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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 22 (1983), S. R9 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 103 (2000), S. 177-188 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Keywords: Fracture criteria ; interface fracture mechanics ; interface fracture toughness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Several criteria for interface fracture are examined and compared to test results obtained from glass/epoxy specimens. These include two energy release rate criteria, a critical hoop stress criterion and a critical shear stress criterion. In addition, approximate plastic zone size and shape within the epoxy are determined for these tests.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 41 (1989), S. 177-196 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Il est devenu courant d'utiliser la méthode des éléments finis pour le calcul des facteurs d'intensité d'entaille de corps fissurés à deux dimensions. Dans l'étude, on se penche sur le problème plus difficile de l'application à des corps tridimensionnels fissurés. Comme on considère un matériau linéairement élastique, il existe des singularités de contraintes d'ordre 1/2 le long du bord d'une fissure noyée. Pour résoudre les difficultés numériques, on recourt à des éléments volumiques singuliers isoparamétriques à vingt noeuds, à configuration quart-points adaptée à la recherche. On procède à l'examen de ces éléments en vue de déterminer l'étendue du comportement singulier. En outre, on explore, avec les éléments quart-points, la technique de la dérivée de la rigidité afin de déterminer un protocole fiable pour le calcul des facteurs d'intensité de contraintes en trois dimensions. On pose le problème du choix de l'étendue la plus adéquate d'une fissure virtuelle. A cette fin, la perturbation associée aux singularités de contraintes d'ordre 1/2 est étudiée et comparée à celle qui se présente à deux dimensions. On traite comme exemple numérique avec divers maillages le cas d'une fissure en ongle dans un cylindre de hauteur de hauteur finie. On trouve que les facteurs d'intensité de contraintes peuvent être calculés avec une précision de l'ordre de un pour-cent lorsqu'on fait appel à des éléments quart-points cylindriques avec la technique des dérivées de la rigidité, et à une extension de la fissure selon laquelle un noeud de coin est rigide, l'autre noeud de coin est déplacé sur une courte distance, et le noeud intermédiaire est mû sur la moitié de cette distance. Une telle extension de fissure est analogue à celle de l'avancement d'une fissure droite dans un élément cubique. Ces deux types d'extension d'une fissure perturbent les singularités de contrainte d'ordre 1/2 d'une manière similaire à celle qui se produit avec un élément bidimensionnel à huit noeuds dans lequel la fissure a progressé sur une courte distance.
    Notes: Abstract Use of the finite element method for calculating stress intensity factors of two-dimensional cracked bodies has become commonplace. In this study, the more difficult task of applying finite elements to three-dimensional cracked bodies is investigated. Since linear elastic material is considered, square root singular stresses exist along the edge of an embedded crack. To deal with this numerical difficulty, twenty noded, isoparametric, serendipity, quarter-point, singular, solid elements are employed. Examination of these elements is carried out in order to determine the extent of the singular behavior. In addition, the stiffness derivative technique is explored, together with quarter-point elements, to determine an accurate procedure for computing stress intensity factors in three-dimensions. The problem of chosing a proper virtual crack extension is addressed. To this end, the disturbance in the square root singular stresses is examined and compared with a similar disturbance which occurs in two-dimensions. As a numerical example, a pennyshaped crack in a finite height cylinder is considered with various meshes. It is found that stress intensity factors can be calculated to an accuracy within 1 percent when quarter-point cylindrical elements are employed with the stiffness derivative technique such that the crack extension is one in which one corner node is not moved, the other corner node is moved a small distance, and the midside node is moved one-half that distance. This crack extension is analogous to that of a straight crack advance for a brick element. Both of these crack advances disturb the square root singular stresses in a manner similar to that which occurs with the two-dimensional eight noded element in which the crack has been advanced a small distance.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Two methods are examined for accurately calculating stress intensity factors in two and three dimensions: the stiffness derivative technique and the J-integral method. In two dimensions the J-integral is expressed as an area integral, whereas in three dimensions it is a volume integral. With both techniques, a virtual crack extension is introduced. Although the expressions employed for each method are quite different, it is proven that when written analytically for finite element calculation, they reduce to identical expressions. Numerical calculations are carried out in both two and three dimensions. As a result of the equivalence of the two methods, close numerical agreement is expected. For two-dimensional geometries and a penny shaped crack in a finite height cylinder, there is at least five significant figure agreement between solutions determined by both methods. For an elliptical crack embedded in a plate, the agreement is generally to four significant figures.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 40 (1989), S. 143-155 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a étudié une éprouvette, dénommée éprouvette en anneau, en vue de déterminer la ténacité à la ruptureK tc sous des conditions d'auto-frettage. Des essais ont été effectués sur des éprouvettes standards en forme d'arc et sur des éprouvettes en anneau sans auto-frettage en vue d'obtenir les valeurs deK tc dans le cas d'un acier pour âme de canon choisi pour l'étude. Ces essais ont conduit à des résultats similaires. Des essais ont également été effectués sur des échantillons en anneau auto-frettés à 100% de sur-dilatation correspondant à diverses longueurs de fissure. Les résultats ont montré une diminution deK tc de l'ordre de 60%. On peut déduire de cette observation que la longueur critique relative à une fissure dans une âme d'un canon auto-fretté réalisé dans ce matériau sera plus faible que prévu. Bien que l'écrouissage où l'auto-frettage améliore l'endurance en fatigue par des croissances de la vitesse de propagation d'une fissure, on constate qu'elle diminue leK tc, occasionnant de ce point de vue des conditions plus dangereuses. Dans le cas d'une construction qui doit garantir un service de longue durée, la décroissance de la dimension critique d'une fissure peut être pénalisante. Bien entendu, ceci n'est qu'un résultat pour un matériau particulier avec un traitement thermique spécifique, qui dès lors ne peut être généralisé. D'autres matériaux doivent être également testés.
