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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of liquid mixtures by using polymer membranes. II. Water-alcohol separation by pervaporation through porous PVA membranesPart 1 cf.25. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1990), S. 157-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde das Permeations- und Trennverhalten von Alkohol/Wasser-Systemen durch poröse PVA-Membranen untersucht. PVA-Membranen mit unterschiedlicher Anzahl und Große von Poren wurden über Mischungen in Lösung mit verschiedenen synthetisierten Polymeren und Copolymeren, wie Polyacrylsäure, Polyacrylnitril, Polyacrylamid, Poly(Methylmethacrylat-co-Maleinsäureanhydrid) etc., anschließendes Gießen von Filmen und Extraktion der Polymeren oder Copolymeren durch Lösungsmittel hergestellt. Die Abhängigkeit der Durchlässigkeit und Trennwirkung von der Größe und Form der permeierenden Moleköle wurde qualitativ diskutiert. Des weiteren wurde die Selektivität der Trennwirkung in Abhangigkeit von der Zusammensetzung von Alkohol/Wasser-Gemischen und von der Größe und Anzahl der Poren untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Selektivität von der Menge und dem Molekulargewicht der in die Membranen eingebrachten Polymeren abhängt. Wenn der Gewichtsanteil des verwendeten Polymeren größer als 0,1 war, permeierte bevorzugt der Alkoholanteil bei methanolischen Msungen, wobei der Trennfaktor mit steigender Methanolkonzentration anstieg. In Gemischen mit anderen Alkoholen zeigten die Membranen andererseits eine selektive Durchlässigkeit für Wasser. Der Einfluß der Versuchsbedingungen wurde ebenfalls untersucht.
    Notes: The permeation and separation characteristics of alcohol/water systems through porous PVA membranes were investigated. Porous PVA membranes with different pore size and number were prepared by solution blending of PVA with several synthesized polymers or copolymers, such as polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, and methylmethacrylate-co-maleic anhydride, etc. Then casting, and finally extracting the blended polymers or copolymers by solvent from the membranes. The dependency of both permeation and separation on the molecular size and shape of the permeating species was dicussed qualitatively. Moreover, the permselectivity was investigated with attention to the feed composition of alcohol/water mixture and the effect of pore size and number. The selectivity was found to depend on the weight ratio and the molecular weight of polymer introduced to the membrane. When the weight ratio of polymer introduced into the membrane was larger than 0.1, methanol was permeated through membrane preferentially in methanol/water system, and the separation factor increased with increasing the methanol feed concentration. On the other hand, membrane had a selective permeability for water in the other alcohol/water systems. The influence of operating conditions was also studied.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051790112
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of reactions with polymers. III. Syntheses and properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) graft terpolymers (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 1479-1494 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A condensation-coupling reaction through esterification is performed between the hydroxy groups of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and the anhydride groups of methyl methacrylate (MMA)-co-maleic anhydride (MA) copolymer to produce the PVA-g-MMA/MA graft terpolymer. The MMA-co-MA copolymer was obtained by copolymerization of MA and MMA in dimethyl sulfoxide by using azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The structure of reaction products was confirmed by infrared analysis, and the dependence of composition, viscosity, and yield of the graft terpolymer on the MA content in MMA-co-MA as well as the concentration of the reactants fed were investigated. Mechanical properties, water content, and gel content of the membranes of terpolymers were measured over a wide range of compositions. PVA-g-MMA/N-ethylol maleimide was also synthesized by reacting the residual anhydride groups on PVA-g-MMA/MA with ethanol amine, this reaction proceeds through the PVA-g-MMA/N-ethylol maleamic acid intermediate.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070360618
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of reactions with polymers. VI. The modification of PAN with primary amines (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 1623-1636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of modified polyacrylonitriles have been obtained with several primary amines, such as ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, ethylamine, n-butylamine, and n-octylamine, without any catalysts in DMSO. This paper presents the syntheses of these new modified polymers and discusses the resultant structures and reaction mechanism by IR, NMR, and UV spectra. Composition was obtained by elemental analysis. Moreover, some physical properties of polymer were also investigated. It was found that all these primary amines could initiate coloration of polyacrylonitrile, which involves linking up of adjacent nitrile groups, and also reactions of the amines with the nitrile groups. However, the product of polyacrylonitrile with ethanolamine and with ethylenediamine were soluble in water when the mole ratio of amine group to nitrile group was 2. This interesting fact promoted a more detailed study of the modification of polyacrylonitrile with these amines. Crosslinking of the products of PAN with ethanolamine (or with ethylenediamine) was achieved by heat treatment. A mechanism for the formation of crosslinking was proposed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280626
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of reactions with polymers. V.For Part IV, see Reference 24. The reaction mechanism and resultant structure of PVA with PAN in DMSO without any catalyst (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 353-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of polyacrylonitrile with poly(vinyl alcohol) in dimethyl sulfoxide without any catalyst was studied, and it showed that the adjacent nitrile groups on polyacrylonitrile could be linked up to form conjugated carbon-nitrogen sequence by the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol). However, no such reaction occurred when poly(vinyl alcohol) was replaced by i-propanol or poly(vinyl alcohol) graft copolymers. The structure of the resulting polymers were proposed by means of IR, UV, 1H, and 13C-NMR spectroscopies. On the basis of the results, the effect of polymer feed and polymerization condition on this reaction were discussed. The compositions were determined by elemental analysis. The viscosity and thermal analysis of the products were also determined. At feed weight ratios of poly(vinyl alcohol) to polyacrylonitrile above one-half, gels were obtained.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280211
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of reactions with polymers, IVPart III, cf.12.. Syntheses and properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) graft terpolymers containing imide side chains (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1989), S. 133-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine Serie von neuen Polyvinylalkohol-g-methylmethacrylat/N-substituiertes Maleinsäureimid-Pfropfterpolymeren wurde durch Reaktion restlicher Anhydridgruppen des Polyvinylalkohol-g-methylmethacrylat/Maleinsäureanhydrids mit geeigneten N-substitutierten Aminen hergestellt. Als Zwischenverbindung entsteht Polyvinylalkohol-g-methylmethacrylat/Maleinsäuremonoamid. Als N-substituierte Amine wurden N-Benzyl-, N-Butyl-, N-Octyl-, N-Dodecyl- und N-Ethylolamin eingesetzt. Die Zusamensetzung und die vorgeschlagene Struktur der Produkte wurde mit Hilfe der Elementaranalyse und der IR-Spektroskopie bestimmt. Der Wassergehalt und die thermischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften der Polyvinylakohol-Pfropfterpolymeren wurden ebenfalls untersucht.
