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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 447 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Rhodococcus opacus PD630 was investigated for physiological and morphological changes under water stress challenge. Gluconate- and hexadecane-grown cells were extremely resistant to these conditions, and survival accounted for up to 300 and 400 days; respectively, when they were subjected to slow air-drying. Results of this study suggest that strain PD630 has specific mechanisms to withstand water stress. Water-stressed cells were sensitive to the application of ethanol, high temperatures and oxidative stress, whereas they exhibited cross-protection solely against osmotic stress during the first hours of application. Results indicate that the resistance programme for water stress in R. opacus PD630 includes the following physiological and morphological changes, among others: (1) energetic adjustments with drastic reduction of the metabolic activity (∼39% decrease during the first 24 h and about 90% after 190 days under dehydration), (2) endogenous metabolism using intracellular triacylglycerols for generating energy and precursors, (3) biosynthesis of different osmolytes such as trehalose, ectoine and hydroxyectoine, which may achieve a water balance through osmotic adjustment and may explain the overlap between water and osmotic stress, (4) adjustments of the cell-wall through the turnover of mycolic acid species, as preliminary experiments revealed no evident changes in the thickness of the cell envelope, (5) formation of short fragmenting-cells as probable resistance forms, (6) production of an extracellular slime covering the surface of colonies, which probably regulates internal and external changes in water potential, and (7) formation of compact masses of cells. This contributes to understanding the water stress resistance processes in the soil bacterium R. opacus PD630.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 103 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Conventional electron microscopic preparation and imaging techniques applied to the study of the ultrastructure of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) (and related compounds) inclusion bodies provided information on cytological aspects such as shape, dimensions, and location of these inclusion bodies within cells harvested from various growth conditions and physiological states. However, the macromolecular organization of the contents of these inclusion bodies and of a faint layer surrounding them could not be unequivocally described by electron microscopy. Results obtained by cryoelectron microscopic sample preparation techniques, though known to be suited to produce reliable structural data, should also be interpreted cautiously. The compounds making up these inclusion bodies tend to be artivicially altered during freezing of the sample. Immunocytochemical approaches may be promising for a detailed description of the location of enzymes involved in polymerization and depolymerization of PHB and related compounds in bacteria.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 36 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The localization of the soluble NAD-dependent hydrogenase in cells of Alcaligenes eutrophus PHB−4 was investigated using the protein A-gold technique as a post-embedding immunoelectron microscopic procedure. The enzyme was found throughout the cytoplasm of the cells. Autotrophic cells harvested in the logarithmic phase of growth exhibited a higher degree of labeling as compared to autotrophic cells from the stationary growth phase. Heterotrophic cells showed an almost identical labeling intensity in all growth phases. In a substrate-shift experiment (from fructose to glycerol, performed in the stationary growth phase), high amounts of newly synthesized enzyme could be observed two hours after the shift. This enzyme was located, as inclusion bodies, in the DNA region of the cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 60 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Electron microscopy of negatively stained samples of the membrane-bound hydrogenase isolated from Alcaligenes eutrophus was used to obtain enzyme images with an estimated resolution of 2.5 nm. The two subunits with shapes similar to the letter ‘U’ making up the enzyme could be seen to be joined in two planes orthogonal to each other, making contact with their concave sides. In face-on view, the particle exhibited bilateral symmetry.