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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Porosity variation and swelling of styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers (1980)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 2 (1980), S. 235-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The porosity measured for two series of diluent-modified styrene (S) — divinylbenzene (DVB) copolymers (10 and 20 wt.-% of DVB) was found to depend on sample pre-treatment. A correlation between the volume fraction of the polymer in the swollen gel and the volume fraction of octane used as diluent has been established assuming the isotropic swelling of the sample pretreated with water before porosity determination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282280
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron paramagnetic resonance evidence for direct co-ordination of copper(II) ions by acrylic resins containing amine groups (1991)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 26 (1991), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary E. p. r. and absorption spectra were used to indicate the formation of the complexes between copper (II) ions and acrylic resins containing oligoamines bound via amide bonds to acrylate units. The number of bound nitrogen atoms depends on the length of the amine chain attached to acrylamide unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297532
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The amine modified acrylonitrile-divinylbenzene copolymers in the phase transfer catalysis (1988)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 20 (1988), S. 149-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Amine modified, macroporous acrylonitrile-divinylbenzene copolymers of various crosslinking degree were used as catalysts in the reaction of octylbromide with cyano anions.The dependence of their catalytic activity upon swelling and strongly basic amino groups content were discussed.The reaction rate constants were somewhat lower than those for the reactions catalysed by other polymers containing tributylammonium groups.lt was probably due to the presence of ordered regions in copolymers containing large amounts of acrylonitrile units.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256108
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The amine modified acrylic copolymers as catalysts in the reaction of octylbromide with sodium cyanide (1994)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 33 (1994), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Amine-modified and alkylated (with butyl bromide or hexyl bromide) acrylonitrile-butyl acrylate-divinylbenzene terpolymers and alkyl acrylate-divinylbenzene copolymers (where alkyl=methyl, ethyl or butyl) were used as catalysts in the reaction of octyl bromide with cyanide anions. The dependence of catalytic activity as a function of the acrylate content and swelling properties was investigated. The most effective catalyst was butyl acrylate-divinylbenzene copolymer. This sample showed maximum toluene uptake from the toluene/water mixture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313473
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface sulphonated highly crosslinked styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 162 (1988), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine Reihe oberflächensulfonierter, makroporöser Styrol-Divinylbenzol-Copolymerer mit unterschiedlichen Gehalten an SO3H-Gruppen wurden hergestellt. Sowohl von diesen Copolymeren als auch vom nichtsulfonierten Copolymeren wurden Porenstruktur, Oberflächenhydrophilie und -polarität sowie das Sorptionsverhalten gegenüber einigen in Blut vorkommenden Substanzen bestimmt. Der Sorptionsgrad wird umso kleiner, je größer die Oberflächenpolarität ist. Die teilsulfonierten Polymeren könnten eine Anwendung in der Hämoperfusion finden.
    Notes: A series of surface sulphonated macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene (S-DVB) copolymers containing various amounts of  - SO3H groups was obtained. Porous structure, surface hydrophilicity and polarity, and sorption properties of these copolymers as well as those of starting S-DVB resin towards some substances which are present in blood were determined. The sorption degree becomes the smaller the higher is the surface polarity. The partially sulphonated copolymers may find an application in hemoperfusion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1988.051620113
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Porous terpolymers: Poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate-co-divinylbenzene) (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 193 (1991), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Suspensionspolymerisation wurden Terpolymere aus Acrylnitril (AN), Vinylacetat (VA) (7,5-30 mol-%, bezogen auf AN) und Divinylbenzol (DVB) (10 Gew.-%) hergestellt. Als Verdünner wurden Mischungen von Toluol oder Cyclohexanol (90 Vo1.-%) mit Hexadecan, Octan, Dodecan, 2-Ethylhexanol oder Benzylalkohol (jeweils 10 Vo1.-%) verwendet.Die Porosität der AN-VA-DVB-Terpolymeren ist mit 0,61-0,68 größer als die der entsprechenden AN-DVB-Copolymeren. Die übermolekulare Struktur der Terpolymeren hängt vom verwendeten Verdünner ab, obwohl sich die Porositäten nicht sehr voneinander unterscheiden. Die beim Erhitzen der Terpolymeren auf Temperaturen über 200°C auftretenden thermischen Effekte sind signifikant größer als die bei der Cyclisierung von AN-Polymeren gemessenen.
    Notes: Terpolymers of acrylonitrile (AN), vinyl acetate (VA) (7.5-30 mol-%, related to AN), and divinylbenzene (DVB) (10 wt.-%) were prepared by suspension polymerization. The diluents used were mixtures of toluene or cyclohexanol (90 vol.-%) with solvents (10 vol.-%) such as hexadecane (HD), octane (O), dodecane (D), 2-ethylhexanol (E) or benzyl alcohol (B).It has been found that AN-VA-DVB terpolymers have a higher porosity, about 0.61-0.68, than corresponding AN-DVB copolymers. The terpolymers obtained with mixtures of various diluents differ in their supermolecular structure although they had similar porosity characteristics.The thermal effects accompanying heating of the terpolymers above 200°C significantly exceed that of nitrile groups cyclization observed of the other AN polymers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1991.051930103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A search for optimal acrylic carriers for immobilization of penicillin acylase (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1990), S. 173-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Tragersubstanzen auf Acrylbasis wurden durch Aminolyse von Nitril- oder Estergruppen in Co. oder Terpolymeren aus Acrylnitril oder Acrylsäureestern und Divinylbenzol oder Ethylendimethacrylat in Gegenwart inerter Solventien hergestellt. Der Einfluß der übermolekularen Struktur dieser Trägersubstanzen, die durch Zugabe inerter Solventien während der Suspensionspolymerisation erzeugt wurde, auf deren Tragereigenschaften wurde untersucht. Geeignete Trägersubstanzen zur Immobilisierung von Penicillinacylase wurden entweder aus porösen oder ‘Sol’-Typ-Copolymeren erhalten; sie zeigten nach der Aminolyse die Struktur eines expandierten Gels.
