ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Electronic Resource

Carbon dioxide anaesthesia in rainbow trout: effects of hypercapnic level and stress on induction and recovery from anaesthetic treatment (1998)

Bernier, N. J. ; Randall, D. J.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of fish biology 52 (1998), S. 0

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ISSN: 1095-8649

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: The physiological and anaesthetic effects of three different levels of air-saturated and buffered CO2 anaesthesia, Pwco2=31, 78, or 125 mmHg, were examined in cannulated rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss . Complete anaesthesia (no opercular movements) was not achieved by these hypercapnic levels after 20 min of CO2 exposure. Although increasing Pwco2 reduced the induction times to the early stages of anaesthesia, it also resulted in increasing hyperventilatory, hypoxaemic, and acid-base disturbances. After a 10-min recovery period, while the respiratory acidosis component of the acid-base disturbance was corrected, there was a significant metabolic acidosis. Recovery time was longest in the high Pw co2 treatment where 33% of the fish died. Two additional groups (Pwco2=37 and 78 mmHg) were exposed to an acute stress prior to the anaesthetic treatment. Stress reduced the hypoventilatory effects of the low Pwco2 treatment, increased the recruitment of anaerobic metabolism, and prolonged recovery time. Although the increase in plasma catecholamines elicited by the stress was small relative to the response obtained with the anaesthetic, stress prior to CO2 anaesthesia impaired the efficiency of the treatment. Overall, our results suggest that Pwco2 levels above 37 mmHg and/or stress prior to the anaesthesia impair the efficiency of air-saturated and buffered CO2 anaesthesia by exacerbating the hypoxaemic effects of the hypercapnic treatment.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb02022.x

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2

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Comparative study of soil organic layers in two bilberry-spruce forest stands (Vaccinio-Piceetea). Relation to forest dynamics

Bernier, N. ; Ponge, J.F. ; Andre, J.

Amsterdam : Elsevier

Geoderma 59 (1993), S. 89-108

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ISSN: 0016-7061

Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(93)90064-R

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3

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Humus form dynamics during the sylvogenetic cycle in a mountain spruce forest

Bernier, N. ; Ponge, J.F.

Amsterdam : Elsevier

Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26 (1994), S. 183-220

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ISSN: 0038-0717

Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90161-9

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4

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Earthworm feeding activity and development of the humus profile (1998)

Bernier, N.

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 26 (1998), S. 215-223

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Key words Earthworm casts ; Earthworm diets ; Food selection ; Humus profile ; Spruce forest

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Earthworm casts and digestive tract contents were simultaneously examined, using the same methods, in a recently formed humus profile in a mountain spruce forest. Earthworm species had distinct diets and an earthworm foodweb could be distinguished. Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea icterica were distinct from the other species examined: the former to some extent as a litter consumer, and both species because they excavated mineral material which was deposited within new top layers of the mull humus. Aporrectodea nocturna and Aporrectodea caliginosa both had a non-specific soil feeding mode. Most of the species enriched the humus profile with amorphous organic matter finely incorporated within a mineral matrix. Besides different food selection, a network of burrows was produced as a consequence of the different burrowing behaviour of each earthworm species.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050370

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5

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Lumbricus terrestris L. distribution within an experimental humus mosaic in a mountain spruce forest (1998)

Bernier, N. ; Ponge, J.-F.

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1998), S. 81-86

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Key words Earthworm ; Lumbricus terrestris ; Spruce forest ; Humus type ; Mosaic dynamics

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract An experiment was designed at a mountain site to study the distribution of adult Lumbricus terrestris in relation to a small-scale mosaic of humus forms representative of different stages of a spruce forest ecosystem. Good agreement was found between distribution in the mosaic and that in the field. ANOVA tests demonstrated the strong influence of humus form on earthworm abundance when comparing a vermimull (high earthworm burrowing activity) taken from a spruce regeneration site (61.8 individuals m–2) with a leptomoder (no earthworm burrowing activity) taken from a 60-year-old spruce stand (6.2 individuals m–2). Other humus forms were intermediate (mean density 34.6 individuals m–2). The same pattern was found with individual biomass, but with lower significance. Main differences observed in the experimental design were attributed to the immediate carrying density of the humus forms. A distinction was made between humus profiles built up with or without spruce cover. In the latter case (regeneration site and bilberry heath), the immediate carrying capacity indicated by the experimental approach overestimated the field density by a factor of 4. Under spruce this overestimate was even higher (approximately 10 times too high in an adult spruce stand (160 years old) and 30 times too high under moss cover). The increase in density due to experimental conditions was not determined for leptomoder humus accumulated under the actively growing spruce stand (60 years old) since the earthworm density was near zero in both cases. Relationships between humus form and earthworm populations are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050466

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6

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Altitudinal changes in humus form dynamics in a spruce forest at the montane level (1996)

Bernier, N.

