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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The function of the Space Station and a platform is studied. The development of an earth observing instrument platform in a near-polar geosynchronous orbit to provide data about the earth is examined. The establishment of a permanently manned Space Station will allow development of commercial laboratories. Architectural requirements for servicing, transportation, and assembly on the Space Station are analyzed. The study of physiological and psychological effects due to weightlessness can be conducted on the Space Station. Developments in space knowledge and technology that are possible with the Space Station are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Mission profiles for a Mars Surface Sample Return (MSSR) mission are considered. A profile using separate launches for a lander/ascent module and an orbiter/return system could use present technology and is appropriate for international cooperation. The achievement of clean interfaces between major building blocks and ease of controlling back contamination are advantages offered by the concept. A spatially distributed surface sample could be obtained by using multiple landers delivering samples to a common orbiter. The Pioneer Venus program, originally planned as a cooperative NASA-ESRO project, resulted in development of a standardized spacecraft bus yielding benefits at minimized cost. The first joint US-European planetary mission now planned is the launch of a Pioneer class orbiter to Jupiter in 1980. Feasibility studies are being conducted.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: IAF PAPER 74-041
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: From plasma to planet; Twenty-First Nobel Symposium; Sep 06, 1971 - Sep 10, 1971; Saltsjobaden; Sweden
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  • 5
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Near-term requirements which will guide the design of a manned space station in near-earth orbit are considered. A primary focus will be establishing a base for astronomical observations which demand long term integration times. Earth observation systems such as the thematic mappers and SAR can be utilized by a free flyer in sunsynchronous orbit. Biological experiments can be carried out only with pressurized modules, ultimately large enough for humans habitation. At first, expendables would be ferried up from earth, while over time the space station would become a closed-loop system. An orbital transfer vehicle is necessary for the repair of satellites stationed in higher energy orbits. The operations of the station would include checking out communications satellites before boost into GEO. Finally, the station would be the final staging point for interplanetary and/or asteroid intercept missions.
    Keywords: LAUNCH VEHICLES AND SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: AAS 82-112 , Spacelab, space platforms and the future; Fourth Joint AAS/DGLR Symposium and Twentieth Goddard Memorial Symposium; Mar 17, 1982 - Mar 19, 1982; Washington, DC
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  • 6
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The design and development of the Space Station are described. The proposed design of the Station is a dual keel configuration which will include manned facilities and unmanned free flying platforms. The Station is to be utilized as a space-based laboratory for basic research and observations, a depot for repair and servicing of spacecraft, a strorage area, and a manufacturing facility. International participation in the Space Station program and technological developments applicable for the Station are discussed. A diagram of the Space Station configuration and a Space Station development schedule are provided.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: An approach is proposed for the structuring of a planetary mission set wherein the peak annual funding is minimized to meet the annual budget restraint. One aspect of the approach is to have a transportation capability that can launch a mission in any planetary opportunity; such capability can be provided by solar electric propulsion. Another cost reduction technique is to structure a mission test in a time sequenced fashion that could utilize essentially the same spacecraft for the implementation of several missions. A third technique would be to fulfill a scientific objective in several sequential missions rather than attempt to accomplish all of the objectives with one mission. The application of the approach is illustrated by an example involving the Solar Orbiter Dual Probe mission.
    Keywords: ECONOMICS AND COST ANALYSIS
    Type: IAF PAPER 80-IAA-40 , International Astronautical Congress; Sept. 22-28, 1980; Tokyo; Japan
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This paper describes the approach that NASA will use to obtain the mandatory science results with a minimum expenditure of resources for the new thrusts which will be initiated. The specific projects that will be described to illustrate the planned utilization of standardized hardware and software are the Outer Planet Orbiter/Probe (Jupiter) and the Terrestrial Bodies Orbiter (Lunar) missions. This paper describes the coupling between these missions and future missions to a variety of bodies in the solar system and the benefits to be derived by developing a design that will accommodate future missions as opposed to optimized designs for each individual mission.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: IAF PAPER A-76-16 , International Astronautical Congress; Oct 10, 1976 - Oct 16, 1976; Anaheim, CA
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The application of robotics and automation technologies to the Space Station design is examined. Experiments being conducted in the fields of autonomy and robotics, and the benefits provided by these technologies are discussed. The use of automation and robotics in the operation management, the power system, and telerobot of the Space Station is described.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: IAF PAPER 86-62
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  • 10
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Space program goals that NASA can best achieve by the construction of a space station in keeping with the 1958 directive to maintain U.S. pre-eminence in space technology are discussed. Science goals that can be satisfied by a suitable equipped space station include a deeper understanding of the earth/sun system and the earth as a planet, the acquisition of new data on the evolution of the solar system, of life, and of the universe, and the extended study of the laws governing the state of matter and energy. Application goals that can be pursued with a space station include assaying all renewable and nonrenewable earth resources, predicting environment, weather, and climatic changes, studying ocean dynamics, using space to develop new processes and materials, and using space for information transmission on a global basis. The space station can serve as a waypoint for voyages by manned or unmanned spacecraft, as a laboratory, observation platform, and technology proving station, and as a base for deployment and repair of other spacecraft.
    Keywords: LAUNCH VEHICLES AND SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: AAS PAPER 83-193
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