    Notes: Acrylic carriers were obtained by aminolysis of nitrile or ester groups in copolymers or terpolymers synthesized from acrylonitrile, acrylic esters and divinylbenzene or ethylene dimethacrylate in the presence of a mixture of inert diluents. The influence of the supermolecular structure of these carriers, generated during the suspension polymerization by adding a mixture of inert diluents, on the carrier properties was observed. Acrylic carriers for immobilization of penicillin acylase should be obtained from either porous or ‘sol’-type copolymers which aquire after aminolysis the structure of expanded gel.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051790113
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exchange equilibria of anion resins, 1. Effect of physical structure of macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 180 (1979), S. 2473-2481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Anion exchange equilibria on benzyltrimethylammonium resins are studied on solvent-modified copolymer matrices prepared from styrene-divinylbenzene suspension copolymers obtained in the presence of a series of unbranched alkanes (C7 — C16) and toluene. Equilibria involving the exchange of chloride anions for bromide, iodide and perchlorate in dilute 0,01 M aqueous solutions were determined by the limited batch technique. It is found that the structure of the copolymer depends strongly on the interaction of an inert solvent with the copolymer during its formation. This structure affects the hydration of the functional groups and counter-ions in the gel phase and consequently brings about a variation of the selectivity of the resin.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1979.021801021
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Porous copolymers of trimethylolpropane triacrylate and acrylonitrile (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 1299-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The homopolymer of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPA) was synthesized by suspension polymerization using a thermodynamically good solvent (toluene) as a porogen (vol. ratio 1:1). This polymer possesses a high specific surface area (437 m2 · g-1) and porosity (50%). It was found by sorption of benzene and cyclohexane that the majority of the pores are in the range of 1-5 nm. Sorption of phenol, a standard sorbate, from a water solution is proportional to the specific surface area of the mesopores. This sorption is higher than that of nonspecific sorbents (like styrene/divinylbenzene copolymers) and smaller than the sorption of specific ones (like acrylonitrile/divinylbenzene copolymers).Two sets of reactive copolymers were obtained. In the first set, TMPA (20-40 vol.-%) was polymerized with acrylonitrile (AN) in the presence of a constant amount of toluene as an inert diluent (vol. ratio 1:1). In the second set of copolymers the cross-linking degree was kept constant (30 or 40 vol.-% of TMPA) but various solvent mixtures were used, namely: toluene/tetradecane or hexadecane, toluene/2-ethylhexanol, cyclohexanol/tetradecane or hexadecane, cyclohexanol/2-ethylhexanol (vol. ratio 9:1). It was found that all the copolymers are macroporous (volume of pores approx. 1,0 cm3 · g-1) but those obtained in the presence of good solvents display a higher specific surface area and hence better sorption properties towards phenol than those obtained in the presence of poor solvents. The swelling of AN/TMPA copolymers is smaller than that of the TMPA homopolymer due to the presence of additional physical crosslinks formed by the strongly polar nitrile groups.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940504
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exchange equilibria on anion resins, 2Part 1: cf.24.. Effect of chemical structure of functional groups in macroporous polystyrene resins (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 349-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Anion exchange equilibria were studied by the batch technique on macroporous polystyrene resins with the following functional groups: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ - \mathop {\rm N}\limits^ + {\rm H}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH}_{\rm 3} ({\rm M),} - \mathop {\rm N}\limits^ + {\rm H(CH}_{\rm 3} )_2 ({\rm DE),} - \mathop {\rm N}\limits^ + {\rm (CH}_{\rm 3} )_3 ({\rm TM),} - \mathop {\rm N}\limits^ + {\rm H}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm OH (E),} - \mathop {\rm N}\limits^ + {\rm H}_{\rm 2} {\rm (CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm OH)}_{\rm 2} ({\rm DE),} - \mathop {\rm N}\limits^ + {\rm (CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm OH)}_{\rm 3} ({\rm TE),} - \mathop {\rm N}\limits^ + {\rm CH}_{\rm 3} {\rm (CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm OH)}_{\rm 2} ({\rm MDE), and} - \mathop {\rm N}\limits^ + {\rm (CH}_{\rm 3} {\rm )}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm OH (DME)}$\end{document}. The selectivity order for these groups in slightly acidic, dilute solutions for the following anion systems: Br-/Cl-, I-/Cl-, and ClO4-/Cl- was found to be TM 〉 DME 〉 MDE 〉 TE 〉 DM 〉 M 〉 DE 〉 E, but it was entirely reversed in the case of F-/Cl- system. These results are discussed in view of some known theories of ion exchange selectivity. It seems that the experimental data can be best explained in terms of the Chu-Diamond-Whitney theory which takes into consideration mainly changes of the water structure caused by counter-ions, co-ions, and functional groups of the ion exchanger.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1981.021820207
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