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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Wood : chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions (2003)
    Oberwinter : Verl. Kessel
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 09.0005
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 613 S.
    ISBN: 3935638396
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the alkali extract from beech holocellulose (1976)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 10 (1976), S. 311-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The alkali extract (5% KOH) from beech holocellulose was fractionated by ion exchange chromatography, resulting in several fractions containing different amounts of polyoses and lignin. The separated polyoses varied to some extent in the ratios of their sugar components. Three different 4-0-methylglucurono-xylans and three arabinogalactans were isolated. There was a direct relationship between the chemical composition and the ultrastructure of the fractions. Those containing a pure 4-0-methylglucurono-xylan showed bundles of thin and stiff fibrils while in fractions with a high percentage of lignin coiled fibrils and globular particles could be observed in the electron microscope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350834
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aging and fossilization of wood and its components (1991)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 25 (1991), S. 153-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Aging of wood begins with the cutting of a tree. The subsequent changes of the wood substance proceed very slowly and depend on environmental conditions. In a hot, dry desert climate wooden objects and cellulose textiles are preserved for several millenia, whereas their degradation is accelerated by conditions which favor the attack of microorganisms. Two conditions under which aging processes take place can be distinguished: a) aerobic conditions as prevailing in wooden buildings, sculptures etc.; b) anaerobic conditions valid for wooden items buried in the ground or submerged in water such as foundation pillars, ships etc. Submersion and underground embedding initiate the very slow process of fossilization in which the cell wall substance is transformed into highly condensed compounds (coalification) or is substituted by minerals (silicification). The various wood components are subjected to different kinds of degradation and conversion. The polysaccharides disappear with aging and seem to be more sensitive than lignin. Although more resistant, the lignin is converted chemically and its structure differs increasingly from its original state. Even extractives may survive millions of years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223468
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of cellulose from wood (1969)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 3 (1969), S. 203-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Da bei diesen Untersuchungen Holz das Ausgangsmaterial zur Isolierung von Cellulose bildet, wurden die Struktur und die Zusammensetzung dieser pflanzlichen Substanz näher betrachtet. Neue Messungen der Faserdimensionen und der Dicke der einzelnen Wandschichten typischer Früh- und Spätholztracheiden in Verbindung mit Literaturwerten führten zu einem Modell, das die wahrscheinlichste Verteilung von Cellulose, Polyosen und Lignin innerhalb der Zellwand zeigt. Die ultrastrukturelle Zusammensetzung der verholzten Zellwand wurde aus den Eigenschaften und dem Verhalten der Zellwandkomponenten abgeleitet. Das beschriebene Modell wird die Grundlage für nachfolgende Betrachtungen bilden.
    Notes: Summary Since in these studies wood is used as basic material for the isolation of cellulose the structure and the composition of this planty substance were considered in greater detail. New measurements of the fiber dimensions and the thickness of the cell wall layers of typical springwood and summerwood tracheids in combination with data obtained from literature led to a model showing the most probable distribution of cellulose, polyoses, and lignin within the cell wall. The ultrastructural composition of the wood cell wall has been deduced from the properties and the behaviour of the cell wall components. The described model will be the basis for subsequent considerations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367212
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultramicrotomy, its application in wood research (1967)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 1 (1967), S. 191-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Begünstigt durch die fortschreitende Perfektionierung der Ultramikrotome und durch die Verfeinerung der Präparationsmethoden erlangte die Ultradünnschnitt-Technik große Bedeutung für die elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung der Feinstruktur der Holzzellen. Als Objekt der Ultramikrotomie hat Holz seine eigenen Probleme. Beim Schneiden ergibt sich aus der Inhomogenität der Zellwand und ihrer chemischen Natur die Bildung von Falten und Löchern in den Ultradünnschnitten. Diese Artefakte lassen sich nicht völlig vermeiden, doch sie können durch eine geeignete Einbettung und die Wahl des am besten geeigneten Messers auf ein Minimum gebracht werden. Es wird hervorgehoben, daß für die beste und zuverlässigste Aussage über das Objekt die Herstellung von Serienschnitten unbedingt erforderlich ist.