Springer

Plant and soil 178 (1996), S. 1-28

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: altitude ; earthworms ; forest sustainability ; heathland ; humus dynamics ; spruce forest

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract An altitudinal transect was studied at the montane level in a spruce forest, in order to describe changes in humus form dynamics. Whatever the elevation, the periodicity of humus form changes is copied on forest dynamics. Spruce regeneration is restricted both in space and time to favourable micro-site conditions accompanying tree fall gaps. One of these conditions is a shift from moder to mull humus form. As a result, this forest ecosystem shows a space-time mosaic pattern. The recovery of mull humus form takes more time as elevation increases and thus the ratio mull:moder progressively decreases. Simultaneously, burrowing earthworms become scarce. Nevertheless mull humus form does not change basically at increased elevation. On the other hand, moder has little organic matter at the lower montane level. At the mid montane level, accumulation of holorganic faeces into OH horizon is maximum. A mor-moder (few faunal traces) is observed during tree growth phase at the upper montane level. Lack of nutrient availability was hypothesized to explain the observed shift from mull to moder or mor-moder during the phase of intense tree growth. An increased independancy between the building of a moder humus profile and the actual accumulation of organic matter was the main change occurring with elevation. The transition to the subalpine level may thus be defined as the highest elevation up to which the forest ecosystem is able to reverse the mor-building process produced by tree growth. The discoupling between primary producers, plant debris accumulation and decomposers observed in the subalpine spruce forest leads to a breaking point in the carrying capability of humus for spruce seedlings. At high elevation spruce seedlings are mainly observed on rotten wood. The influence of humus form dynamics upon forest sustainability was discussed. The lack of humus biological activity at higher elevation was found to be a reason for the weakness of the forest ecosystem faced to the bilberry heath. Forest sustainability depends both on mull and moder. It was observed that moder failed to recover after mull along the forest cycle and turned to mor in harsh climate conditions. Consequences of management practices on the issue of competition between forest and heath were also discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011159

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7

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Cardiovascular control via angiotensin II and circulating catecholamines in the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias (1999)

Bernier, N. J. ; Gilmour, K. M. ; Takei, Y. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of comparative physiology 169 (1999), S. 237-248

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ISSN: 1432-136X

Keywords: Key words Catecholamines ; Angiotensin II ; Cardiovascular control ; Hypotension ; Spiny dogfish ; Squalus acanthias

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Abstract The contributions of circulating angiotensin II (Ang II) and catecholamines to cardiovascular control in the spiny dogfish were investigated by monitoring the effects of exogenous and endogenous dogfish [Asn1, Pro3, Ile5]-Ang II (dfAng II) on plasma catecholamine levels and blood pressure regulation. Bolus intravenous injections of dfAng II (30–1200 pmol kg−1) elicited dose-dependent increases in plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations, caudal artery pressure (P CA), and systemic vascular resistance (R S), and a decrease in cardiac output (Q). Similar injections of Ang II in dogfish pre-treated with the α-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (4 mg kg−1) also elicited dose-dependent increases in plasma catecholamine levels yet the cardiovascular effects were abolished. Dogfish treated with yohimbine were hypotensive and had elevated levels of plasma Ang II and catecholamines. Intravenous injection of the smooth muscle relaxant papaverine (10 mg kg−1) elicited a transient decrease in P CA and R S, and increases in plasma Ang II and catecholamine levels. In dogfish first treated with lisinopril (10−4 mol kg−1), an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, papaverine treatment caused a more prolonged and greater decrease in P CA and R S, an attenuated increase in plasma catecholamines, and no change in plasma Ang II. By itself, lisinopril treatment had little effect on P CA, and no effect on R S, plasma Ang II or catecholamines. In yohimbine-treated dogfish, papaverine treatment elicited marked decreases in P CA, R S, and Q, and increases in plasma Ang II and catecholamines. Among the three papaverine treatments, there was a positive linear relationship between plasma Ang II and catecholamine concentrations, and the cardiovascular and hormonal changes were most pronounced in the yohimbine + papaverine treatment. Therefore, under resting normotensive conditions, while Ang II does not appear to be involved in cardiovascular control, catecholamines play an important role. However, during a hypotensive stress elicited by vascular smooth muscle relaxation, Ang II indirectly contributes to cardiovascular control by dose-dependently stimulating catecholamine release.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600050217

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