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  • 1
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Biomaterials ; Materials ; Nanotechnology ; Toxicology
    ISBN: 9781402068454
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 7 (1997), S. 35-50 
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Keywords: Parathiocyanogen ; polythiocyanogen, polythiazyl or polysulfurnitride ; sym-triazine ; polyazomethine ; sulfur bridges
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract New data from 13C-NMR spectrometry as well as from FT-IR, UV-VIS, X-ray diffraction pattern, and thermal stability (TGA, DTA) confirm that parathiocyanogen or polythiocyanogen (SCN)x has a linear structure analogous to that assigned to polythiazyl or polysulfurnitride, (SN)x. Based also on the chemical reaction of (SCN)x with NaCN and Na2S, it is shown that the other alternative structures taken into account (sym-triazine based and polyazomethine with sulfur bridges) are not likely the correct ones for parathiocyanogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 236 (1996), S. 21-33 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aceton wurde unter der Einwirkung von NaOH, NaOEt und KOH in ethanolischer oder methanolischer Lösung und bei Molverhältnissen Aceton/Base zwischen 1,5 : 1 und 12 : 1 zu einem flüssigen Harz polymerisiert. Das Polymerisationsprodukt wurde mit einer maximalen Ausbeute von 60% bezogen auf das eingesetzte Aceton und in allen Fällen mit unterschiedlichen Mengen an Isophoron als Nebenprodukt erhalten. Die Polyen-Struktur des Ketonharzes wurde mittels Elektronen- und IR-Spektroskopie sowie durch Vergleich mit einem Isophoron-Harz als Modellsubstanz nachgewiesen. Es wird vermutet, daß die Struktur des Acetonharzes der eines Kondensationsprodukts von Aceton mit Isophoron oder von Isophoron mit sich selbst entspricht. Acetonharze, die mit Brönsted-Säuren, Lewis-Säuren und alkalischen Katalysatorsystemen hergestellt wurden, lassen sich leicht bis zu einem bestimmten Sättigungsgrad halogenieren. Mit Maleinsäureanhydrid, 4-Benzochinon oder Fumarsäure bilden die Acetonharze Diels-Alder-Addukte, die ein bis zwei Dienophilmoleküle pro Harzmolekül aufweisen.
    Notes: Acetone was polymerized under the action of NaOH, NaOEt or KOH in ethanolic or methanolic solutions at a molar ratio acetone/base ranging from 1.5 : 1 to 12:1 to give a liquid resin. The liquid resin was obtained with a maximum yield of 60% over initial acetone and was always accompanied by variable quantities of isophorone. The polyenic nature of the ketonic resin obtained was shown by infrared and electronic spectroscopy, as well as by using an isophorone resin as model compound. It is proposed that the structure of the acetone resin should be a condensation product of acetone/ isophorone and isophorone/isophorone. Acetone resins (PCA) obtained both with Brönsted acids (PCA-B), Lewis acids (PCA-L) and alkaline catalysts (PCA-A) can be easily halogenated up to certain degrees of saturation. All PCA resins form Diels-Alder adducts with maleic anhydride, p-benzoquinone and fumaric acid. The adducts can contain from 1 to 2 dienophile molecules per molecule of resin.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 236 (1996), S. 1-19 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aceton kann unter der Einwirkung von Protonensäuren (konz. H2SO4), Supersäuren (CF3SO3H) order Lewis-Säuren (AlCl3) in einer Polyaldol-Kondensationsreaktion zu einem festen Harz homopolymerisiert werden. Die Kinetik der Polymerisation wurde dilatometrisch und spektrophotometrisch verfolgt. Einige der in der Anfangsphase der Polykondensation gebildeten Zwischenprodukte wurden durch Elektronenspektroskopie und mit Hilfe der Woodward-Fieser-Regeln für α,β-ungesättigte Ketone identifiziert. Die allgemeine Struktur des erhaltenen Harzes wurde unter Berücksichtigung des Aufbaus früher Kondensationsprodukte von Aceton durch thermodynamische Berechnungen und das Vinylogie-Prinzip, Elementaranalyse, Elektronen- und IR-Spektroskopie sowie 1H-NMR- bzw. 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie ermittelt. Die so erhaltenen Ergebnisse und theoretischen Überlegungen führten zu einer Polyen-Struktur, ähnlich der von Poly(methylacetylen), jedoch mit funktionellen Gruppen wie Ketooder Hydroxygruppen an der Hauptkette oder als Endgruppen und mit geminalen Methylgruppen am Kettenende.