    Notes: Abstract A specimen, called the ring specimen, was developed to determine the fracture toughnessK tc, under conditions of autofrettage. Tests were carried out on standard arc shaped specimens and ring specimens without autofrettage to obtainK tc values of a gun barrel steel chosen for study and seen to yield similar results. Tests were also performed on autofrettaged (100 percent overstrain) ring specimens at various crack lengths producing results with a dramatic decrease inK tc of 60 per cent. From this, it may be inferred that the critical length of a crack in an autofrettaged gun barrel made of this material will be less than anticipated. Although cold work or autofrettage enhances fatigue life by decreasing crack propagation rate, it is seen to decreaseK tc creating, from this point of view, more dangerous conditions. For a design which must guarantee long life, the accompanying decrease in critical crack size may indeed prove a liability. Of course, this is a result for one particular material with a specific heat treatment and therefore not general; other materials must be tested, as well.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 85 (1997), S. 333-350 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of a notch at a bimaterial interface is considered. An influence function is developed for determining the stress intensity factors for all notch angles in infinite bodies. Particular solutions are obtained for cracks in homogeneous and bimaterial bodies and for bonded strips. Comparison with solutions in the literature is excellent.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 71 (1995), S. 247-271 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Influence of layer thickness on the stress distribution in the vicinity of a crack tip is examined, taking into account the fact that the conventional stress intensity factor concept becomes invalid if the thickness of the layer is not much more than the size of the fracture process zone. An eigen-problem is considered which is characterized by two asymptotes. The first is a near one; it is formed in a small vicinity of the crack tip in the layer thickness scale. The second asymptote is a far one in the same scale. The regions of validity of these asymptotes are determined and shown to depend upon layer thickness, material parameters and crack tip speed. The complete stress distribution in front of the crack is obtained, as well. Some conclusions are made concerning the stress distribution and energy release rate for the general problem. Mode III crack propagation is considered in detail.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 76 (1995), S. 169-191 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A numerical mode I weight function first presented by Parks and Kamenetzky [1] is extended for application to three-dimensional cracked bodies. This weight function makes use of the stiffness derivative method as part of finite element calculations. A virtual crack extension is employed. The major difficulty is proper interpretation of the shape function variation for implementation in three dimensions. Numerical examples in two and three dimensions are examined. Excellent results are obtained in comparison to solutions in the literature, as well as some further finite element studies which are carried out here.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 30 (1986), S. 181-201 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On analyse le cas d'une éprouvette présentant une rupture de mode mixte en vue de mesurer les valeurs à la rupture de K I et K II , le rapport K 1 /K 2 étant compris entre 0 et 0,28. Pour réaliser l'expérience, il y a lieu d'établir les formules d'étalonnage mettant en relation K I et K II avec la charge appliquée et les paramètres géométriques de l'éprouvette. A cette fin, on applique à l'éprouvette une méthode de fonction pondérée de mode mixte, requérant les valeurs des facteurs d'intensité de contraintes et les champs de déplacement induits par deux cas de mise en charge différents. Ces quantités sont déterminées grâce à une analyse par éléments finis utilisant un élément singulier à l'extrémité de la fissure. Pour les rapports de K ci-dessus, le champ de contraintes dans la région centrale de l'éprouvette avant introduction de la fissure est sensiblement uniforme. On peut, dès lors, écrire les expressions des facteurs d'intensité de contrainte correspondant au mode mixte désiré sous forme d'une produit de deux facteurs: l'un dépend de la longueur de fissure et l'autre de l'angle de mise en charge. L'essai peut être exécuté une fois obtenues les formules d'étalonnage de K en fonction de la charge appliquée et de la géométrie de l'éprouvette. On utilise dans le cas présent des éprouvettes en perspex, et les résultats pour K I , K II et l'angle de propagation de la fissure lors de la rupture concordent assez bien avec les courbes de rupture déterminée à partir d'une critère élargi de la tension tangentielle maximale.
    Notes: Abstract A mixed-mode fracture specimen which is employed to measure K I and K II failure values for 0≤K I /K II ≤0.28 is analyzed. In order to perform experiments, specimen calibration formulas relating K I and K II to the applied load and specimen geometric parameters must be obtained. To this end, a mixed-mode weight function method is applied to the specimen, requiring the stress intensity factors and displacement fields induced by two different loading cases. These quantities are determined by means of a finite element analysis which makes use of a singular crack tip element. For this range of K ratio, the stress field in the central region of the specimen before crack introduction is nearly uniform; hence, expressions for the desired mixed-mode stress intensity factors may be written as the product of two factors; one depending upon crack length and one depending upon loading angle. Once the K calibration formulas are obtained as a function of applied load and specimen geometry, testing may be carried out. Here, perspex specimens are tested; results for K I , K II and crack propagation angle at fracture compare reasonably well with failure curves determined from an extended maximum tangential stress criterion.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 46 (1990), S. 105-122 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An elasto-plastic analysis of a compact mode II fracture specimen is performed. Both an approximate approach with rigid plastic material and a more exact elasto-plastic finite element calculation are carried out. From this analysis, an η-factor is determined relating the J-integral to the internal energy measured along the specimen crack faces. It is shown through the finite element computation that it is justifiable to define an η-factor. With this result, it is now possible to perform tests on aluminium specimens so as to determine J IIc.
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