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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 19 (1986), S. 42-46 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 19 (1986), S. 2806-2810 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of N,N-diethyl-9-carbazolylacetamide (6), (R,S)- and (R)-N,N-diethyl-2-(9-carbazolyl)propanamide (7), N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-di-(9-carbazolylacetyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (11), and (R)-N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-di[2-(9-carbazolyl)propanoyl]-1,2-ethanediamine (13) is reported. The racemic compound, (R,S)-2-(9-carbazolyl)propanoic acid (2), was resolved by partial crystallization of the diastereomeric salts formed between 2 and (+)-α-methylbenzylamine. The 1H-NMR spectra of 6 and 7 showed magnetic nonequivalence of the chemically equivalent protons of the methyl and methylene groups in 6 and 7 due to partial double bond character of the amide bond. The upfield resonances corresponding to the two sets of methyl and methylene protons were assigned by the aromatic solvent-induced shift (ASIS) method to the protons anti to the carbonyl oxygen in the conformation of amide bond in 6 and 7. The 1H-NMR spectra of 11 and (R)-13 were used to determine the population of anti-anti, anti-syn (syn-anti) and syn-syn conformers in the structures of these dimer model compounds; the relative conformer populations were 0.45:0.47:0.08 and 0.28±0.02:0.29±0.01:0.43±0.01 in 11 and (R)-13.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 37-60 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of carbazola substituted N-acylated polyethylenimines, namely, poly[N-(9-carbazolyl)acetylethylenimine] 20 and poly[N-(2-(9-carbazolyl))propanoylethylenimine] 21 by a grafting reaction onto PEI and isomerization polymerization of the carbazole substituted 2-oxazolines is reported. A complete acylation of amino groups in PEI by the 9-carbazolylacetyl groups was achieved by the p-nitrophenyl active ester method but PEI was only partially N-acylated by the 2-(9-carbazolyl)propanoyl groups under similar reaction conditions. The carbazole substituted 2-oxazolines, namely, 2-(9-carbazolyl)methyl-2-oxazoline 18 and (R,S)-2-[1-(9-carbazolyl)]ethyl-2-oxazoline 19, were prepared by a base induced cyclization of ß-chloroamides. The ring-opening isomerization polymerization of 18 and 19 in the molten state with a cationic initiator (dimethyl sulfate, methyl triflate, or ethylene glycol ditosylate) gave 20 and 21. Gel permeation chromatography of 20 and 21 obtained with different monomerto-initiator ratios gave evidence of a chain transfer reaction with the monomer. The polymers were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 259-269 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The quenching of pyrene fluorescence by nitromethane, Tl+, Cu2+, I-, and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in aqueous solutions of a pyrene substituted poly(acrylic acid) (1) was influenced by the “polyelectrolyte effect” of 1. The efficiency of quenching in solutions of 1 was measured in terms of the Stern-Volmer constants for dynamic and static quenching which were obtained from comparison of the intensity and lifetime of pyrene fluorescence in solutions of 1 and a monomer model compound. The efficiency of quenching in solutions of 1 was always greater at high pH (9) in comparison to that at low pH (4). The ionization of carboxylic groups in 1 caused an expansion of the polymer mainchain and concomitant exposure of the pyrene molecules to the aqueous phase and quencher. The polyanion domain of 1 favored the condensation of cationic quenchers and could account for very efficient quenching in case of Cu2+ and Tl+. A very efficient quenching of pyrene fluorescence in solutions of 1 by DMAP at high pH was attributed to the hydrophobic interactions of DMAP and pyrene moiety. The iodide ions were less efficient quenchers of pyrene fluorescence due to electrostatic repulsion from the polyanion. The efficiency of quenching by nitromethane was not significantly affected by ionization of the carboxylic groups in 1.