ALBERT

Description: A sizable minority of people doubt that climate change is primarily caused by human activity ("attribution skeptics"). Consequently, it is important to examine the psychological drivers of pro-environmental intentions among attribution skeptics and the extent to which they are more or less influenced by traditional climate change messages. Study 1 ( N = 4,345) examined the psychological correlates of motivation to engage in pro-environmental behaviors among people at various points of the spectrum of belief in anthropogenic climate change. As expected, motivation to engage in pro-environmental behaviors is related to risk perceptions and concern about the consequences of climate change. Interestingly, however, these links were stronger the more participants reported being skeptical that climate change is anthropogenic. This suggests that climate change interventions might be especially successful in changing pro-environmental motivation among attribution skeptics, a prediction supported by an experimental intervention (Study 2; N = 600). Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.

Description: Author(s): J. A. Bradley, K. T. Moore, G. van der Laan, J. P. Bradley, and R. A. Gordon [Phys. Rev. B 84, 205105] Published Wed Nov 09, 2011

Description: Infrared spectral properties of silicate grains in interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) were compared with those of astronomical silicates. The approximately 10-micrometer silicon-oxygen stretch bands of IDPs containing enstatite (MgSiO3), forsterite (Mg2SiO4), and glass with embedded metal and sulfides (GEMS) exhibit fine structure and bandwidths similar to those of solar system comets and some pre-main sequence Herbig Ae/Be stars. Some GEMS exhibit a broad, featureless silicon-oxygen stretch band similar to those observed in interstellar molecular clouds and young stellar objects. These GEMS provide a spectral match to astronomical "amorphous" silicates, one of the fundamental building blocks from which the solar system is presumed to have formed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bradley, J P -- Keller, L P -- Snow, T P -- Hanner, M S -- Flynn, G J -- Gezo, J C -- Clemett, S J -- Brownlee, D E -- Bowey, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 10;285(5434):1716-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MVA Inc., Norcross, GA 30093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10481004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Tochilinite, an ordered mixed-layer mineral containing Mg, Al, Fe, Ni, S, and O, has been identified in an interplanetary dust particle (IDP). This mineral is found in only one other class of meteoritic materials, type CM carbonaceous chondrites. The presence of tochilinite in an IDP provides a direct petrogenetic link between a member of the layer-silicate subset of IDPs and a specific class of meteorites and thus establishes that some IDPs collected in the stratosphere have an asteroidal origin. The scarcity of this IDP type suggests that materials with CM mineralogy are not abundant among the dust-producing asteroids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bradley, J P -- Brownlee, D E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 1;251(4993):549-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17840867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study. The preliminary examination of these samples shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin. The comet contains an abundance of silicate grains that are much larger than predictions of interstellar grain models, and many of these are high-temperature minerals that appear to have formed in the inner regions of the solar nebula. Their presence in a comet proves that the formation of the solar system included mixing on the grandest scales.