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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A commercial system for automated nitrogen isotope-ratio analysis by the Rittenberg technique (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 897-903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A sequential sample treatment system is described that permits use of an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer for automated Rittenberg analyses of ammonium salts. This system is based on the design of McInteer and Montoya [Recent Developments in Mass Spectrometry in Biochemistry, Medicine and Environmental Research, edited by A. Frigerio (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1981), Vol. 7, p. 343]. An x-y table and a set of valves under computer control are used to automatically perform hypobromite oxidations, introduce the N2 thus liberated to the mass spectrometer for isotope-ratio analysis, and effect spent sample pumpaway. Analyses can be performed on samples containing 20 μg of N. When operated with a Nuclide Model 3-60-RMS double-collector mass spectrometer, the standard deviation for measurements at the natural abundance level (12 samples, 50 or 100 μg of N per sample) ranged from 0.0002 to 0.000 06 at. % 15N. Throughput capacity is 100–250 samples per day, and unattended operation can continue for at least three days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141460
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulphuric acid at grain boundaries in Antarctic ice (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 331 (1988), S. 247-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 The ice sample used, showing air bubbles and grain boundaries. A crack is seen running diagonally from top right to bottom left. The black lines have been drawn on to show the location of grain-boundaries, which are seen clearly as grooves on the original photograph. The three ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/331247a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fertilizer and snowfall nitrate (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 352 (1991), S. 27-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR — Turner compares1 global consumption of nitrogen fertilizer from 1950 to 1987 with measurements of the nitrate concentration in snowfall at the South Pole (station T) taken from Mayewski et al.2. Unfortunately, the data from Mayewski's original paper (Fig. 3 of ref. 2) have been ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/352027c0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Southern Ocean sea-ice extent, productivity and iron flux over the past eight glacial cycles (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 440 (2006), S. 491-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sea ice and dust flux increased greatly in the Southern Ocean during the last glacial period. Palaeorecords provide contradictory evidence about marine productivity in this region, but beyond one glacial cycle, data were sparse. Here we present continuous chemical proxy data spanning the last eight ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04614
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Southern Ocean sea-ice extent, productivity and iron flux over the past eight glacial cycles (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 449 (2007), S. 748-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nature 440, 491–496 (2006); doi:10.1038/nature04614. In calculating the fluxes used in this paper, we made a mistake in the snow accumulation rate used. We calculated fluxes assuming that snow accumulation rates were expressed in metres ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06271
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of atrazine under denitrifying conditions (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 49 (1998), S. 618-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Anaerobic biodegradation of atrazine by the bacterial isolate M91-3 was characterized with respect to mineralization, metabolite formation, and denitrification. The ability of the isolate to enhance atrazine biodegradation in anaerobic sediment slurries was also investigated. The organism utilized atrazine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen under anoxic conditions in fixed-film (glass beads) batch column systems. Results of HPLC and TLC radiochromatography suggested that anaerobic biotransformation of atrazine by microbial isolate M91-3 involved hydroxyatrazine formation. Ring cleavage was demonstrated by 14CO2 evolution. Denitrification was confirmed by detection of 15N2 in headspace samples of K15NO3-amended anaerobic liquid cultures. In aquatic sediments, mineralization of uniformly ring-labeled [14C]atrazine occurred in both M91-3-inoculated and uninoculated sediment. Inoculation of sediments with M91-3 did not significantly enhance anaerobic mineralization of atrazine as compared to uninoculated sediment, which suggests the presence of indigenous organisms capable of anaerobic atrazine biodegradation. Results of this study suggest that the use of M91-3 in a fixed-film bioreactor may have applications in the anaerobic removal of atrazine and nitrate from aqueous media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051223
