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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 12 (1982), S. 129-142 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Physical data are given for the two polymorphs, ancylite type (A-type) and bastnaesite type (B-type), of the rare-earth hydroxycarbonates [Ln(OH)CO3]. They include infrared absorption spectra and, in the case of neodymium electronic absorption spectra for the 4f 3 configuration recorded at 4 K. From the spectra one concludes that the rare-earth ion largely occupies a single site for both compounds. The OH infrared bands are very sharp. The optical data are compared with the results of structural investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A possibility of studying the Raman effect of minerals “in situ” is now offered by the Raman microprobe which presents the two following characteristics: the ability to produce a point-size illurnination: the size of the laser beam impact may be as narrow as 1 μm2; a wide aperture optics permitting to catch the diffuse light. The spectra obtained from synthetic spinels belonging to the series Mg(Cr x Al2−x )O4 display noticeable shifts for some frequency bands and particularly a major shift of the high frequency band corresponding to the A1g mode. This displacement is included between 685 cm−1 for the Cr end-member and 770 cm−1 for the Al one. An identical phenomenon is shown by the spectra obtained from natural chromites of general formula (Mg,Fe2+)(Al, Cr, Fe3+)2O4. Thus one correlate the location of this high frequency band with the ratio Cr/Cr+Al of each member belonging to the synthetic spinels serie and each natural chromite sample. On the ground of the hypothesis that spinels belong to theFd3m spatial group, the group theory expects five Raman active vibrational modes: A1g +E g +3T2g . These expectations in agreement with the experimentation on the natural MgAl2O4 spinel, but the spectra of synthetic spinels as well as those of natural chromites, show a number of bands greater than five. Two hypothesis are given to explain the existence of some of those supplementary bands.
    Notes: Résumé La microsonde Raman-Laser permet d'étudier l'effet Raman des minéraux “in situ” et ce grâce à ses deux caractéristiques principales. la possibilité de produire un éclairement ponctuel, la surface d'impact du faisceau laser est de l'ordre du μm2; un objectif à grande ouverture numérique qui collecte la lumiêre diffusée. Les spectres obtenus à partir de spinelles de synthèse de la série Mg(Cr x Al2−x )O4 montrent un phénomène de variation de fréquence pour un certain nombre de bandes et plus particulièrement pour la bande de haute fréquence correspondant au mode A1g. En ce qui conceme cette dernière, la variation est comprise entre 685 cm−1 pour le terme purement chromifère et 770 cm−1 pour le terme purement alumineux. Un phénomène identique se produit dans les spectres obtenus à partir de chromites naturelles de formule générale (Mg, Fe2+) (Al, Cr, Fe3+)2O4. Ainsi la position de la bande de haute fréquence est corrélée avec le rapport Cr/Cr+Al de chaque terme appartenant soit à la série des spinelles de synthèse soit aux chromites naturelles. En partant de l'hypothèse que les spinelles appartiennent au groupe spatialFd3m, la théorie des groupes prévoit cinq modes actifs en Raman, à savoir: A1g +E g +3T2g . C'est ce que nous constatons pour le spinelle alumineux naturel MgAl2O4, mais les membres de la série Mg(Cr x Al2−x )O4 aussi bien d'ailleurs que les chromites naturelles présentent un nombre de bandes supérieur à cinq. Deux hypothèses sont formulées pour expliquer l'existence de certaines de ces bandes supplémentaires.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 1849-1856 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Citric precursors are used to produce BaTiO3, the Ba/Ti ratio being fixed by a mixed Ba-Ti citrate. The conditions for its solubility in organic agents (ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol+ citric acid) has been studied and used to investigate various routes of synthesis (resin, spray pyrolysis or films). The transformation from the resin to the mineral phase has been investigated. In all cases the powders are aggregates of 150 nm. Their structure is cubic or tetragonal depending upon the route followed and they are at the limit of a structural metastability. Sintering may be accomplished below 1250 °C if the 150 nm aggregates are properly arranged. This depends upon the route chosen to produce them.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 8 (1997), S. 415-418 
