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  • 1
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    From Pleistocene to trophic rewilding [Biological Sciences] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-06
    Description: Nearly 10 y ago, we (1) critiqued the idea of Pleistocene rewilding (2), a misguided attempt to resurrect bygone ecosystems. Much has happened to the Earth’s biodiversity over the decade since the term “Pleistocene rewilding” was coined, most of it bad. More than half a billion people have been added...
    Keywords: Letters, Sustainability Science
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Reproductive skew and selection on female ornamentation in social species (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: Male animals are typically more elaborately ornamented than females. Classic sexual selection theory notes that because sperm are cheaper to produce than eggs, and because males generally compete more intensely for reproductive opportunities and invest less in parental care than females, males can obtain greater fitness benefits from mating multiply. Therefore, sexual selection typically results in male-biased sex differences in secondary sexual characters. This generality has recently been questioned, because in cooperatively breeding vertebrates, the strength of selection on traits used in intrasexual competition for access to mates (sexual selection) or other resources linked to reproduction (social selection) is similar in males and females. Because selection is acting with comparable intensity in both sexes in cooperatively breeding species, the degree of sexual dimorphism in traits used in intrasexual competition should be reduced in cooperative breeders. Here we use the socially diverse African starlings (Sturnidae) to demonstrate that the degree of sexual dimorphism in plumage and body size is reduced in cooperatively breeding species as a result of increased selection on females for traits that increase access to reproductive opportunities, other resources, or higher social status. In cooperative breeders such as these, where there is unequal sharing of reproduction (reproductive skew) among females, and where female dominance rank influences access to mates and other resources, intrasexual competition among females may be intense and ultimately select for female trait elaboration. Selection is thereby acting with different intensities on males and females in cooperatively versus non-cooperatively breeding species, and female-female interactions in group-living vertebrates will have important consequences for the evolution of female morphological, physiological and behavioural traits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rubenstein, Dustin R -- Lovette, Irby J -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 10;462(7274):786-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08614.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Columbia University, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, 10th Floor Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York 10027, USA. dr2497@columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Body Size/physiology ; Competitive Behavior ; Cooperative Behavior ; Feathers/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Markov Chains ; Mating Preference, Animal/*physiology ; Monte Carlo Method ; Phylogeny ; Reproduction/*physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sex Characteristics ; *Social Behavior ; Social Dominance ; Starlings/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Linking breeding and wintering ranges of a migratory songbird using stable isotopes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: We used the natural abundance of stable isotopes (carbon and hydrogen) in the feathers of a neotropical migrant songbird to determine where birds from particular breeding areas spend the winter and the extent to which breeding populations mix in winter quarters. We show that most birds wintering on western Caribbean islands come from the northern portion of the species' North American breeding range, whereas those on more easterly islands are primarily from southern breeding areas. Although segregated by breeding latitude, birds within local wintering areas derive from a wide range of breeding longitudes, indicating considerable population mixing with respect to breeding longitude. These results are useful for assessing the effects of wintering habitat loss on breeding population abundances and for predicting whether the demographic consequences will be concentrated or diffuse.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rubenstein, D R -- Chamberlain, C P -- Holmes, R T -- Ayres, M P -- Waldbauer, J R -- Graves, G R -- Tuross, N C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1062-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. drr24@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Canada ; Carbon Isotopes/*analysis ; Deuterium/*analysis ; Ecosystem ; Feathers/*chemistry ; Female ; Geography ; Homing Behavior ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Regression Analysis ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; Songbirds/*physiology ; United States ; West Indies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Key ornamental innovations and diversification [Evolution] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-26
    Description: Patterns of biodiversity are often explained by ecological processes, where traits that promote novel ways of interacting with the environment (key innovations) play a fundamental role in promoting diversification. However, sexual selection and social competition can also promote diversification through rapid evolution of ornamental traits. Because selection can operate only...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Spatiotemporal environmental variation, risk aversion, and the evolution of cooperative breeding as a bet-hedging strategy (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-20
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Key ornamental innovations facilitate diversification in an avian radiation (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-10
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Comparative sociality (2016)
    Royal Society
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-12
    Description: Animal societies are typically divided into those in which reproduction within a group is monopolized by a single female versus those in which it is shared among multiple females. It remains controversial, however, whether these two forms of social structure represent distinct evolutionary outcomes or endpoints along a continuum of reproductive options. To address this issue and to determine whether vertebrates and insects exhibit the same patterns of variation in social structure, we examined the demographic and reproductive structures of 293 species of wasps, ants, birds and mammals. Using phylogenetically informed comparative analyses, we found strong evidence indicating that not all reproductive arrangements within social groups are viable in nature and that in societies with multiple reproductives, selection favours instead taxon-specific patterns of decrease in the proportion of breeders as a function of group size. These outcomes suggest that the selective routes to sociality differ depending upon whether monopolization of reproduction by one individual is possible and that variation within and among taxonomic groups may lead to the false perception of a continuum of social structures. Thus, the occurrence of very large societies may require either complete reproductive monopolization (monogyny/singular breeding) or the maintenance of a taxon-specific range of values for the proportional decrease in the number of breeders within a group (polygyny/plural breeding), both of which may reduce reproductive conflict among females.
