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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A molecular approach to quadrupole relaxation. Monte Carlo simulations of dilute Li^+, Na^+, and Cl^- aqueous solutions
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 50 (1982), S. 1-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2364
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(82)90027-0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photon-assisted resonant tunneling through variably spaced superlattice energy filters (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 1297-1298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on the observation of photon-assisted resonant tunneling in a multiple quantum well structure composed of doped quantum wells separated by variably spaced superlattice energy filters. Electrons confined in the quantum wells are excited to the second quantized state by intersubband absorption of incident infrared radiation and are subsequently emitted through the filters under appropriate bias conditions. This is manifested by a distinct peak, with an associated negative differential photoconductance, in the photocurrent versus bias voltage characteristic at low temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104341
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of a genetic component in the seasonal return pattern of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 38 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We tested the null hypothesis that differences in the seasonal return patterns between stocks of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., are a result of a direct response to the environment, and not under genetic control. Two stocks were used in the experiments, originating from the R. Figga and R. Imsa, respectively. In their native habitat fish from the former are known to return to the home stream as adult salmon early in the summer, while from the latter return during late summer and autumn. By rearing these stocks in the same hatchery and releasing smolts of both stocks together at three sites in southern Norway, it was demonstrated that salmon from the R. Figga stock returned earlier to coastal Norway than salmon from the R. Imsa stock, as maturing adults. Thus, we reject the hypothesis that these stocks are genetically identical in this trait. Within both stocks, multi-sea-winter fish returned earlier than one-sea-winter fish. Within stocks, there was no significant difference in time of return between salmon released as 1- and 2-year-old smolts, or between fish reared from parents ascending the R. Imsa early or late in the season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb03111.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energetic cost of spawning in male and female Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 39 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Energetic expenditure during spawning of male and female 1 -sea-winter Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., was measured. Before spawning, the somatic energy content per unit weight did not differ between the sexes. The testes content offat was 0.24, of carbohydrate 8.89, of water 1.21 and of ash 1.61 times as high as that of the ovaries. Just prior to spawning, mean gonadosomatic index (GSI; wet weight, %) in males was 4.36 and in females 20.26, and expressed as energy ratios (kJ, %) 4.47 and 27.75, respectively. During spawning the energy loss of male soma was higher (35.57%) than that of females (25.00%). This was a result of higher loss of fat in males than in females. Total energy cost of spawning in males and females was on average 51.8 and 51.4%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04403.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atlantic salmon straying from the River Imsa (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 62 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mean estimated straying rate for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. leaving the River Imsa as smolts during 1976–1999 was 15% for hatchery fish and 6% for wild conspecifics. Hatchery Atlantic salmon selected for production traits during four or more generations strayed 〉50%. The straying rate was higher for Atlantic salmon staying 2 rather than 1 year at sea before attaining maturity. For spawning, 96% of the strays entered streams within 420 km from the River Imsa, and c. 80% entered streams within 60 km of the mouth of the River Imsa, whether the fish were wild or hatchery released. Within the 60 km zone, the number of strays caught in a river increased with the Atlantic salmon catch in that river, but there was no significant relationship between straying rate and water discharge or distance from the river to the River Imsa. The observed straying rate of hatchery Atlantic salmon decreased with increasing number of fish entering the River Imsa. Sexual maturation as parr did not influence the tendency to stray. The results suggest that the establishment of temporary zones, free of fish farms, outside important Atlantic salmon rivers by the fisheries authorities in Norway should be large, whole fjords, to be effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00053.