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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloromethylated polystyrene in dilute solution (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 473-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The macromolecular chain conformation of chloro-methylated polystyrene and the effect of excluded volume have been studied by light scattering measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254373
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic polyelectrolytes (1991)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 27 (1991), S. 17-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Synopsis The aminolysis-hydrolysis of the nitrile groups of PAN with asymmetrical diamines as H2N-(CH2)m-NR2 was investigatied by IR spectroscopy (qualitative and quantitative) and elemental analyses. IR quantitative spectroscopy is an adequately proved method for investigation of the extent of transformation. The amine reactivity depends on the distance between the two amine groups and the size of the alkyl substituents on the tertiary amine. The data support the reaction mechanism by the nucleophilic attack of the primary amine on the two neighbouring nitrile groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296319
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic polyelectrolytes, XIIPart. XI cf.8.. PEG-precursor for water-soluble cationic polymers with tertiary n-atoms in the main chain (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 215 (1994), S. 107-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Polyaddition von Polyethylenglykol (PEG) Oligoglycidylethern (Mn (PEG): 396,587, 1437 und 3554) mit asymmetrischen Diaminen, wie N,N-Dimethylund N,N-Diethyl-1,3-diaminopropan, wurden wasserläosliche kationische Polymere erhalten. Die Eigenschaften der kationischen Polymeren sind vom urspräunglichen PEG-Molekulargewicht und der Diaminreaktivitäat abhäangig. PEG mit Mn = 396 zeigt das beste Verhalten. In verdäunnten wäassrigen Läosungen und in wäassrigen 2M NaCl-Läosungen der Polymeren wurde das Polyelektrolytverhalten veranschaulicht. Die Gegenwart der PEG Kette bestimmt das Polyelektrolytverhalten in den 2M NaCl Läosungen.
    Notes: Water-soluble cationic polymers were obtained by polyaddition of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) diglycidylethers (M̄n of PEG were 396, 587, 1437 and 3554, resp.) with asymmetrical diamines such as N,N-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane and N,N-diethyl-1,3-diaminopropane. The cationic polymer properties depend on the PEG initial molecular weight and on the diamine reactivity too. PEG with M̄n = 396 had the best behaviour in these reactions. The polyelectrolyte feature of cationic polymers was emphasized both in dilute aqueous solutions and in 2M aqueous NaCl solutions. The polyelectrolyte behaviour in 2M aqueous NaCl solution is determined by the PEG chain presence.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052150109
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymers with tertiary amino groups obtained by the reaction between chloromethylated polystyrene and 3-alkylaminopropionitrile (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 187 (1986), S. 9-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymers with tertiary amino groups were obtained by reaction of chloromethylated polystyrene (CMPS) with 3-alkylaminopropionitriles (2a  -  e). The resulting polymers 3a  -  e were characterized by elemental analyses, IR and 1H NMR spectra. Kinetic investigation showed that the reaction is characterized by two rate constants, the rate change taking place at a conversion of 45-50%. Viscosimetric studies of the hydrochlorides of polymers 3a  -  e in water and methanol showed that they behave as polyelectrolytes only in methanol. The abnormal behaviour of water solutions was explained by hydrolysis reaction. To prove the conclusions on the molecular structures of 3a  -  e and the reactivity of CMPS, a study of the reaction of benzyl chloride with the same amines was performed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1986.021870102
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polystyrene as an inert medium in the synthesis of the styrene/divinylbenzene/acrylonitrile copolymers (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 180 (1979), S. 2085-2093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Samples of styrene/divinylbenzene/acrylonitrile macroporous copolymers were prepared, using polystyrene as inert medium. The initial viscosity average molecular weight of the polystyrene samples were: M̄v.i=87000, 98000, 117000 and 218000. The polystyrene samples with the initial molecular weights M̄v.i=87000 and M̄v.i=117000 were reused as inert media, for many times, until they lost their capacity to produce permanent porosity of the copolymers. The macroporous copolymers were characterized by their permanent porosity and volume swelling. If a polystyrene sample is used for many times, the molecular weight of the polystyrene removed (extracted) is gradually diminished and therefore the permanent porosity of the macroporous copolymers decreases step by step. The reasons responsible for this behaviour are: during the copolymerization process a polystyrene with a smaller molecular weight is formed.polystyrene parts of high molecular weights are included in the network structure of the macroporous copolymers.The evidence for this was given by plotting the differential and integral molecular weight distribution curves for six samples of polystyrene.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1979.021800903
