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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibody formation against soluble protein from bovine Adrenal chromaffin granules
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 117 (1966), S. 107-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-4165(66)90157-7
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of experimental seismic shock on vasoactivity of arteries, integrity of the vascular endothelium and on primary stress hormones of the Atlantic salmon (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 45 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The postulated harmful effects of underwater detonations of explosives on the vascular endothelium in farmed Atlantic salmon were assessed under controlled conditions. Acclimated salmon were exposed to a series of 10 underwater explosions over 70 min, each of ≃2 MPa in pressure amplitude, in a laboratory tank. No mortality occurred immediately or during the subsequent 7 days of observation. The response to each of the 10 detonations was cessation of swimming for a few minutes and failure to express a flight reaction.Structurally, the vascular endothelium of the ventral aorta (VA) and the coeliaco mesenteric artery (CMA) revealed signs of injury within the first 30 min after the experimental shock. In contrast to vessels from the controls, the injury was further aggravated by the mounting procedure for tension recording. The endothelial impairment was temporary, persisting throughout the first days while being restored after 1 week.Functionally, the cholinergic and adrenergic vasoconstrictor responses in the CMA were markedly reduced during the first day after the shock. These responses were similar to those observed in the endothelium probed CMA of controls. The loss of structural integrity and the reduced functional responses indicated a temporary impairment of the vascular endothelium in response to this experimental simulation of a seismic shock.The primary stress hormones, adrenaline and cortisol, were not immediately elevated in plasma, but revealed different patterns of delayed increases. The head kidney content of catecholamines was not altered by the acoustic shock, while the atrial uptake of both calecholamines declined progressively during the 48 h of observation. Plasma chloride was not affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01067.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma catecholamines and accumulation of adrenaline in the atrial cardiac tissue of aquacultured Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during stress (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 41 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of stress on plasma catecholamines (CA) and capacity for tissue accumulation of CA were studied in cardiac and skeletal muscle of cultured Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography.Plasma A and NA levels were 56±10 nmoll−1 and 77±17 nmoll−1 (±s.e.m.), respectively, in a control group living under normal rearing conditions in a fish farm. Following a ±3 h period of pre-slaughter crowding and handling in the fish farm, plasma A reached 221 ± 72 nmol1−1 with no increase in plasma NA. An 0.5 h period of struggling out of water led to even higher level of plasma A (480 ± 89 nmol1−1), without change in NA.Skeletal muscle was low in CA (A, 0.07 ± 0.02 and NA, 0.06 ± 0.01 nmol g−1 wet wt). Tissue CA was higher in the atrium (A, 0.47 ± 0.04 and NA 0.94 ± 0.10 nmol g−1) than in the ventricle (A, 0.25 ± 0.03 and NA, 0.30 ± 0.02 nmol g−1). The 0.5 h period out of water and the 0.5-3 h period of pre-slaughter crowding led to accumulation of A, but not NA, in the atrium.These data show that A, released during stress, accumulates in an undegraded form in the atrial tissue of the Atlantic salmon. This suggests a potent uptake mechanism for A in the atria presumably in the sympathetic nerve terminals. The acumulation of A in the atrium appears to reflect the period of high plasma A during stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb03173.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature and adrenaline on the atrial myocardium of the cultured Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (1994)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 13 (1994), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: salmonids ; atrial frequency ; maximal tension ; pD2 (adrenaline) ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of acute temperature changes (2–17°C) on myocardial contractility with or without adrenergic activation were studied in the isolated spontaneously beating atrium of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared at 8°C. The atrial frequency was markedly elevated (from 7 to 46 beats/min) by the rise in temperature from 2–17°C. Both the time to peak tension and to relaxation time were shortened. In contrast, the temperature effect on the maximal tension was modest. Exposure to exogenous adrenaline (1.1 nM–11 μM) resulted in a substantial enhancement of the maximal tension, notably at 2°C, while potentiation of the frequency at 2, 8 and 14°C, was less pronounced. The apparent affinity (pD2) for adrenaline on the chronotropy was higher at 8 and 14°C than at 2°C. For the inotropic responses pD2 was highest at the acclimation temperature (8°C). By comparison with data for the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) obtained by the same experimental design (Ask et al. 1981), species differences were apparent both in temperature dependence of contractile parameters and in their adrenergic activation. The Q10 for the frequency in absence of adrenaline was higher in the salmon than in the trout for the temperature interval 2–17°C. The apparent affinities for adrenaline for the frequency at 8°C and 14°C and for the maximal tension responses at 2°C and 8°C were also highest for the salmon atrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004116
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The adrenal medulla: A model for studies of hormonal and neuronal storage and release mechanisms (1975)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 6 (1975), S. 127-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have observed that phospholipids and protein of the catecholamine (CA) storage granules, i.e. the chromaffin granules, interact in anin vitro system to form liposomal particles, which in many respects resemble the intact matrix of the bovine chromaffin granule. A model has been suggested which consists of an aqueous phase, containing the acidic chromogranins and intact dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) ATP and CA, embedded in a liquid crystal of the matrix phospholipids. Ca2+ may play a significant role in the sequence of functional transitions of such an organelle, not only in the accumulation of Ca2+, as during the secretory phase of the intact cell, but also as the agent inducing a separation of the outer membrane bilayer from the matrix phase to be released, as during exocytosis. Furthermore, a liposome model of the matrix may also tentatively explain the occurrence of intact matrices in the interstitium of stimulated glands. Recent evidence for the identity between chromogranin A and DBH subunits have been summarized and a possible role for the inactive subunits in the ionic binding of ATP and CA in the aqueous phase of the matrix is discussed. A role of Ca2+ and cyclic AMP in the mediation ofβ-adrenergic modulation is postulated on the basis of our recent work on acetylcholine-induced release of CA from perfused and stimulated bovine adrenals. We conclude that such aβ-adrenergic modulation is secondary to that of the cholinergic response. Hence, this activation is able to enhance the output induced by mild cholinergic stimulation although insufficient to evoke a CA release by itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732006
