Publication Date:
2021-05-19
Description:
Chitin and chitosan are 2 very important products of biopolymer that enjoy high consumption in industry, but
their production sources are very limited. In this study, Artemia urmiana cyst shells were obtained from
previously collected and stored ones in Iranian Artemia Research Center. 20 kg of Artemia urmiana cyst shells
were sampled, cleaned, separated, dried and transferred to Iranian Artemia Research Center Laboratory to
extract their Chitin and chitosan. Their chitin and chitosan initially were extracted using optimized common
chemical methods. Their properties were compared to 2 other types of Chitin and chitosan obtained from crab
and shrimp manufactured by Vietnam and China, respectively. To determine their quality, elemental analysis
device , infrared spectrophotometry, x –ray radiography , determination of viscosity , molecular weight,
crystallinity percent , color, de stylization measure , empirical and molecular formulas were made . The results
showed that the percentage of chitin obtained from Artemia cyst Shells in Chemical method was 28 ± 3 % by
weight and efficiency into chitosan (grade steel relief) in this method was 50 ± 5 %. To optimize the extraction
procedure and the removal of proteins of chitin by biological practices that were done by sodium hydroxide in
the chemical method, it was replaced by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis.
And in the bio- phase of chitosan de steelation fungus Aspergillus niger enzyme was replaced instead of sodium
hydroxide at high temperatures.
The results showed that chitin and chitosan can be extracted from Artemia cyst shell using biological method and
their characteristics included as in chitin49.6% C , 8.2 % N , 7.5 % H, and 34.5 % O . Also the same levels for
chitosan were 44.4 %, 8.9, 7.2 and 39.5 %, respectively. Their other quality characteristics were included
chitin average molecular weight 4.9 × 10 6 Dalton , crystallinity percentage of 36.4 , viscosity at 20 ° C 31
centipoise and its color was gray to brown . In the biologic method, the average molecular weight of chitosan,
crystallinity percentage, viscosity at 20 ° C, were 5.1 × 105
Dalton, 94.5, and 18 centipoises, respectively. Also,
its color was pale brown. Chemical structure of extracted chitin and chitosan from the shell of Artemia urmiana
cysts were C_7H_12NO_4 and C_6H_11 NO_4c , respectively . The comparison of chitin and chitosan obtained from
each chemical and biological method revealed that replacing biological methods instead of chemical methods is
possible in achieving these products at suitable condition and better quality . This can eliminate the use of
chemicals damaging the environment such as sodium hydroxide and decrease environmental pollution.
Description:
Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
Description:
Published
Keywords:
Artemia urmiana cyst shell
;
Chitin
;
Chitosan
;
Chemical
;
Biological methods
;
Crab shell
;
Shrimp shell
;
Biotechnology
Repository Name:
AquaDocs
Type:
Report
,
Refereed
Format:
82pp.
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