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brownlee, Don -- Tsou, Peter -- Aleon, Jerome -- Alexander, Conel M O'd -- Araki, Tohru -- Bajt, Sasa -- Baratta, Giuseppe A -- Bastien, Ron -- Bland, Phil -- Bleuet, Pierre -- Borg, Janet -- Bradley, John P -- Brearley, Adrian -- Brenker, F -- Brennan, Sean -- Bridges, John C -- Browning, Nigel D -- Brucato, John R -- Bullock, E -- Burchell, Mark J -- Busemann, Henner -- Butterworth, Anna -- Chaussidon, Marc -- Cheuvront, Allan -- Chi, Miaofang -- Cintala, Mark J -- Clark, B C -- Clemett, Simon J -- Cody, George -- Colangeli, Luigi -- Cooper, George -- Cordier, Patrick -- Daghlian, C -- Dai, Zurong -- D'Hendecourt, Louis -- Djouadi, Zahia -- Dominguez, Gerardo -- Duxbury, Tom -- Dworkin, Jason P -- Ebel, Denton S -- Economou, Thanasis E -- Fakra, Sirine -- Fairey, Sam A J -- Fallon, Stewart -- Ferrini, Gianluca -- Ferroir, T -- Fleckenstein, Holger -- Floss, Christine -- Flynn, George -- Franchi, Ian A -- Fries, Marc -- Gainsforth, Z -- Gallien, J-P -- Genge, Matt -- Gilles, Mary K -- Gillet, Philipe -- Gilmour, Jamie -- Glavin, Daniel P -- Gounelle, Matthieu -- Grady, Monica M -- Graham, Giles A -- Grant, P G -- Green, Simon F -- Grossemy, Faustine -- Grossman, Lawrence -- Grossman, Jeffrey N -- Guan, Yunbin -- Hagiya, Kenji -- Harvey, Ralph -- Heck, Philipp -- Herzog, Gregory F -- Hoppe, Peter -- Horz, Friedrich -- Huth, Joachim -- Hutcheon, Ian D -- Ignatyev, Konstantin -- Ishii, Hope -- Ito, Motoo -- Jacob, Damien -- Jacobsen, Chris -- Jacobsen, Stein -- Jones, Steven -- Joswiak, David -- Jurewicz, Amy -- Kearsley, Anton T -- Keller, Lindsay P -- Khodja, H -- Kilcoyne, A L David -- Kissel, Jochen -- Krot, Alexander -- Langenhorst, Falko -- Lanzirotti, Antonio -- Le, Loan -- Leshin, Laurie A -- Leitner, J -- Lemelle, L -- Leroux, Hugues -- Liu, Ming-Chang -- Luening, K -- Lyon, Ian -- Macpherson, Glen -- Marcus, Matthew A -- Marhas, Kuljeet -- Marty, Bernard -- Matrajt, Graciela -- McKeegan, Kevin -- Meibom, Anders -- Mennella, Vito -- Messenger, Keiko -- Messenger, Scott -- Mikouchi, Takashi -- Mostefaoui, Smail -- Nakamura, Tomoki -- Nakano, T -- Newville, M -- Nittler, Larry R -- Ohnishi, Ichiro -- Ohsumi, Kazumasa -- Okudaira, Kyoko -- Papanastassiou, Dimitri A -- Palma, Russ -- Palumbo, Maria E -- Pepin, Robert O -- Perkins, David -- Perronnet, Murielle -- Pianetta, P -- Rao, William -- Rietmeijer, Frans J M -- Robert, Francois -- Rost, D -- Rotundi, Alessandra -- Ryan, Robert -- Sandford, Scott A -- Schwandt, Craig S -- See, Thomas H -- Schlutter, Dennis -- Sheffield-Parker, J -- Simionovici, Alexandre -- Simon, Steven -- Sitnitsky, I -- Snead, Christopher J -- Spencer, Maegan K -- Stadermann, Frank J -- Steele, Andrew -- Stephan, Thomas -- Stroud, Rhonda -- Susini, Jean -- Sutton, S R -- Suzuki, Y -- Taheri, Mitra -- Taylor, Susan -- Teslich, Nick -- Tomeoka, Kazu -- Tomioka, Naotaka -- Toppani, Alice -- Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M -- Troadec, David -- Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Tuzzolino, Anthony J -- Tyliszczak, Tolek -- Uesugi, K -- Velbel, Michael -- Vellenga, Joe -- Vicenzi, E -- Vincze, L -- Warren, Jack -- Weber, Iris -- Weisberg, Mike -- Westphal, Andrew J -- Wirick, Sue -- Wooden, Diane -- Wopenka, Brigitte -- Wozniakiewicz, Penelope -- Wright, Ian -- Yabuta, Hikaru -- Yano, Hajime -- Young, Edward D -- Zare, Richard N -- Zega, Thomas -- Ziegler, Karen -- Zimmerman, Laurent -- Zinner, Ernst -- Zolensky, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1711-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. brownlee@astro.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170289" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Organics found in comet 81P/Wild 2 samples show a heterogeneous and unequilibrated distribution in abundance and composition. Some organics are similar, but not identical, to those in interplanetary dust particles and carbonaceous meteorites. A class of aromatic-poor organic material is also present. The organics are rich in oxygen and nitrogen compared with meteoritic organics. Aromatic compounds are present, but the samples tend to be relatively poorer in aromatics than are meteorites and interplanetary dust particles. The presence of deuterium and nitrogen-15 excesses suggest that some organics have an interstellar/protostellar heritage. Although the variable extent of modification of these materials by impact capture is not yet fully constrained, a diverse suite of organic compounds is present and identifiable within the returned samples.