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ammonium fixation and displacement on the added nitrogen interaction in incubation experiments (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 18 (1994), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Added N interaction ; Ammonium fixation ; N immobilization ; N mineralization ; Priming effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect of NH 4 + fixation/defixation on the added N interaction (ANI) in three Illinois Mollisols fertilized with 100 or 200 mg N kg-1 soil. A positive ANI was observed in all three soils, which was greater at the higher rate of applied N. However, very little exchange was observed between applied 15NH 4 + and the native clay-fixed NH 4 + , and the ANI observed were attributed largely to microbial immobilization-mineralization. The results suggested that variations in the NH 4 + fixation capacity of soils will not have a significant bearing on the interpretation of data obtained from studies of the ANI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336453
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of inorganic nitrogen on the added nitrogen interaction of soils in incubation experiments (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 18 (1994), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Added N interaction ; N immobilization ; N mineralization ; Mollisols ; Priming effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect of indigenous inorganic N on the immobilization of applied N and on the occurrence of an added N interaction (ANI). Samples of six Mollisols from Illinois were incubated with 15N-labelled (NH4)2SO4 (100 or 200 mg N kg-1 soil), with or without the use of 0.01 M CaCl2 to extract inorganic N (mainly NO inf3 sup- ) before incubation. From 6 to 49% of the N applied was immobilized, higher percentages being obtained with unextracted soils than with the extracted soils and with the higher rate of N addition. Net mineralization of native N occurred in both the unextracted and extracted soils, but was more extensive in the unextracted soil and increased with the addition of N. The increases were accompanied by a positive ANI, which usually exceeded the amount of applied N immobilized and increased with the rate of addition. The ANI values observed with extracted soils were attributed to increased mineralization of native organic N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336454
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ammonium and nitrate on mineralization of nitrogen from leguminous residues (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 49-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrification ; N immobilization ; N mineralization ; N interaction ; N-Serve ; Nitrapyrin ; Soil N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to compare the effects of NH inf4 sup+ and NO inf3 sup- on mineralization of N from 15N-labelled vetch (Vicia villosa Rotn) in an Illinois Mollisol, and to determine the effect of a nitrification inhibitor (nitrapyrin) on mineralization of vetch N when used with NH inf4 sup+ . The addition of either NH inf4 sup+ or NO inf3 sup- (100 and 200 mg N kg-1 soil) significantly increased mineralization of vetch N during incubation for 40 days. The effect was greater with NH inf4 sup+ than with NO inf3 sup- , and a further increase occurred in the presence of nitrapyrin (10 mg kg-1 soil). The addition of NO inf3 sup- retarded the nitrification of NH inf4 sup+ -N derived from vetch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307840
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification and potential availability of non-symbiotically fixed 15N in soil (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1988), S. 32-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Hydrolysable N ; Mineralizable N ; N2-fixation ; Priming effect ; Plant available N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Non-symbiotic N2 fixation was studied under laboratory conditions in two soils from Pakistan (Hafizabad silt loam and Khurrarianwala silt loam) and one from Illinois, USA (Drummer silty clay loam) incubated in a 15N-enriched atmosphere. N2 fixation was greatest with the Drummer soil (18–122 μg g−1 soil, depending upon the soil treatment) and lowest with the Khurrarianwala soil (4–81 μg g−1 soil). Fixation was increased by the addition of glucose, a close correlation being observed between the amount of glucose added and the amount of N2 fixed in the three soils (r = 0.96). Efficiency of N2 fixation varied with soil type and treatment and was greatest in the presence of added inorganic P. Application of Mo apparently had a negative effect on the amount and efficiency of N2 fixation in all the soils. The percentage of non-symbiotically fixed 15N in potentially mineralizable form (NH 4 + -N released in soil after a 15-day incubation period under anaerobic conditions) was low (2%–18%, depending upon the soil treatment), although most of the fixed N (up to 90%) was recovered as forms hydrolysable with 6N HCl. Recovery in hydrolysable forms was much greater for the fixed N than for the native soil N, indicating that the former was more available for uptake by plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260729
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