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural evidence for a direct connection between the myocardial granules and the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the cardiac ventricle of Myxine glutinosa (L.) (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 163 (1975), S. 353-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Specific heart granules (Cyclostome) ; Atrial granules ; Calcium ; Uranophilic core substance ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence of structural connections between myocardial granules and tubular elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the cardiac ventricle of the Atlantic hagfish is described. The core substance of the myocardial granules is shown to be uranophilic and in this respect similar to the granular cores within the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. After application of CaCl2-containing fixatives, the ultrastructure of the core substance of these organelles resembles that described for calcium-containing structures in vertebrate glial cells. Incidences of uranophilic core substance in the extracellular space suggest a secretory function of the myocardial granules. Possible implications of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the myocardial granules in storage, intracellular transport, and secretion of bound calcium are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219469
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature effects on theβ 2-adrenoceptors of the trout atrium (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 143 (1981), S. 161-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The contractile activity of the isolated atrium of the rainbow trout was studied as a function of temperature. In the absence of adrenaline a rise in temperature from 2°C to 17°C increased the contractile force and frequency, and the total tension generated during one minute was doubled. On the other hand, the effects of adrenaline on the contractile activity were most pronounced at 2°C indicating that sympathetic activation may be especially important in adjusting the heart to maximal performance at the lower range of environmental temperature. 2. The atrial adrenoceptor mediating inotropic and chronotropic effects of adrenaline was characterized as aβ 2-adrenoceptors at temperatures between 2 and 14°C, in agreement with earlier findings for this species at 8°C. This conclusion was based on the effects of catecholamines and a series of selective receptor agonists and blocking agents. 3. The present results provide further evidence for an ‘adrenaline’-receptor of theβ 2-adrenoceptors in the atrium of the rainbow trout being the ‘innervated’ and ‘humoral’ adrenoceptor at all temperatures within the physiological range for this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00797695
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature effects on the inotropic and chronotropic responses to adrenaline in the frog heart (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 132 (1979), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The contractile force and frequency of the spontaneously beating auricles ofRana tempeoraria were recorded as a function of temperature. Tracings of the tension development, its integrated and derived functions showed that the isolated auricles of warmadapted “winter” frogs responded to temperature with changes in inotropy but not in the tension generated in one minute. Adrenaline, previously shown to act via the $$\beta _{2^ - }$$ in the auricles of this frog, increased both the force and the frequency of the contractions between 5 and 25°C. The affinity for adrenaline was highest at 5°C for all the parameters examined. The maximal effect (efficacy) of adrenaline for Tmax, T′max and the tension-time integral was highest at 5°C while the efficacy of adrenaline on the heart rate reached its maximum at 25°C. At 5°C the tension generated in one minute was doubled by the maximally effective dose of adrenaline (1.4 × 10−6 M). These results strongly suggest that adrenaline, being the main sympathetic neurotransmitter in the frog, has an important role in adjusting the heart to maximal performance at the low temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00799044
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atrial β1-adrenoceptors in the trout (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 139 (1980), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The atrial adrenoceptors of the rainbow trout heart (Salmo gairdneri) were characterized in spontaneously beating preparations at 8 °C. The order of affinity for the inotropic and chronotropic responses was: Isoprenaline 〉 adrenaline ∼ salbutamol 〉 phenylephrine ∼ noradrenaline. Selective agonists and antagonists for mammalian α- and β1-adrenoceptors were without effect on the trout preparations. A potent neuronal uptake for adrenaline and noradrenaline could be demonstrated by means of cocaine blockade, consistent with considerable sympathetic innervation of the trout atrium. The results show that catecholamines increase the force and frequency of the atrium via a single, β2-type of adrenoceptor. It is suggested that there is no distinction between the “innervated” and the “humoral” β-adrenoceptors in the myocardium of this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691024
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural organization of the normal and anoxic heart of Scyllium stellare (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 399-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart ; Anoxia ; Lipid ; Glycogen ; Thebesian system ; Vascular system ; Elasmobranch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The general and ultrastructural organization of the heart of the elasmobranch, Scyllium stellare, was studied in normal and in anoxic animals. The rich coronary supply was revealed three-dimensionally by the use of corrosion casts, showing a thebesian system of coronary arterioles and capillaries in the thin, outer compact layer as well as in the predominant, inner spongy layer of trabeculae. Only the sinus venosus received a neuronal input of large bundles of granule-containing axons terminating at fenestrated regions of the endocardium and suggesting a neurohormonal function. A simple, tubular sarcoplasmic reticulum with flattened junctional cisternae was present in myocardial cells of 1–5 μm diameter, which contained one or two bundles of myofibrils. The latter were closely apposed to the inner aspect of the plasmalemma. Mitochondria were located centrally in the cells, which were joined by unfolded desmosomes involving Z-band material. Long periods of anoxia were tolerated without loss of heart function, but at the expense of cytoplasmic glycogen. Lipid granules were abundant in all layers and chambers, notably in animals prepared in the summer. The lipid granules displayed a marked increase in electron density when the heart was incubated in a buffered oxalate solution prior to fixation. A glycogen-sparing effect of the lipids during anoxia was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222190
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