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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of Low Temperature Brittle Fracture Surface of High Nitrogen Austenitic Steel (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 324-325 (Nov. 2006), p. 447-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fracture surface and crack propagation in low temperature brittle fracture (LTBF) of an18Cr-18Mn-0.7N high nitrogen austenitic steel (HNAS) were examined by means of scanningelectronic microscopy, and compared with behaviours of LTBF of low carbon steel. Similar to BCClow carbon steel, the HNAS experienced a typical ductile-to-brittle transition (DBT) with decreasingtemperature, and the appearance of the fracture surface transited from fibrous to granular.Dual-surface observation revealed that there were three types of fracture modes in LTBF of theHNAS: annealing twin boundary fracture, intergranular fracture, and transgranular fracture. Theannealing twin boundary fracture facets were parallel to {111} planes, and were fairly flat andsmooth, with a pattern of three sets of parallel straight-lines intersecting at 60[removed info]. There were also bentsteps that originated and terminated at grain boundaries. The transgranular fracture facets were coarseand uneven, with uniformly distributed small pits and partially river pattern on them. Theintergranular fracture facets were smoothly curved ones on which more than three sets of paralleldeformation structure trace lines were observed. Careful observation on crack propagationdemonstrated that during LTBF of the HNAS, microcracks formed firstly at grain boundary andannealing twin boundary, and then these microcracks came together and coalesced to induce crackpropagation through grains, resulting in a fracture appearance with shiny facets distributing in dullfacets
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/52/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.324-325.447.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thickness vibrations of thin piezoelectric plates and the determination of the electro-elastic constants of Al0.88Ga0.12PO4 crystal (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 1696-1700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thickness vibrations of thin piezoelectric plates excited by perpendicular or parallel fields have been investigated. In the analyses of the resonances of the thin plates, both the stress boundary and the electrical conditions have been considered. The theory has been applied to the determination of the electro-elastic constants of a newly developed piezoelectric crystal, Al0.88Ga0.12PO4. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360956
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electric field dependence of piezoelectric properties for rhombohedral 0.955Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3– 0.045PbTiO3 single crystals (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 2810-2814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electric field dependence of the piezoelectric properties of rhombohedral 0.955Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.045PbTiO3 crystals were investigated as a function of orientation with respect to the prototypic (cubic) axes. For 〈111〉 oriented fields, depolarization and subsequent domain reorientation resulted in an apparent maximum in the piezoelectric coefficients occurring at ∼5 kV/cm, followed by nonhysteretic dij saturation, indicating a single domain state under bias. By extrapolation, single domain values for the piezoelectric coefficients d33 and d31 were determined to be 125 and −35 pC/N, respectively. The hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficient dh for single domain crystals was calculated to be ∼55 pC/N, coincident with the experimentally determined values under hydrostatic pressure. For 〈001〉 oriented fields, piezoelectric coefficients d33〈001〉 and d31〈001〉 as high as 2250 and −1000 pC/N were determined, respectively. Although a high value of dh〈001〉 (∼250 pC/N) was expected, the experimentally determined value was only ∼50 pC/N. A change of polar vector within the crystal lattice was discussed in relation to the volume strain associated with an E-field induced phase transition and the possible origin of the discrepancy in hydrostatic dh values. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369599
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    E-field induced phase transition in 〈001〉-oriented rhombohedral 0.92Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.08PbTiO3 crystals (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 1080-1083 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: E-field induced phase transformation and associated changes in dielectric/piezoelectric properties of 〈001〉-oriented rhombohedral 0.92Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.08PbTiO3 crystals were investigated. The longitudinal strain level was found to abruptly increase at 20 kV/cm, corresponding to that where an induced phase appears within a multidomain matrix. Decreases in the dielectric constant (K3T∼4000 to 500), transverse coupling (k31∼70% to 50%) and transverse piezoelectric coefficient (d31∼−1100 to −200 pC/N) associated with the induced phase were the result of increased crystal anisotropy. By contrast, the thickness coupling (kT) increased from 53% at 0 kV/cm to 64% at 45 kV/cm, associated with this phase transition. The measured dielectric and piezoelectric properties found for the induced phase state were nearly identical to those of 〈001〉 poled tetragonal (1−x)PZN−xPT (x〉0.1) crystals. Based on these results, it is evident that the symmetry of induced phase is tetragonal, 4 mm. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369252
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theoretical study of the structure, bonding, and vibrational frequency shifts of the H2–HF complex (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 5120-5127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complex formed from hydrogen fluoride and the hydrogen molecule has been investigated theoretically in two ways. Large basis, well-correlated ab initio electronic structure calculations have been used to map out regions of the potential energy surface and an electrical interaction model has been used to find the classical intermolecular interaction effects. From the ab initio potential surface, the fundamental vibrational transition frequencies of hydrogen and hydrogen fluoride are predicted to be red shifted by 20 and 15 cm−1, respectively. The Liu and Dykstra theory of vibrational frequency shifts that uses the intermolecular electrical interaction yields shifts of 31 and 19 cm−1, respectively. The equilibrium structure of the molecule is T shaped, a feature that is determined by electrical interaction, and the well depth is around 300 cm−1. A significant fraction of the well-depth results from electron correlation effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.451705
