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  • 1
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    Formula Funding of Public Services (2021)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: The use of formulae has become widespread in recent years across most developed countries. In the UK, a conservative estimate is that annually £150 billion of public service expenditure is distributed using formulae, in services such as health care, local government, social security and higher education. This book offers a comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice underlying the use of such formulae as a basis for funding public services. The philosophy, design and economic consequences of funding formulae have become key policy issues worldwide. However, till now, there has been no text which brings together the economic, statistical and political issues underlying formula funding. This key book fills that gap. Written by a leading international expert on the design of funding formulae, this important book includes empirical evidence from a range of countries and will be a valuable resource for all those involved in this field.
    Keywords: risk ; adjustment ; case ; payment ; capitation ; payments ; mechanism ; mechanisms ; cream ; skimming ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    Crisis Mortality in the Nineteenth Century Philippines: Data from Parish Records (1978)
    Ann Arbor, Mich., etc., : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Asian Studies. 38:1 (1978:Nov.) 51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9118
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:1113-1978-038-01-000005
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slender rod in shear flow (1970)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 21 (1970), S. 918-940 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine analytische Untersuchung für die Entwicklung der Grenzschicht an einem langen, dünnen Stab in Axialströmung wird präsentiert, wenn die äussere Geschwindigkeit und Temperatur sich linear in der radialen Richtung ändert. Die Integralmethode von Glauert und Lighthill wurde überprüft und erweitert, indem die Energie-Integralgleichung einbezogen wurde; man findet, dass die Lösung weiter stromabwärts von der Prandtl-Zahl unabhängig ist. Das Glauert-Lighthill-Verfahren wird daraufhin angewendet um angenäherte Lösungen für das erwähnte Problem zu erhalten, sowohl für eine äussere unendliche Scherströmung (in der die Druckänderung, welche die Scherung verursacht, berücksichtigt wird) als auch für eine Scherströmung mit endlichem transversalem Bereich (in welcher die Druckänderung verschwindet). Analytische Lösungen für beide Fälle sind durch Exponentialfunktionen und Integrale ausgedrückt. Die Lösungen wurden in einer Reihe für kleine Werte des transversalen Krümmungsparameters entwickelt zum Vergleich mit den Ergebnissen von Seban, Bond und Kelly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01594851
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  • 4
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    Introduction to special section : U.S. GLOBEC : physical processes on Georges Bank (GLOBEC) (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2003. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 108, C11 (2003): 8000, doi:10.1029/2003JC002165.
    Description: Support for the guest editors was provided by NSF grant OCE 02-27679 (RB), the Bedford Institute of Oceanography (PS), and NSF grant OCE 01-07946 (CL).
    Keywords: Physical processes on Georges Bank ; Gulf of Maine ; Scotian Shelf
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 5
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    Ship data collected along the track during R/V Edwin Link cruises EL9904 and EL9905 in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank as part of the U.S. GLOBEC program in 1999 (2019)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Dataset: alongtrackel
    Description: Ship data collected along the track during R/V Edwin Link cruises EL9904 and EL9905 in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank as part of the U.S. GLOBEC program in 1999. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2413
    Description: National Science Foundation (NSF) unknown GB NSF, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) unknown GB NOAA
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
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    The dynamics of bottom boundary currents in the ocean (2006)
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September, 1973
    Description: This thesis presents an investigation of the dynamics of bottom boundary currents in the ocean. The major emphasis is to develop simple mathematical models in which various dynamical features of these complex geophysical flows may be isolated and explored. Two separate models are formulated and the theoretical results are compared to observational data and/or laboratory experiments. A steady flow over a constant sloping bottom is treated in each model. A streamtube model which describes the variatlon in average cross-sectional properties of the flow is derived to examine the interaction between turbulent entrainment and bottom friction in a rotating stratified fluid. Empirical laws are used to parameterize these processes and the associated entrainment and friction coefficients (Eo,K) are evaluated from data for two bottom currents: the Norwegian Overflow and the Mediterranean Outflow. The ability to fit adequately all observations with the solutions for a single parameter pair demonstrates the dynamical consistency of the streamtube model. The solutions indicate that bottom stresses dominate the frictional drag on the dense fluid layer in the vicinity of the source whereas relatively weak entrainment slowly modulates the flow properties in the downstream region. The combined influence of entrainment and ambient stratification help limit the descent of the Mediterranean Outflow to a depth of