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 118 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In water-in-oil microemulsion the membrane-associated F420-hydrogenase of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (strain Marburg) and the membrane-bound hydrogenase of Alcaligenes eutrophus H 16 (MBH) showed prolonged activity at elevated temperatures (measured as hydrogen production) as compared to aqueous buffer solution. The temperature optimum of the reactions was about 15°C higher than in aqueous buffer solution. Activity of the almost completely inactivated F420-hydrogenase could be partially recovered by transfer into microemulsion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Oxaloacetate decarboxylase from Klebsiella pneumoniae is a membrane bound sodium-pumping biotin enzyme. In electron microscopic samples, the enzyme particle appeared rod-like, with a length of about 12.9 nm and a width of about 7.4 nm, and with two submasses. Based on electron microscopic comparison of full-size enzyme molecules and free α-subunits, it is concluded that oxaloacetate decarboxylase contains only one α-subunit per enzyme particle. The α-subunit of the enzyme revealed a subdivision into two domains of different sizes forming a ‘cleft’. Electron microscopic affinity labeling with avidin demonstrated that the biotin prosthetic group present on the α-subunit is located in this cleft, close to the complex formed by the β- and γ-subunits. The fact that ‘pairs’ but no higher specific aggregates could be observed after incubation with avidin, also indicates that only one copy of the α-subunit is present in an oxaloacetate decarboxylase particle.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 37 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thiosphaera pantotropha cells treated with mitomycin C produced bacteriophages and showed cell lysis. Upon occurrence of cell lysis, samples were mounted for electron microscopy by negative staining. During mounting, the cell contents were spread at the surface of the support film. Besides polysomes, strands interpreted as DNA could be seen, most of them complexed with particles interpreted as DNA-binding proteins. Single and twisted strands were revealed, and complex structures with diameters around 35 nm were common. They exhibited an ordered arrangement of the proteins. Our findings suggest that bacterial chromosomal DNA complexed with DNA-binding proteins may be organized in higher order, similar to the compactation of nucleosome strands in eukaryotic chromosomal DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cytokinesis in the unicellular chlorococcalean alga Eremosphaera viridis de Bary has been investigated by electron microscopy of thin sections. The new plasmalemmata of the daughter cells in this organism form centrifugally within a phycoplast. Unlike other cell division systems each new plasmalemma is formed, not by the fusion of vesicles, but rather by the fusion of “open membranes” which are characteristically heavily stained. Measurements of these “open membranes” reveal that they are 11 nm thick with a central 4,5 nm unstained portion. The possible origin of these “open membranes” as burst-open vesicles has been suggested from the presence of intensely straining vesicles in the vicinity of the cell equator. Calculations of vesicle and “open membrane” surface areas support this contention.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 76 (1971), S. 166-173 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fimbrien (Pili) spielen bei der Sternbildung bestimmter Bodenbakterien eine wichtige Rolle. Sie dienen dem Erkennen, Verbinden und Zusammenheften kompetenter Zellen im Sternverband und begünstigen dadurch sehr wahrscheinlich einen ungestörten Gentransfer (Heumann, 1968). Die an der Sternbildung beteiligten Fimbrien “kontrahieren”. Das Auslösesignal für die Kontraktion ist noch unbekannt. Möglicherweise ist es der Kontakt mit Fimbrien einer kompetenten Zelle (Heumann u. Marx, 1964). Die Kontraktion scheint am basalen Fimbrienende zu beginnen. Dabei zerfallen die vorher sehr wahrscheinlich hohlzylinderförmigen Fimbrien (Mayer, 1969) zunächst in wenige (zwischen drei und sechs) feine parallele Fibrillen mit einem Durchmesser von 20–25. Å. Die Zahl dieser Fibrillen steigt an mit abnehmendem Abstand der verbundenen Zellen. Der Durchmesser der einzelnen Fibrillen bleibt trotz ihrer Längenabnahme konstant. Die Fimbrienkontraktion ist also, wenn man die Existenz von Fimbrien-Untereinheiten (“Pilin”) annimmt, ein kontinuierlicher Umbau der räumlichen Anordnung dieser Untereinheiten. Im Endstadium der Kontraktion sind die Fimbrien sicher nicht mehr hohlzylinderförmig. Deshalb verläuft sehr wahrscheinlich der DNS-Transfer im Stern nicht durch einen Fimbrienhohlraum.
    Notes: Summary Fimbria (Pili) play an important role during the “star-formation” of certain soil bacteria. They serve for the recognition, the mutual contact and the irreversible joining of competent cells to form a “starlike” cluster and thereby presumably secure the undisturbed chromosomal transfer (Heumann, 1968). Those fimbria engaged in starformation “contract” (Heumann and Marx, 1964). The contraction seems to start at the basal end of the fimbria. The fimbria desintegrate to form a number of parallel fibres of 20–25 Å diameter each. At the beginning of the contraction the number of fibres seems to be between three and six. The fibres increase in number with decreasing distance of the connected cells. The diameter of the single fibres remains constant, their length, however, decreases. The contraction therefore seems to be a continuous change of the arrangement of presumably existing subunits. In the final stage of contraction, the fimbria are no longer tubelike structures. Therefore, DNA transfer will most probably not occur inside the fimbria.
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