiveness of the RGA approach for developing molecular markers linked to disease resistance genes and demonstrated the efficiency of denaturing polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis for detecting polymerase chain reaction polymorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00940.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Associations of simple sequence repeats with quantitative trait variation including biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in Hordeum spontaneum (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 122 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A total of 33 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) was analyzed in 52 genotypes of Hordeum spontaneum originally collected from two different soil types (Terra rossa and Basalt) at Tabigha in Israel. Data on the performance of developmental, morphological, and yield-related traits under well-watered control and water-stress conditions were available from previous experimentation, and powdery mildew susceptibility was scored. Regression analyses based on SSR allele class differences were performed. Highly significant associations were detected at the SSR loci Bmac181 (on chromosome 4H) and Bmac316 (6H) for water -stress tolerance and powdery mildew resistance, respectively. The study shows that association mapping using SSRs and genetically diverse germplasm provides an effective means of relating genotypes to complex quantitative phenotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00841.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive Convergence and Divergence of Subterranean Mammals (1979)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 10 (1979), S. 269-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.10.110179.001413
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity for drought resistance in wild emmer wheat and its ecogeographical associations (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. dicoccoides (Körn.) Thell.), the tetraploid progenitor of cultivated wheat, is a potential source for various agronomical traits, including drought resistance. The objectives of this study were to characterize (1) the genetic diversity for drought resistance in wild emmer wheat, and (2) the relationship between drought responses of the wild emmer germplasm and the ecogeographical parameters of its collection sites. A total of 110 wild emmer accessions consisting of 25 populations and three control durum wheat cultivars were examined under two irrigation regimes, well-watered (’wet’) and water-limited (’dry’). Wide genetic diversity was found both between and within the wild emmer populations in most variables under each treatment. A considerable number of the wild emmer accessions exhibited an advantage in productivity (spike and total dry matter) over their cultivated counterparts. Most wild emmer wheat accessions exhibited a greater carbon isotope ratio (δ13C, indicating higher water-use efficiency) under the dry treatment and higher plasticity of δ13C relative to the cultivated controls, which may have contributed to the drought adaptations in the former. The most outstanding drought-tolerance capacity (in term of productivity under the dry treatment and susceptibility indices) was detected in wild emmer populations originated from hot dry locations. The results suggest that wild emmer has the potential to improve drought resistance in cultivated wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01259.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential expression of dehydrin genes in wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum, associated with resistance to water deficit (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Dehydrin gene (Dhn) expression is associated with plant response to dehydration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of differential expression of Dhn genes (Dhn 1, 3, 5, 6, and 9) with drought tolerance found in wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum). Tolerant and sensitive genotypes were identified from Israeli (Tabigha microsite) and Jordanian (Jarash and Waddi Hassa) populations (based on scoring of water loss rate of 390 genotypes). The five Dhn genes were up-regulated by dehydration in resistant and sensitive wild barley genotypes. Notably, differences between resistant and sensitive genotypes were detected, mainly in the expression of Dhn1 and Dhn6 genes, depending on the duration of dehydration stress. Dhn1 tended to react earlier (after 3 h) and higher (12 h and 24 h) in resistant compared to sensitive genotypes. The level of expression of Dhn6 was significantly higher in the resistant genotypes at the earlier stages after stress. However, after 12 and 24 h Dhn6 expression was relatively higher in sensitive genotypes. The present results may indicate that these genes have some functional role in the dehydration tolerance in wild barley. The authors suggest that the observed differences of Dhn expression in wild barley, originating from different micro- and macro ecogeographic locations, may be the result of adaptive edaphic and climatic selective pressures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01237.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fight versus flight: Body temperature influences defensive responses of lizards
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Behaviour 30 (1982), S. 676,IN3-IN4,677-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(82)80137-1
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