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term study of the ecology of wild Atlantic salmon smolts in a small Norwegian river (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 52 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Backcalculated lengths at the end of the first growth season in wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar differed significantly between parr smolting at age 1, 2 and 3 years over a period of 11 years (i.e. 1983–1993). Mean body lengths of the respective age groups at the end of the first growth period were 11·1, 6·2 and 4·7 cm, respectively. The mean percentage distribution of fish smolting at age 1, 2 and 3 was 14, 78 and 7%, and the mean smolt age was 1·95 years. Mean lengths at smolting of age groups 1, 2 and 3 were 13·6, 15·8 and 17·5 cm, respectively. Females outnumbered males among the downstream migrating smolts with a mean sex ratio (females/ males) estimated at 1·61, with a significant female surplus in 7 of the 11 years sampled. Of the smolts sampled, 14% exhibited enlarged gonads indicative of parr maturation, and all were males (37% of the parr males sampled). Mean annual smolt density from 1975 to 1996 was 13·4 individuals 100 m−2 ranging between 0·3–31 smolts 100 m−2. Mean densities (100 m−2) of the smolts aged 1, 2 and 3 years were 1·5, 9·3 and 0·9 fish, respectively. Mean annual biomass for the 22-year period (1975–1996) was estimated at 437 g 100 m−2, with a range of variation from 136 to 683 g 100 m−2. Smolt age 2 made up 81% of the mean annual biomass (355 g 100 m−2) and smolt age 1 and 3, 8% (35 g 100 m−2) and 11% (47 g 100 m−2), respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb02023.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relative abundance of brown trout in acidic softwater lakes in relation to water quality in tributary streams (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 52 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The influence of the water quality of tributary streams on the relative abundance in benthic gillnet catches (catch per unit effort, cpue) of allopatric brown Salmo trutta was assessed in associated acidic, softwater lakes. The study was carried out over 6 years (1989–1994) in 15 lakes located at altitudes between 230–715 m a.s.l. in two Norwegian catchments. The water quality of the main inlets and outlets varied little, as indicated by their of pH range (4·93–5·51) and calcium concentrations (0·19–0·44 mg 1−1), but varied more with respect to concentrations of inorganic, monomeric aluminium (7·0–41·0 μg l−1). Most of the lakes were also fed by secondary streams with better water quality: a maximum pH of 6·56, calcium levels of up to 0·74mg 1−1, and inorganic aluminium levels as low as l·0 μg 1−1. The cpue was inversely correlated with lake altitude (r2=0·50), and thus was adjusted to a mean altitude. The calcium concentration in the richest secondary stream to each lake, its richness judged on the basis of its acid-neutralizing capacity, had the highest predictive power of the variability in cpue (r2= 0·49).The calcium content in the other secondary streams or in the main inlets and outlets did not correlate with cpue. Alkalinity in the main outlets correlated to some extent with cpue (r2= 0·27). It is suggested that secondary streams with good water quality provide important refuges for the recruitment of brown trout in acidic softwater lakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00808.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the rate constant of self-exchange of the oxygen O2/O2- couple in water by 18O/16O isotope marking (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 111 (1989), S. 7654-7655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00201a078
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal adaptation of Arctic charr: experimental studies of growth in eleven charr populations from Sweden, Norway and Britain (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 50 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Experimental growth data for Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.), all fed on excess rations, from 11 European watercourses between 54 and 70°N were analysed and fitted to a new general growth model for fish. The model was validated by comparing its predictions with the growth rate of charr in the wild.2. Growth performance varied among populations, mainly because of variation in the maximum growth potential, whereas the thermal response curves were similar. The estimated lower and upper temperatures for growth varied between −1.7 to 5.3 and 20.8–23.2 °C, respectively, while maximum growth occurred between 14.4 and 17.2 °C.3. There was no geographical or climatic trend in growth performance among populations and therefore no indication of thermal adaptation. The growth potential of charr from different populations correlated positively with fish body length at maturity and maximum weight in the wild. Charr from populations including large piscivorous fish had higher growth rates under standardised conditions than those from populations feeding on zoobenthos or zooplankton. Therefore, the adaptive variation in growth potential was related to life-history characteristics and diet, rather than to thermal conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01326.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature and body size on radiocaesium retention in brown trout, Salmo trutta (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 28 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. The elimination rate of radiocaesium in brown trout Salmo trutta L. was determined in the laboratory at four water temperatures (range 4.4–15.6°C). In the experiments three or four homogenous size-groups of fish (mean weights 23–496 g) were studied at each temperature.2. The brown trout received acute oral doses of 134Cs and were killed at intervals for radioactivity counting. The retention versus time curves were composed of two distinct exponential components. The long-lived component was quantitatively the most important for retention of radiocaesium. Elimination rate increased with increasing water temperature and decreased with increasing body weight.3. The biological half-life of 134Cs (Tb, days) was related to fresh body weight (W, g) and water temperature (t, °C) by the equation: Tb= 290 ×W°.176× e-°.106×t. The elimination rate of Cs could be predicted from weight-specific metabolic rate as given by Elliott's equations for brown trout.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1992.tb00573.x
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