    Notes: A series of new poly(vinyl alcohol)-g-methyl methacrylate/N-substituted maleimide graft terpolymers were prepared by reacting the residual anhydride groups on the poly(vinyl alcohol)-g-methyl methacrylate/maleic anhydride with the appropriate N-substituted amines through the poly(vinyl alcohol)-g-methyl methacrylate/N-substituted maleamic acid intermediate. Here, the N-substituted amines were N-benzyl, N-butyl, N-octyl, N-dodecyl and N-ethylol amines. The compositions and the proposed structure of the resultants were determined by elemental and infrared analyses. The water content, thermal and mechanical properties of the new poly(vinylalcohol) graft terpolymers were also investigated.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051650112
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of liquid mixtures by using polymer membranes. I. Water-alcohol separation by pervaporation through PVA-g-MMA/MA membrane (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 2005-2012 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A membrane was designed for the separation of a water-alcohol mixture by pervaporation on the basis of the difference in hydrogen-bonding interaction between two components of the membrane. Two kinds of poly(vinyl alcohol)-g-maleic anhydride/methyl methacrylate membrane were prepared by different methods: (1) A homogeneous membrane was formed by casting from dimethyl sulfoxide solution after purification. (2) A porous membrane was obtained directly by casting from the reaction solution, and then was purified. It is found that water was permeated through a homogeneous membrane preferentially in all ranges of feed compositions. Moreover, the flux was found to decrease with increasing PVA content in the membrane. The porous membrane after heat treatment has selective permeability for methanol. Pervaporation of water was investigated with respect to the feed concentration and also to the operating conditions. The effect of the molecular size of the permeating species on both permeation and separation is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070431107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of liquid mixtures by using polymer membranes. III. Water-alcohol separation by pervaporation through modified PAN membrane (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 1829-1833 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The modification of polyacrylonitrile membrane with ethanolamine was carried out, and the permeation characteristics in pervaporation were examined using the aqueous alcohol solutions. In pervaporation of a water/alcohol solution, preferential permeation of water was observed for all these membranes because of the hydrogen-bonding interaction. The selectivity of the modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane depended on operating temperature, but was independent on the thickness of the membrane. Furthermore, it was found that the membrane with more ethanolamine content had a higher affinity to water. The effect of feed concentration and the molecular size of the permeating species on the separation factor and permeation flux was also investigated.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420704
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of reactions with polymers. II. The reaction of maleic anhydride with acrylonitrile onto PVA and the properties of the resultant (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 4045-4056 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft terpolymers were prepared by graft polymerization of a mixture of acrylonitrile (AN) and maleic anhydride (MA) onto PVA in DMSO solution using KPS as an initiator. Structure and solubility of graft terpolymers varied with the concentrations of KPS and MA. Both lower and upper critical values of KPS concentration varied with MA concentration, and the resulting reaction could be divided into three regions - crosslinked, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic regions. Structures of graft terpolymers were considered to be composed of homopolymer side chain grafted onto PVA while gelation occurred from the surplus radicals in PVA backbone to carry on the coupling reaction. The mechanical properties and viscosities increased with the increase of the wt % of AN in graft terpolymers; however, to increase AN content in PVA by increasing KPS concentration would bring about the oxidation scission and do damage to mechanical properties. Thus it becomes obvious that KPS can only be used at a suitable amount.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070301008
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of reactions with polymers. I. The reaction of maleic anhydride with PVA and the properties of the resultant (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 3895-3910 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of maleic anhydride (MA) onto PVA was carried out both in the presence and absence of the initiator. In the former case, the resultant was a copolymer containing a carboxylic acid and a keto-olefinic side chain. Therefore, the reaction product, viscosity, gel content, and mechanical properties differed from the resultant of the latter, which was obtained by esterification of PVA by MA. Both resultants showed polyelectrolytes characteristics. The dependence of the grafting percentage on the concentration of the initiator, the concentration of the monomer, the reaction temperature, and the reaction medium was studied. Grafted copolymers after heat treatment showed remarkable mechanical strength in the wet state when compared with original PVA.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300928
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