    Keywords: behaviour, ecology, evolution
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 8
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    Stigmergy and animal space use [Applied Mathematics] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-16
    Description: Collective animal behavior studies have led the way in developing models that account for a large number of individuals, but mostly have considered situations in which alignment and attraction play a key role, such as in schooling and flocking. By quantifying how animals react to one another’s presence, when interaction...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Flight calls signal group and individual identity but not kinship in a cooperatively breeding bird (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-22
    Description: In many complex societies, intricate communication and recognition systems may evolve to help support both direct and indirect benefits of group membership. In cooperatively breeding species where groups typically comprise relatives, both learned and innate vocal signals may serve as reliable cues for kin recognition. Here, we investigated vocal communication in the plural cooperatively breeding superb starling, Lamprotornis superbus , where flight calls—short, stereotyped vocalizations used when approaching conspecifics—may communicate kin relationships, group membership, and/or individual identity. We found that flight calls were most similar within individual repertoires but were also more similar within groups than within the larger population. Although starlings responded differently to playback of calls from their own versus other neighboring and distant social groups, call similarity was uncorrelated with genetic relatedness. Additionally, immigrant females showed similar patterns to birds born in the study population. Together, these results suggest that flight calls are learned signals that reflect social association but may also carry a signal of individuality. Flight calls, therefore, provide a reliable recognition mechanism for groups and may also be used to recognize individuals. In complex societies comprising related and unrelated individuals, signaling individuality and group association, rather than kinship, may be a route to cooperation.
    Print ISSN: 1045-2249
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Multiple benefits of alloparental care in a fluctuating environment (2018)
    Royal Society
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    Publication Date: 2018-02-22
    Description: Although cooperatively breeding vertebrates occur disproportionately in unpredictable environments, the underlying mechanism shaping this biogeographic pattern remains unclear. Cooperative breeding may buffer against harsh conditions (hard life hypothesis), or additionally allow for sustained breeding under benign conditions (temporal variability hypothesis). To distinguish between the hard life and temporal variability hypotheses, we investigated whether the number of alloparents at a nest increased reproductive success or load-lightening in superb starlings ( Lamprotornis superbus ), and whether these two types of benefits varied in harsh and benign years. We found that mothers experienced both types of benefits consistent with the temporal variability hypothesis, as larger contingents of alloparents increased the number of young fledged while simultaneously allowing mothers to reduce their provisioning rates under both harsh and benign rainfall conditions. By contrast, fathers experienced load-lightening only under benign rainfall conditions, suggesting that cooperative breeding may serve to take advantage of unpredictable benign breeding seasons when they do occur. Cooperative breeding in unpredictable environments may thus promote flexibility in offspring care behaviour, which could mitigate variability in the cost of raising young. Our results highlight the importance of considering how offspring care decisions vary among breeding roles and across fluctuating environmental conditions.
    Keywords: behaviour, ecology
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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