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 25 (1987), S. 243-262 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Photophysical properties of the pyrene chromophore covalently bound to poly(acrylic acid) were used to investigate the interactions of a pyrene substituted poly(acrylic acid) (1) with poly(vinyl amine hydrochloride) (PVAm), poly(1-aminoacrylic acid) (PDA), and poly(1-acetylaminoacrylic acid) (PADA) in aqueous solutions. A number of photophysical parameters were obtained from fluorescence emission and excitation spectra, the deconvolution of decay curves for pyrene monomer, and excited state complex fluorescence and the quenching of pyrene monomer fluorescence by nitromethane in polymer solutions. These photophysical parameters were considered to reflect the inter- and intrapolymer interactions in solutions of 1, PVAm, PDA, and PADA. The formation of interpolymer complexes between 1 and PVAm was noticed at low (〈 4) as well as high (〉 8) values, whereas PDA and 1 formed interpolymer complexes at low pH only. No interpolymer complex formation was detected in solutions of 1 and PADA under low or high pH conditions. The structures of interpolymer complexes formed between 1 and PVAm under low and high pH conditions were found to be determined by the conformation of 1. There were significant differences in the interpolymer interactions of 1 and PDA in comparison to those of 1 and PVAm; in particular, the fluorescence from the excited state complex was enhanced in solutions of 1 and PVAm but quenched in solutions of 1 and PDA. The investigations of terpolymer solutions of 1, PVAm, and PADA indicated that the nature of interpolymer complexes formed in terpolymer solutions was determined by Coulombic interactions of the amino and carboxylic group containing polymers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24 (1986), S. 2275-2292 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A comparison of the UV absorption spectra of a carbazole-substituted N-acylated linear polyethylenimine (PEI) (5, 6) with its monomer (1, 2) and dimer (3, 4) model compounds shows the presence of local conformational order of the carbazole groups in 3, 5, and 6 since these compounds exhibit hypochromism. The UV absorption spectra of carbazole-substituted N-acrylated dehydroalanine main-chain polymer (PDA) (12, 13) and monomer (10, 11) model compounds indicate that the extent of local conformational order of the carbazole groups is reduced in 12 and 13 compared to that in 5 and 6. The UV absorption spectra of a pyrene-substituted PEI (9) and PDA (15) and those of their monomer model compounds (7, 14) indicate that the extent of local conformational order of the pyrene groups is greater in 9 than in 15 and furthermore the pyrene-substituted polymers (9, 15) show more local conformational order than analogous carbazole-substituted polymers (5, 12). The emission spectra of 5 and 12 show carbazole monomer emission, while those of 9 and 15 are dominated by pyrene excimer emission. The formation of excimer emission is more efficient in 9 than in 15. Fluorescence lifetime measurements indicate interactions of excited carbazole groups in 5 and 13 but not in 12. The quenching of carbazole fluorescence by dimethyl terephthalate is more efficient in 5 than that in 12, indicating more efficient transfer of electronic energy in 5. These measurements show that the PEI main-chain polymers are conducive to interactions of the pendant groups.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The syntheses of two new pyrene-containing monomers - 2-(1-pyrenyl)methyl-2-oxazoline (6) and methyl 2-(1-pyrenyl)acetamidopropenoate (12) - and their polymerization are described. Cationic isomerization polymerization of 6 with ethylene glycol ditosylate initiator gave poly[N-(1-pyrenyl)acetyl ethylenimine] (7) and free-radical polymerization of 12 with AIBN initiator gave poly[methyl 2-(1-pyrenyl)acetamidopropenoate] (15). The monomer model compounds of the two polymers, namely, N,N-diethyl(1-pyrenyl)acetamide (9) and methyl 2-methyl-2-(1-pyrenyl)acetamidopropanoate (14), were also synthesized. The polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and a comparison of their 1H-NMR spectra with those of the respective monomer model compounds.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 20 (1982), S. 403-409 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation and radical-initiated polymerization of a carbazole-substituted N-acylated dehydroalanine, namely, 2-(9-carbazolyl)acetylaminopropenoic acid (7) and its methyl ester (6) is reported. The monomers 6 and 7 were prepared by dehydrochlorination of N-acylated β-chloroalanine derivatives. The monomer model compounds for the two polymers, namely, 2-(9-carbazolyl)acetylamino-2-methylpropanoic acid (11) and its methyl ester (10), were also prepared. The polymers and their monomer model compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H-NMR spectra. The polymers 12 and 13 of different molecular weights could be obtained by changing the monomer-to-initiator ratios used in polymerization experiments.
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