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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London [u.a.] : Routledge
    Call number: AWI A3-02-0037
    Description / Table of Contents: Synoptic and dynamic climatology provides the first comprehensive account of the dynamical behaviour and mechanisms of the global climate system and its components, together with a modern survey of synoptic-scale weather systems in the tropics and extratropics, and of the methods and applications of synoptic climate classification. It is unrivalled in the scope and detail of its contents. The work is thoroughly up to date, with extensive reference sections by chapter. It is illustrated with plates and nearly 300 figures. Part 1 provides an introduction to the global climate system and the space-time scales of weather and climate processes, followed by a chapter on climate data and their analysis. Part 2 describes and explains the characteristics of the general circulation of the global atmosphere, planetary waves and blocking behavior, and the nature and causes of global teleconnection patterns. Part 3 discusses synoptic weather systems in the extratropics and tropics, and satellite-based climatologies of synoptic features. It also describes the methods and applications of synoptic climatology and summarizes current climatic research and its directions. The book is intended for advanced students in climatology and environmental and atmospheric sciences, as well as for professionals in the field of climate dynamics and variability. It presents both established findings about global climate and unresolved issues. Its comprehensive reference lists provide an invaluable guide to further study.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XV, 620 S., [2] Bl. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    ISBN: 0415031168
    Note: Contents: List of plates. - Preface. - Acknowledgments. - PART 1 The climate system and its study. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 The global climate system. - 1.2 Time and space scales of weather and climate processes. - 1.3 Dynamic and synoptic climatology. - 1.4 The structure of the book. - 2 Climate data and their analysis. - 2.1 Synoptic meteorological data. - 2.2 Remotely sensed data. - 2.3 Climate variables and their statistical description. - 2.4 Analytical tools for spatial data. - 2.5 Time series. - 2.6 Empirical orthogonal function analysis, clustering, and classification. - Appendix 2.1 Eulerian and Lagrangian methods. - PART 2 Dynamic climatology. - 3 Global climate and the general circulation. - 3.1 Planetary controls. - 3.2 Basic controls of the atmospheric circulation and its maintenance. - 3.3 Circulation cells. - 3.4 The Earth's geography. - 3.5 Climate system feedbacks. - 3.6 General circulation models. - 3.7 The global circulation-description. - 3.8 Centers of action. - 3.9 Global climatic features. - 3.10 Air masses. - Appendix 3.1 Potential vorticity. - 4 Large-scale circulation and climatic characteristics. - 4.1 Time-averaged circulation. - 4.2 Jetstreams. - 4.3 Planetary waves. - 4.4 Zonal index. - 4.5 Zonal and blocking flow modes. - 4.6 Blocking mechanisms.- 4.7 Low-frequency circulation variability and persistence. - 4.8 Intraseasonal oscillations. - Appendix 4.1 Spectral harmonic functions. - Appendix 4.2 Eliassen-Palm flux. - Appendix 4.3 Normal modes. - 5 Global teleconnections. - 5.1 Pressure oscillations and teleconnection patterns. - 5.2 The Southern Oscillation and El Niño. - 5.3 ENSO mechanisms. - 5.4 Teleconnections with ENSO. - 5.5 Extratropical teleconnection patterns. - 5.6 North Atlantic Oscillation. - 5.7 North Pacific Oscillation. - 5.8 Zonally symmetric oscillations. - 5.9 The southern hemisphere. - 5.10 Tropical-extratropical teleconnections. - 5.11 Teleconnections and synoptic-scale activity. - 5.12 Time-scale aspects of teleconnections. - 5.13 Interannual to interdecadal oscillations. - Appendix 5.1 Partitioning between equatorially symmetric and antisymmetric components. - PART 3 Synoptic climatology. - 6 Synoptic systems. - 6.1 Early studies of extra tropical systems. - 6.2 Climatology of cyclones and anticyclone. - 6.3 Development of cyclones. - 6.4 Storm tracks. - 6.5 Satellite-based climatologies of synoptic features. - 6.6 Synoptic-scale systems in the tropics. - Appendix 6.1 The Q-vector formulation. - 7 Synoptic climatology and its applications / Roger G. Barry and Allen H. Perry. - 7.1 Synoptic pattern classification. - 7.2 Subjective typing procedures. - 7.3 Objective typing procedures. - 7.4 Principal catalogs and their uses. - 7.5 Regional applications. - 7.6 Analogs. - 7.7 Seasonal structure. - 7.8 Climatic trends. - 7.9 Environmental applications. - 8 Retrospect and prospect. - Further reading. - Index.