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: silica-alumina ; crystallization ; enthalpy ; mullite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystallization of amorphous chemically homogeneous powders in the SiO2.Al2O3 system has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Up to 1300°C only one exotherm has been observed. Only mullite crystallizes for compositions ≤69 mol% Al2O3 and spinel for those ≤80%. The crystallizations into mullite and spinel are sharp and exothermic, with an enthalpy of 250–300 J/g. The chemical composition of the crystallized mullite regularly increases from 68 to 76 mol% Al2O3 with increasing bulk composition from 60 to 75 mol% Al2O3.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 2 (1994), S. 367-370 
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: mullite ; new synthesis ; 17O ; 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mullite has been prepared from a new combination of precursors. An aluminum alkoxide, aluminium isopropoxide, and silicon tetrachloride, are hydrolysed in tetrahydrofuran solution by 17O enriched water. The resulting powder is chemically homogeneous, crystallizing into mullite at 980°C. The structural evolution has been studied by DTA, TGA, XRD and 17O, 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 1085-1094 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: contactless techniques ; density ; high-speed digital video ; high temperatures ; laser heating ; liquid alumina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The density of liquid alumina drops maintained in levitation with an aerodynamic device and heated with CO2 lasers is determined by analysis of high-speed video digital images between 2000 and 3100 K in various gases. It is shown that consistent results can be achieved for the lighter drops (m〈100 mg) which do not depend on the nature of the gas. Experiments performed with lasers impinging the drop surface or during free cooling of the preheated drop gave similar results. The density is represented by the following expression: d=(2.79±0.01)(l−α(T−2500)) g·cm−3, where α=(4.22 ±0.14) × 10−5K−1.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 115-121 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Pigments of titanium dioxide rutile, coated with SiO2〉-Al2O3, have been characterized by high-resolution solid state NMR. The model samples were prepared following four synthesis routes differing by the aluminate and silicate salts addition sequence. From 27Al single pulse MAS and 3Q-MAS NMR experiments, we characterize short range order around Al and distinguish several types of environment: AlIV, AlV, AlVI and AlVI linked to Ti, depending upon synthesis route and thermal treatment. The major difference between the different samples is observed after heat treatment at 750 °C. Rotational echo double resonance 27Al-1H and cross-polarization H-Si experiments provide longer range distance information through dipolar coupling to proton. Two types of surface treatment can be distinguished from 27Al-1H Redor by the presence of proton free alumina domain in the surface treatment.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The structural evolution from amorphous to crystalline mullite, for different 3Al2O3 · 2SiO2 mono- and diphasic precursors, has been investigated by 29Si and 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy. The crystallization has also been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The chemical composition in the aluminosilicate network of the diphasic precursors and in the crystallized phases has been determined from the 29Si NMR spectra. A close agreement is found with the composition deduced from the lattice parameters measured by XRD. For monophasic precursors the amount of hexa-coordinated aluminium atoms decreases when the temperature increases while Al(IV) and Al(V) increase. Al(VI) practically completely disappears just before the crystallization at 980 °C. An alumina-rich mullite 2Al2O3 · SiO2 (2∶1 mullite) is then formed through a strong exotherm. An enthalpy of 75 kJ per mol is determined for the crystallization of the 2∶1 mullite. At higher temperatures the segregated silica is progressively reincorporated into the mullite lattice. For diphasic precursors the 29Si NMR spectroscopy shows the segregation of silica. The aluminosilicate network is then richer in alumina and the amount of remaining AlO6 octahedra before the crystallization at 980 °C is higher. Spinel crystallizes and continues to become richer in alumina until it reacts with silica to form the stoichiometric 3∶2 mullite at 1260–1275 °C. The nature of the crystallization is related to the local composition of the amorphous alumino-silicate network and to the amount of AlO6 octahedra on approaching 980 °C.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1988), S. 289-290 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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