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sandford, Scott A -- Aleon, Jerome -- Alexander, Conel M O'd -- Araki, Tohru -- Bajt, Sasa -- Baratta, Giuseppe A -- Borg, Janet -- Bradley, John P -- Brownlee, Donald E -- Brucato, John R -- Burchell, Mark J -- Busemann, Henner -- Butterworth, Anna -- Clemett, Simon J -- Cody, George -- Colangeli, Luigi -- Cooper, George -- D'Hendecourt, Louis -- Djouadi, Zahia -- Dworkin, Jason P -- Ferrini, Gianluca -- Fleckenstein, Holger -- Flynn, George J -- Franchi, Ian A -- Fries, Marc -- Gilles, Mary K -- Glavin, Daniel P -- Gounelle, Matthieu -- Grossemy, Faustine -- Jacobsen, Chris -- Keller, Lindsay P -- Kilcoyne, A L David -- Leitner, Jan -- Matrajt, Graciela -- Meibom, Anders -- Mennella, Vito -- Mostefaoui, Smail -- Nittler, Larry R -- Palumbo, Maria E -- Papanastassiou, Dimitri A -- Robert, Francois -- Rotundi, Alessandra -- Snead, Christopher J -- Spencer, Maegan K -- Stadermann, Frank J -- Steele, Andrew -- Stephan, Thomas -- Tsou, Peter -- Tyliszczak, Tolek -- Westphal, Andrew J -- Wirick, Sue -- Wopenka, Brigitte -- Yabuta, Hikaru -- Zare, Richard N -- Zolensky, Michael E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1720-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Astrophysics Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. ssandford@mail.arc.nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The bulk of the comet 81P/Wild 2 (hereafter Wild 2) samples returned to Earth by the Stardust spacecraft appear to be weakly constructed mixtures of nanometer-scale grains, with occasional much larger (over 1 micrometer) ferromagnesian silicates, Fe-Ni sulfides, Fe-Ni metal, and accessory phases. The very wide range of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene compositions in comet Wild 2 requires a wide range of formation conditions, probably reflecting very different formation locations in the protoplanetary disk. The restricted compositional ranges of Fe-Ni sulfides, the wide range for silicates, and the absence of hydrous phases indicate that comet Wild 2 experienced little or no aqueous alteration. Less abundant Wild 2 materials include a refractory particle, whose presence appears to require radial transport in the early protoplanetary disk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zolensky, Michael E -- Zega, Thomas J -- Yano, Hajime -- Wirick, Sue -- Westphal, Andrew J -- Weisberg, Mike K -- Weber, Iris -- Warren, Jack L -- Velbel, Michael A -- Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Tsou, Peter -- Toppani, Alice -- Tomioka, Naotaka -- Tomeoka, Kazushige -- Teslich, Nick -- Taheri, Mitra -- Susini, Jean -- Stroud, Rhonda -- Stephan, Thomas -- Stadermann, Frank J -- Snead, Christopher J -- Simon, Steven B -- Simionovici, Alexandre -- See, Thomas H -- Robert, Francois -- Rietmeijer, Frans J M -- Rao, William -- Perronnet, Murielle C -- Papanastassiou, Dimitri A -- Okudaira, Kyoko -- Ohsumi, Kazumasa -- Ohnishi, Ichiro -- Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko -- Nakamura, Tomoki -- Mostefaoui, Smail -- Mikouchi, Takashi -- Meibom, Anders -- Matrajt, Graciela -- Marcus, Matthew A -- Leroux, Hugues -- Lemelle, Laurence -- Le, Loan -- Lanzirotti, Antonio -- Langenhorst, Falko -- Krot, Alexander N -- Keller, Lindsay P -- Kearsley, Anton T -- Joswiak, David -- Jacob, Damien -- Ishii, Hope -- Harvey, Ralph -- Hagiya, Kenji -- Grossman, Lawrence -- Grossman, Jeffrey N -- Graham, Giles A -- Gounelle, Matthieu -- Gillet, Philippe -- Genge, Matthew J -- Flynn, George -- Ferroir, Tristan -- Fallon, Stewart -- Fakra, Sirine -- Ebel, Denton S -- Dai, Zu Rong -- Cordier, Patrick -- Clark, Benton -- Chi, Miaofang -- Butterworth, Anna L -- Brownlee, Donald E -- Bridges, John C -- Brennan, Sean -- Brearley, Adrian -- Bradley, John P -- Bleuet, Pierre -- Bland, Phil A -- Bastien, Ron -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1735-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA. michael.e.zolensky@nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: We measured the elemental compositions of material from 23 particles in aerogel and from residue in seven craters in aluminum foil that was collected during passage of the Stardust spacecraft through the coma of comet 81P/Wild 2. These particles are chemically heterogeneous at the largest size scale analyzed ( approximately 180 ng). The mean elemental composition of this Wild 2 material is consistent with the CI meteorite composition, which is thought to represent the bulk composition of the solar system, for the elements Mg, Si, Mn, Fe, and Ni to 35%, and for Ca and Ti to 60%. The elements Cu, Zn, and Ga appear enriched in this Wild 2 material, which suggests that the CI meteorites may not represent the solar system composition for these moderately