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 418 (2002), S. 601-601 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The potential of condensation trails (contrails) from jet aircraft to affect regional-scale surface temperatures has been debated for years, but was difficult to verify until an opportunity arose as a result of the three-day grounding of all commercial aircraft in the United States in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 3 (1989), S. 207-220 
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A link between the Antarctic sea-ice extent and low-frequency atmospheric variations, particularly ENSO, has been suggested by recent modeling and empirical studies. This question is examined here using a high-resolution (by week, by region) data base of Antarctic sea-ice extent for the 1973–1982 period. Although of relatively short duration by Northern Hemisphere standards, such a data base offers an opportunity rare in Southern Hemisphere climate studies. The seaice variations are examined in the context of longer-term indices of the large-scale atmospheric circulation. These are a Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and an index of sea-level pressure (SLP) wavenumber one in the Southern Hemisphere extratropics. The indices are updated through 1982, and their associations with regional-scale pressure indices in the Australia-New Zealand sector are also examined. The 1973–1982 period is anomalous when compared with the period 1951–1972. Correlation analysis of the monthly sea ice and circulation index values reveals that much of the apparent link between the ice and the SOI suggested in previous studies arises from autocorrelations present in both data sets and the strong annual cycle of sea-ice extent. Removing these effects from the data and re-running the correlations reveals that most of the resulting “significant” associations between the ice and one or other of the circulation indices can probably be explained on the basis of chance. In order to reconcile these findings with previous studies that show some strong ice-circulation interactions on regional scales, only those months in which significant correlations occur between both largescale circulation indices and the sea ice are examined further. These occur preferentially in the Ross and Weddell sectors, which constitute the regions contributing most to the variability of Antarctic sea ice. The analysis suggests that the sea-ice-extent changes lag the SOI by several months but may precede changes in extratropical SLP wavenumber one. Confirmation of these tentative regional ice extent-circulation teleconnections necessarily awaits the forward extension of the high-resolution sea-ice data base beyond the 10 years available here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Abstract Associations between polar air cloud vortices (“polar lows”), as an indicator of intermediate-scale atmospheric activity, and the Antarctic sea ice, are examined for the Southern Hemisphere winter (June–September). Seven consecutive winters, spanning a period of marked interannual variability of the atmospheric circulation and sea ice (1977–83), are analyzed using sets of DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) imagery. Relatively high frequencies of polar lows are found in ice-edge and adjacent ocean latitudes. There is some evidence for an equatorward shift in the latitude of maximum monthly polar low occurrence during the June to September period. Polar low incidence over the Southern Hemisphere on interannual time scales shows a close association with positive sea ice anomalies in the longitudes of more frequent cold air outbreaks from higher latitudes. This is particularly apparent for winters of strongly anomalous circulation, such as FGGE (1979) and the major ENSO of 1982–83. However, for individual cases on daily to weekly time scales, the feedback of cold air — sea ice advance — polar low development is not always evident, and implies that additional processes may contribute to polar air cyclogenesis in the marginal ice zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-01-18
    Description: Traditionally, the daily average air temperature at a weather station is computed by taking the mean of two values, the maximum temperature (Tmax) and the minimum temperature (Tmin), over a 24-h period. These values form the basis for numerous studies of long-term climatologies (e.g., 30-yr normals) and recent temperature trends and changes. However, many first-order weather stations—such as those at airports—also record hourly temperature data. Using an average of the 24 hourly temperature readings to compute daily average temperature has been shown to provide a more precise and representative estimate of a given day’s temperature. This study assesses the spatial variability of the differences in these two methods of daily temperature averaging [i.e., (Tmax + Tmin)/2; average of 24 hourly temperature values] for 215 first-order weather stations across the conterminous United States (CONUS) over the 30-yr period 1981–2010. A statistically significant difference is shown between the two methods, as well as consistent overestimation of temperature by the traditional method [(Tmax + Tmin)/2], particularly in southern and coastal portions of the CONUS. The explanation for the long-term difference between the two methods is the underlying assumption for the twice-daily method that the diurnal curve of temperature is symmetrical. Moreover, this paper demonstrates a spatially coherent pattern in the difference compared to the most recent part of the temperature record (2001–15). The spatial and temporal differences shown have implications for assessments of the physical factors influencing the diurnal temperature curve, as well as the exact magnitude of contemporary climate change.
    Print ISSN: 0894-8755
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0442
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1989-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0343-2521
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9893
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-02-01
    Print ISSN: 1523-0430
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-4246
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Taylor & Francis
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1980-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0004-0851
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Taylor & Francis
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-09-01
    Print ISSN: 1352-2310
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-2844
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2007-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0168-1923
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-2240
    Topics: Geography , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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