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical properties of ammonia and the structure of the ammonia dimer (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 2077-2083 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrical multipole moments, polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities of ammonia have been calculated with large basis sets through application of derivative Hartree–Fock (DHF) theory. With these properties, the orientational dependence of the electrical interaction between two ammonia molecules has been examined. The electrical interaction model indicates that the orientational angles of the two ammonias with respect to the a-inertial axis are strongly coupled. Internal rotation about the ammonia C3 axes is coupled as well. There are 18 equivalent minimum energy structures for the ammonia dimer and the lowest barrier for inversion is found to be about 250 cm−1. The predicted equilibrium structure differs noticeably from the recently determined experimental structure. Certain of the assumptions used in obtaining the experimental structure, we feel are not justified, in light of the coupling of internal motions apparent in the potential surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.451151
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The stabilities of the hydrogen fluoride trimer and tetramer (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 84 (1986), S. 5032-5036 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio calculations have been carried out to determine the dissociation pathways for the hydrogen fluoride trimer and tetramer that are accessible with single photon excitation of an HF stretching vibration. This requires evaluation of the stabilities of the small HF clusters. Electron correlation effects are found to contribute 1.0 kcal to the stability of the trimer, compared to 0.5 kcal for the dimer. The equilibrium stabilities with respect to dissociation into monomers are 4.6 kcal for the dimer, 14 kcal for the trimer, and 25 kcal for the tetramer. With zero-point vibrational effects, single photon vibrational excitation is sufficient for dissociation of the trimer into three monomers. The orientational structural parameters of the trimer and tetramer, like those of the dimer are found to be well explained by dipole and quadrupole moment interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.450652
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of basis set selection on the vibrational transition frequencies obtained from SCF and correlated wave functions for an uncomplicated molecule, LiH (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 5877-5881 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pattern of sensitivity to basis set selection in computed vibrational frequencies of LiH is examined through potential curve calculations at the SCF and at the well-correlated ACCD level. LiH is electronically uncomplicated in the sense that it has only four electrons, and so it affords the best opportunity to isolate basis set effects from lingering correlation features that might not be so completely accounted for in a more complicated molecule. With a very large basis of 64 functions, the transition frequencies are found to be within 2.7 cm−1 for ω0, within 3.3 cm−1 for ω12, and within 3.8 cm−1 for ω23 of measured values. Convergence with respect to basis set size is demonstrated by a decreasing sensitivity to basis enhancement as the largest set is approached. However, small sets can give excellent potential curves if the basis sets maintain a balance in the flexibility on the two atomic centers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.451549
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved counterpoise corrections for the ab initio calculation of hydrogen bonding interactions (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 84 (1986), S. 2720-2725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Counterpoise ab initio calculations have been carried out for the hydrogen fluoride dimer using 14 different basis sets. A counterpoise calculation evaluates the stability contribution arising from just the mutual basis set enlargement of bringing two species into proximity. Using this stability contribution to correct the total interaction energy does not always improve reliability. Furthermore, counterpoise corrections have been found to be misleadingly small in certain cases, suggesting greater reliability than is warranted. The problem is that the counterpoise correction should be the stability contribution arising from the mutual basis set enlargement in the description of the perturbed rather than the isolated bonding partners. In hydrogen bonding, much of the perturbation is an electrical polarization of charge. Thus, we have found that more useful counterpoise correction values are obtained by employing a perturbing charge field. This charge field is approximately that which would arise from the species that is absent in the counterpoise evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.450347
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acceleration of particles using an elastic wave impulse (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 218-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A method for accelerating particles which can be used in delivering genes into living cells is described. By inducing a one-dimensional elastic strain wave impulse in a fixed solid plate, the micron particles adhered to the center of the plate's free surface can be accelerated to a velocity up to a few tens of meters per second. Two schemes have been devised in which the impulsive waves were generated by mechanical collision and by a piezoelectric transducer, respectively. Their principles are outlined and the initial velocities of particles are analyzed. The collision scheme has been tested experimentally for a long period and proved to be efficient in plant gene transfer. The particle velocities were measured in a range of 43–82 m/s, which agreed well with the results of the theoretical approximation. The initial velocity of particles accelerated by the piezoelectric transmitter may be controlled by changing the driving voltage. The apparatus for accelerating particles using an elastic wave impulse features tightly static sealing of the sample chamber and minimization of the aerodynamic effect caused by particle acceleration. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147812
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