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyelectrolyte complexes. I. Synthesis and characterization of some insoluble polyanion-polycation complexes (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 3485-3494 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyanion-polycation complexes ; conductivity ; specific viscosity ; endpoint ; Ponceau 4R ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of some water-insoluble synthetic polyelectrolyte complexes formed between a weak polyanion and a strong polycation was followed. Sodium salts of poly(acrylic acid) and of some copolymers of acrylic acid with itaconic acid or maleic acid were used as anionic polymers. Cationic polyelectrolytes with quaternary ammonium salt groups in the main chain were used as strong polycations. The cationic polymers were different as concerns both the content of quaternary nitrogen atoms and the degree of branching. The complex formation was followed by the variation of the conductivity and of the specific viscosity of the reaction medium as well as by the turbidimetric titration versus the unit molar ratio polyanion/polycation. The deviation of the endpoint from stoichiometry was influenced mainly by the structure of the complementary polymers and by their molecular weights. The greater the structural differences, the higher the endpoint deviation from stoichiometry. Only insoluble polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) were obtained in all the polyanion/polycation systems taken into account. The PECs were separated and characterized by elemental and spectral analyses as compared with the complementary polymers. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of some flocculating processes with cationic polyelectrolytes (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 220 (1994), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Flockenbildungswirksamkeit von zwei kationischen Polyelektrolyten mit quaternären Ammoniumsalzen in der Kette und verschiedene Verzweigungsgraden wurde an einer Bentonit-Suspension untersucht und mit der von Polyacrylamid verglichen. Das kationische Polymere mit einem kleineren Verzweigungsgrad wirkt ähnlich wie Polyacrylamid und führt zu einer Entfernung von 100% der Suspensionspartikel. Im Fall des kationischen Polymeren mit einem höheren Verzweigungsgrad wird eine Erhöhung der Stabilität der Suspension bei sehr kleinen Konzentrationen (〉0,2 mg/L) beobachtet. In gleicher Weise wurde die Flockenbildungswirksamkeit für kationische Polymer/Polyacrylamid-Mischungen studiert.
    Notes: The flocculating efficiency of two cationic polyelectrolytes with quaternary ammonium salt groups in the main chain, with different branching degrees, on a bentonitic clay suspension, in comparison with polyacrylamide (PAM) was followed. The cationic polymer with a smaller branching degree operated similar to PAM. In both cases a purification of 100% was achieved. When the cationic polymer with a higher branching degree was used, a stabilization effect on the suspension was observed. The flocculating activity of the mixtures of the cationic polymer and polyacrylamide was also studied.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052200102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion exchanger resins, I. Anion exchangers with tertiary amine groups on poly(acrylonitrile-co-divinylbenzene) networks (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 200 (1992), S. 27-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Makroporöse Acrylnitril-Divinylbenzol-Copolymere wurden in Gegenwart von 2-Ethyl-1-hexano1 oder Toluol als Verdünnungsmittel hergestellt und bezüglich des Acrylnitrilgehalts und der Struktur charakterisiert. Die Proben mit dem geringsten Homopolymeranteil wurden durch Aminolyse-Hydrolyse der Nitrilgruppen mit N,N-Dialkylaminoalkylaminen in schwach basische Anionenaustauscher transformiert. Aus den Austauschkapazitäten und IR-spektroskopischen Untersuchungen geht hervor, daß die Reaktivität der asymmetrischen Diamine von der Nucleophilie der primären Amingruppe abhängt.
    Notes: Macroporous copolymers of poly(acrylonitrile-co-divinylbenzene) were synthesized in the presence of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2EH) and toluene as diluents. The copolymers were characterized by acrylonitrile content and from morphological point of view. Samples with a minimum content of homopolymer were transformed into weak base anion exchangers by the aminolysis-hydrolysis reaction of the nitrile groups with N,N-dialkylaminoalkylamines. The reactions were investigated by the exchange capacity variation and IR-spectral analysis. It was emphasized that the reactivity of asymmetrical diamines depends on the nucleophilicity of the primary amine group.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1992.052000103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of di- and trivalent anionic azo dyes with polycations of integral type (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 18 (1997), S. 541-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The spectral changes of Crystal Ponceau 6R and Ponceau 4R induced by the interaction with polycations having N,N-dimethyl-2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diylammonium chloride units in the main chain were followed. The stoichiometry of the polycation-dye complex related to the dye structure was elaborated by UV-VIS spectrophotometry and viscosimetric measurements. Formation of a tricomponent complex between the polycation/dye complex and poly(sodium acrylate) was also revealed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1997.030180702
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of the low-molecular weight salts with cationic polyelectrolytes (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 2571-2581 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: cationic polyelectrolytes ; counterion binding ; viscosity ; conductivity ; salts ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The interaction of several mono-, di-, and trivalent anions with cationic polyelectrolytes having different contents in N,N-dimethyl-2-hydroxypropylen ammonium chloride units (polymer A) or tertiary amine N-atoms and PEG (polymer PEGA) in the main chain was studied by viscosimetric and conductometric measurements. Both methods have shown a stronger interaction for tri- and bi- than for univalent counterions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2571-2581, 1997
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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