    Notes: Acetone can be homopolymerized by a polyaldolic condensation reaction under the action of protic acids (conc. sulfuric acid), superacids (CF3SO3H), or Lewis acids (AlCl3) to give a solid resin. The polymerization kinetics was followed dilatometrically and spectrophotometrically. Several intermediates formed during the early stage of polycondensation were identified by means of electronic spectroscopy and Woodward-Fieser rules for α,β-unsaturated ketones.The general structure of the resin obtained was elucidated, knowing the structures of the early condensation products formed from acetone, by using thermodynamical calculations and the vinylogy principle, as well as by elemental analysis, electronic and infrared spectroscopy, 1H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectrometry. The data thus obtained and the theoretical considerations led to a polyenic structure resembling poly(methylacetylene) but with some functional groups like ketonic groups and hydroxy groups present on the main chain or as end groups and with geminal dimethyl groups as end groups.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 249 (1997), S. 137-149 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Struktur von unlöslichem Schwefel, einem polymeren Schwefel-Allotrop, das durch langsames Kühlen von Schwefeldampf erhalten wurde und als nichtblühendes Vulkanisierungsagens in der Kautschukindustrie eingesetzt wird, wurde mit der Pulver-Röntgendiffraktometrie untersucht. Das Beugungsmuster wurde mit bekannten Daten von plastischem Schwefel und faserartigem Schwefel, der bei hohen Drücken von 30 bis 60 kbar hergestellt wurde, verglichen. Die Überstrukturen des plastischen und des faserartigen Schwefels sind ähnlich, jedoch verschieden von derjenigen des unlöslichen, in der Kautschukindustrie verwendeten Schwefels. Das FTIR-Spektrum des unlöslichen Schwefels wurde dem des rhombischen Schwefels gegenübergestellt. Es zeigte sich, daß die FTIR-Spektroskopie für die qualitative Analyse von Schwefelallotropen sehr gut geeignet ist. Mit DSC-Messungen wurde das thermische Verhalten des hergestellten unlöslichen Schwefels untersucht, und die Schmelzwärme und der Schmelzpunkt wurden mit den entsprechenden Werten für rhombischen und monoklinen Schwefel verglichen.
    Notes: The structure of insoluble sulfur prepared by quenching sulfur vapours, a polymeric sulfur allotrope used as non-blooming vulcanizing agent in the rubber industry, has been studied by X-ray diffraction of powders. The diffraction pattern has been compared with previous data taken on stretched plastic sulfur and fibrous sulfur prepared at very high pressures (30-60 kbar).The superstructures of stretched plastic sulfur and fibrous sulfur are shown to be similar to each other but different from that of insoluble sulfur used in the rubber industry. The FT-IR spectrum of insoluble sulfur has been reported in comparison with that of rhombic sulfur, showing that this technique is very useful for qualitative analysis of sulfur allotropes. The thermal behaviour of insoluble sulfur was studied by DSC and the heat of fusion and the melting point were determined in comparison with rhombic and monoclinic sulfur.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 1705-1710 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with a 25 mol % epoxide content has been chlorinated or brominated in halogenated solvents. The structures of the resulting polymers have been studied by infrared spectrophotometry, and their thermal behavior, by TGA and DSC, and compared with that of chlorinated and brominated natural rubber. For halogenated ENR, a structure of halogenated blocks separated by furanized blocks and products of ring-opening epoxide groups has been proposed. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 34 (1994), S. 49-57 
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: diimide hydrogenation ; polyoctenamer ; polybutadiene ; high density polyethylene ; polynorbornene ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Diimide-hydrogenated polyoctenamer and polynorbornene have been characterized by FT-infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Hydrogenated polyoctenamer has been studied in comparison with hydrogenated polybutadiene and polyethylene. A crystallinity ranging from 71% to 77% was found, while the melting point of hydrogenated polyoctenamer was found to be in the range 127-129°C. Hydrogenated polyoctenamer as well as hydrogenated polybutadiene resemble high density polyethylene (HDPE). Polynorbornene, which is completely amorphous, after hydrogenation shows a certain degree of crystallinity and a melting point of 140.8°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 39 (1996), S. 91-99 
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: polyphenylacetylene ; phenylacetaldehyde ; aldolic polycondensation ; polymeric semiconductor ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The aldolic polycondensation of phenylacetaldehyde leads to the formation of polyphenylacetylene. Both thermodynamic calculations and the principle of vinylology suggest that phenylacetaldehyde can be polymerized to polyphenylacetylene. It is shown that 1 mol phenylacetaldehyde gives polyphenylacetylene when it is heated with 0.5 mol oleum in xylene. Also sulphuric acid in xylene or in dioxan gives a low molecular weight polyphenylacetylene. Other condensing agents such as phosphoric acid, boric acid and aluminium trichloride are not effective. Basic agents such as KOH or sodium methoxide are not effective. By means of UV-VIS, FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies, it is clearly shown that the product obtained is a trans-cisoidal polyphenylacetylene. The spectral properties have been elucidated in comparison with reference polyphenylacetylenes obtained from phenylacetylene over Rh(I) catalyst prepared in situ in the reaction mixture, and from MoCl5. The chemical behaviour of all polyphenylacetylenes obtained in this work towards chlorine has been studied.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 2063-2065 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In order to overcome the use of solvents like carbon tetrachloride (during the industrial preparation of chlorinated natural rubber or chlorowaxes) which are suspected of damaging the layer of atmospheric ozone, I proposed the use of liquid Cl2 as both chlorinating agent and solvent. It is shown that natural rubber or synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene can be swelled by liquid chlorine at -40°C. By equilibrating to room temperature, the rubber is chlorinated by the expansion of the chlorine trapped in the rubber granules in a process resembling popcorn formation. Chlorine uptake was found to be 56.5% and the chlorinated rubber obtained was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. Cis-1,4-polybutadiene, when chlorinated with liquid chlorine, gives a hard insoluble product with chlorine content of 36%. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-09-02
    Print ISSN: 0236-5731
    Electronic ISSN: 1588-2780
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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