    Notes: Summary Forced by the progressive perfectionation of the ultramicrotomes and by the improvement of preparation methods, the ultrathin sectioning technique has gained high importance for the electron-microscopical studies of the fine structure of wood cell walls. Wood has its own problems for ultramicrotomy. During cutting, the inhomogeneity of the cell wall and its chemical nature result in the formation of wrinkles and holes in the ultrathin sections. These artefacts are not completely avoidable but can be reduced by suitable embedding and by choosing the most suitable knife to a minimum. It is pointed out that for the best and most reliable statement on the object the cutting of serial sections is indispensable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350461
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on holocellulose and alpha-cellulose from spruce wood using cryo-ultramicrotomy (1977)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 11 (1977), S. 265-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Cryo-ultramicrotomy was applied to holocellulose and alpha-cellulose from spruce wood (Picea abies Karst.) for a light and electron microscopical study of the removal of lignin during chlorite delignification and the changes in swelling during delignification and alkali extraction. The swelling state of the fibre walls during each stage of treatment was well preserved, and distinct differences could be observed. Staining with uranyl acetate brought out the fine structure of the fibre walls down to the range of elementary fibrils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356925
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on milled wood lignin from spruce Part II. Electron microscopic observations on the milled wood (1978)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 12 (1978), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Wood samples that had been ball-milled and extracted with dioxane under various conditions were observed in the scanning electron microscope. Ball milling causes not only a reduction in size of the cells and cell walls but also an internal disruption of the particles. The intensity of milling has a larger influence on the particle size than a prolongation of the milling time. A direct relation was established between particle size and the previously determined yield of purified milled wood lignin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350819
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the degree of substitution and pretreatments on the surface structure of cellulose nitrate fibres (1992)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 26 (1992), S. 393-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Cellulose nitrate fibres of three different degrees of substitution (DS) were prepared by heterogeneous reaction. The fibre surfaces were observed in the scanning electron microscope. Apart from the DS the influence of pretreatments such as prenitration and boiling of the fibres prior to nitration was studied. The results reveal an interaction between the cell wall layers and the esterification and swelling capacity of the nitration medium. In all cases the DS was determined by the composition of the nitration medium. A pretreatment influenced the fibre surfaces after nitration. The peculiar role of the primary wall during esterification is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226080
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on milled wood lignins from spruce part 1. Composition and molecular properties (1977)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 11 (1977), S. 133-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Isolation of six milled wood lignins (MWL) from spruce under different conditions resulted in variable yields between 2.2% and 11.8% related to wood lignin. The composition of crude and purified lignins was evaluated with regard to non-hydrolyzable residue, acid-soluble lignin and polysaccharide content, which varied from 0.9 to 2.5%, depending on isolation conditions. The polysaccharide moiety of the crude and purified lignins contained a high percentage of glucose, probably derived from cellulose. The molecular size distributions determined by gel chromatography on different gels showed a broad distribution for all isolated lignins. A probable maximum of 40,000 for the molecular weight of milled wood lignins was determined by ultracentrifugation. Some of the lignin fractions were examined in the electron microscope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350991
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of cellulose from wood (1970)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 15-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary During the delignification of wood several processes overlap one another. One of these is the penetration of the wood samples by the delignifying solution. Penetration tests under different conditions show that there is almost no difference in the penetration depth of wood samples penetrated by diffusion only and of wood samples treated with pressure. In both cases the pits are closed during the flow of fluids. Vacuum treated samples show better penetration and most of the pits in these samples remain open. The distribution of fluids within the cell walls takes place in the intercellular spaces, in small openings in the compound middle lamella and in the secondary wall 1 as well as in very fine pores in the secondary wall 2. The penetration of a wood sample is greatly facilitated if the sample is mechanically injured. A slowly proceeding delignification with ethylene sulphite shows that the delignification obviously starts in the S 1 layer and proceeds from there towards the compound middle lamella and the S 2 layer. In the first stages of lignin removal the compound middle lamella is also attacked, the attack beginning at the border of the pit chambers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356234
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