approximately 1200 m. while strong friction acting over a long downstream scale allows the flow of Norwegian Sea water to reach the ocean floor. A turbulent Ekman layer model with a constant eddy viscosity is also formulated. The properties of the flow are defined in terms of the layer thickness variable d(x,y), whose governing equation is judged intractable for the general case. However, limiting forms of this equation may be solved when the layer thickness is much less than (weak rotation) or greater than (strong rotation) the Ekman layer length scale. In the weak rotation limit, a similarity soltition is derived which describes the flow field in an intermediate downstream range. Critical measurements in a laboratory experiment are used to establish distinctive properties of rotational perturbations to the viscous flow, such as the antisymmetric corrections to the layer thickness profile and the surface velocity distribution, which depend on downstream distance like y2/7. The constraint of weak rotational effects precludes a meaningful comparison with oceanic bottom currents. The analysis of the strong rotation limit leads to the prediction of an Ekman flux mechanism by which dense fluid is drained from the lower boundary of the thick core of the current and the geostrophic flow is extinguished. The form of a similarity solution for the downstream flow is derived subject to the specification of a single constant by the upstream boundary condition. The results of some exploratory experiments are sufficient to confirm some qualitative aspects of this solution, but transience of the laboratory flow limits a detailed comparison to theory. Some features of the Ekman flux mechanism are noted in the observational data for the Norwegian Overflow.
    Keywords: Ocean currents ; Dynamic oceanography ; Hudson (Ship) Cruise BIO 0267
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 7
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    Bedford Institute of Oceanography CTD Data from 10 cruises to the Eastern Gulf of Maine/Scotian Shelf aboard Canadian ships CCGS Cygnus, R/V Hudson, and R/V Parizeau from 1993-1999 (GB project) (2019)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Dataset: CTD_ps
    Description: Bedford Institute of Oceanography CTD Data from 10 cruises to the Eastern Gulf of Maine/Scotian Shelf aboard Canadian ships CCGS Cygnus, R/V Hudson, and R/V Parizeau from 1993-1999 (GB project) For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2405
    Description: National Science Foundation (NSF) unknown GB NSF, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) unknown GB NOAA
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 8
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    Bedford Institute of Oceanography Moored Current Meter Data deployed during cruises to the Eastern Gulf of Maine/Scotian Shelf from Canadian ships R/V Parizeau and R/V Hudson from 1993-1999 as part of the U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank project (GB project) (2019)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Dataset: mcm_ps
    Description: Bedford Institute of Oceanography Moored Current Meter Data deployed during cruises to the Eastern Gulf of Maine/Scotian Shelf from Canadian ships R/V Parizeau and R/V Hudson from 1993-1999 as part of the U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank project (GB project) For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2406
    Description: National Science Foundation (NSF) unknown GB NSF, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) unknown GB NOAA
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 9
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    Sea surface temperature, salinity and fluorescence from sensors on R/V Endeavor cruise EN256 in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank in October, 1994 as part of the U.S. GLOBEC program (GB project) (2019)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Dataset: sss
    Description: Sea surface temperature, salinity and fluorescence from sensors on R/V Endeavor cruise EN256 in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank in October, 1994 as part of the U.S. GLOBEC program (GB project) For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2410
    Description: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) unknown GB NOAA, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-9313670
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 10
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    Mean Eulerian subsurface currents measured in the Gulf of Maine and adjacent Scotian and New England shelf and slope regions, 1974-1980 (2017)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Bedford Institute of Oceanography, E.G.&G., National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Geological Survey, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution have conducted separate moored array experiments during 1974- 1980 to study various aspects of the regional circulation in the Gulf of Maine and adjacent Scotian and New England shelf and slope regions. The mean currents and current variances measured in these experiments are summarized here in tabular and graphical form, together with other information about each experiment. While there have been few measurements made in the interior of the Gulf of Maine, the map of mean subsurface currents demonstrate (a) a net inflow of Scotian shelf water past Cape Sable into the Gulf, (b) a net inflow of slope water through the Northeast Channel into the Gulf, (c) a partially closed anticyclonic circulation around Georges Bank, and (d) a net outflow of shelf water south of Nantucket from the Gulf of Maine into the New England shelf.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management under Contract AA 551-MU0-18 and by the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE 80-14941.
    Keywords: Ocean currents ; Ocean circulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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