volatile minor elements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flynn, George J -- Bleuet, Pierre -- Borg, Janet -- Bradley, John P -- Brenker, Frank E -- Brennan, Sean -- Bridges, John -- Brownlee, Don E -- Bullock, Emma S -- Burghammer, Manfred -- Clark, Benton C -- Dai, Zu Rong -- Daghlian, Charles P -- Djouadi, Zahia -- Fakra, Sirine -- Ferroir, Tristan -- Floss, Christine -- Franchi, Ian A -- Gainsforth, Zack -- Gallien, Jean-Paul -- Gillet, Philippe -- Grant, Patrick G -- Graham, Giles A -- Green, Simon F -- Grossemy, Faustine -- Heck, Philipp R -- Herzog, Gregory F -- Hoppe, Peter -- Horz, Friedrich -- Huth, Joachim -- Ignatyev, Konstantin -- Ishii, Hope A -- Janssens, Koen -- Joswiak, David -- Kearsley, Anton T -- Khodja, Hicham -- Lanzirotti, Antonio -- Leitner, Jan -- Lemelle, Laurence -- Leroux, Hugues -- Luening, Katharina -- Macpherson, Glenn J -- Marhas, Kuljeet K -- Marcus, Matthew A -- Matrajt, Graciela -- Nakamura, Tomoki -- Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko -- Nakano, Tsukasa -- Newville, Matthew -- Papanastassiou, Dimitri A -- Pianetta, Piero -- Rao, William -- Riekel, Christian -- Rietmeijer, Frans J M -- Rost, Detlef -- Schwandt, Craig S -- See, Thomas H -- Sheffield-Parker, Julie -- Simionovici, Alexandre -- Sitnitsky, Ilona -- Snead, Christopher J -- Stadermann, Frank J -- Stephan, Thomas -- Stroud, Rhonda M -- Susini, Jean -- Suzuki, Yoshio -- Sutton, Stephen R -- Taylor, Susan -- Teslich, Nick -- Troadec, D -- Tsou, Peter -- Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Uesugi, Kentaro -- Vekemans, Bart -- Vicenzi, Edward P -- Vincze, Laszlo -- Westphal, Andrew J -- Wozniakiewicz, Penelope -- Zinner, Ernst -- Zolensky, Michael E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1731-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, 101 Broad Street, Plattsburgh, NY 12901, USA. george.flynn@plattsburgh.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170294" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The Stardust mission returned the first sample of a known outer solar system body, comet 81P/Wild 2, to Earth. The sample was expected to resemble chondritic porous interplanetary dust particles because many, and possibly all, such particles are derived from comets. Here, we report that the most abundant and most recognizable silicate materials in chondritic porous interplanetary dust particles appear to be absent from the returned sample, indicating that indigenous outer nebula material is probably rare in 81P/Wild 2. Instead, the sample resembles chondritic meteorites from the asteroid belt, composed mostly of inner solar nebula materials. This surprising finding emphasizes the petrogenetic continuum between comets and asteroids and elevates the astrophysical importance of stratospheric chondritic porous interplanetary dust particles as a precious source of the most cosmically primitive astromaterials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ishii, Hope A -- Bradley, John P -- Dai, Zu Rong -- Chi, Miaofang -- Kearsley, Anton T -- Burchell, Mark J -- Browning, Nigel D -- Molster, Frank -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 25;319(5862):447-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1150683.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. hope.ishii@llnl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18218892" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Nonstoichiometric grains with depletions of magnesium and silicon (relative to oxygen) and inclusions of iron-nickel metal and iron-rich sulfides have been identified in interplanetary dust particles from comets. These chemical anomalies accumulate in grains exposed to ionizing radiation. The grains, known as GEMS (glass with embedded metal and sulfides), were irradiated before the accretion of comets, and their inferred exposure ages, submicrometer sizes, and "amorphous" silicate structures are consistent with those of interstellar silicate grains. The measured compositional trends suggest that chemical (as well as isotopic) anomalies can be used to identify presolar interstellar components in primitive meteoritic materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bradley, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Aug 12;265(5174):925-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17782142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