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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Methyl- and dimethyl-associated paramagnetic centers in SiO2 thin films (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 5527-5530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: SiO2 thin films, deposited by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and O2 as precursors, exhibit electron-paramagnetic-resonance signals that are interpreted in terms of methyl- and dimethyl-associated centers. The former are observed in as-deposited films and in films thermally treated below 500 °C while the latter are observed in films that have been thermally treated between 700 and 950 °C. These hydrocarbon-containing paramagnetic centers originate from TEOS's ethyl constituents that are incorporated in the SiO2 film during growth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354210
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tetrafluoro-p-benzoquinone (fluoranil) (1974)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 30 (1974), S. 524-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567740874003128
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CH4 and CO emissions from rice straw burning in South East Asia (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 31 (1994), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Atmospheric samples collected during rice straw burning at four different locations in Viet-Nam during the dry (March 1992, February 1993) and wet season (August 1992) were analysed for CO2, CO, and CH4. The emission ratios relative to CO2 for CO and CH4 for rice straw burning during the dry season were comparable to those observed on samples collected during burning of savanna in Africa or forest in the USA. During the wet season, however the emission ratios for CO and CH4 relative to CO2 were 3 to 10 times higher. With these emission ratios and estimates of rice production from Southeastern Asia, we estimated that burning of rice straw emits annually about 2.2 Tmol of CO (26 TgC) and 0.2 Tmol of CH4 (2.4 TgC) to the atmosphere. Taking into account these new results, CO and CH4 fluxes from biomass burning could be reevaluated by 5–21% and 5–24%, respectively, in respect with previous estimates of these gas emissions from all biomass burning activities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547188
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Seasonal variation of atmospheric dimethylsulfide at Amsterdam Island in the southern Indian Ocean (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 11 (1990), S. 123-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Schlagwort(e): Atmospheric dimethylsulfide ; oceanic dimethylsulfide ; DMS ; air-sea interaction ; atmospheric chemistry ; marine chemistry ; biogeochemical cycles ; sea-to-air flux ; Indian Ocean
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Daily measurements of atmospheric concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS) were carried out for two years in a marine site at remote area: the Amsterdam Island (37°50′S–77°31′E) located in the southern Indian Ocean. DMS concentrations were also measured in seawater. A seasonal variation is observed for both DMS in the atmosphere and in the sea-surface. The monthly averages of DMS concentrations in the surface coastal seawater and in the atmosphere ranged, respectively, from 0.3 to 2.0 nmol l-1 and from 1.4 to 11.3 nmol m-3 (34 to 274 pptv), with the highest values in summer. The monthly variation of sea-to-air flux of DMS from the southern Indian Ocean ranges from 0.7 to 4.4 μmol m-2 d-1. A factor of 2.3 is observed between summer and winter with mean DMS fluxes of 3.0 and 1.3 μmol m-2 d-1, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053671
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Carbonyl sulfide emissions from biomass burning in the tropics (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 22 (1995), S. 55-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Schlagwort(e): biomass burning ; carbonyl sulfide emissions ; tropics ; COS ; CO ; CO2 ; C2H2 ; CH4
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Carbonyl sulfide emissions from biomass burning have been studied during field experiments conducted both in an African savanna area (Ivory Coast) and rice fields, central highland pine forest and savanna areas in Viet-Nam. During these experiments CO2, CO and C2H2 or CH4 have also been also monitored. COS values range from 0.6 ppbv outside the fires to 73 ppbv in the plumes. Significant correlations have been observed between concentrations of COS and CO (R 2=0.92,n=25) and COS and C2H2 (R 2=0.79,n=26) indicating a COS production during the smoldering combustion. COS/CO2 emission factors (ΔCOS/ΔCO2) during field experiments ranged from 1.2 to 61×10−6 (11.4×10−6 mean value). COS emission by biomass burning was estimated to be up to 0.05 Tg S/yr in tropics and up to 0.07 Tg S/yr on a global basis, contributing thus about 10% to the global COS flux. Based on the S/C ratio measured in the dry plant biomass and the ΔCOS/ΔCO2 emission factor, COS can account for only about 7% of the sulfur emitted in the atmosphere by biomass burning.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00708181
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Annual variation of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide in the marine atmosphere in the Southern Indian Ocean (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 13 (1991), S. 73-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Schlagwort(e): COS ; carbonyl sulfide ; annual variation ; Indian ocean ; marine atmosphere
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Measurements of the concentrations of carbonyl sulfide (COS) in the marine atmosphere were made over a period of two years in the southern Indian Ocean (Amsterdam Island, 37°50′ S–77°31′ E; March 1987–February 1988 and April 1989–February 1990). The mean atmospheric COS concentration for the whole period was 475±48 pptv (n=544). Atmospheric COS concentrations show no significant seasonal variation with a summer to winter ratio of 1.05. Taking into account the observed variability of the atmospheric COS concentration (10%), a value of 1.4 yr is estimated as a lower limit for the atmospheric COS lifetime. A comparison of the COS data at Amsterdam Island with those obtained in the Southern Hemisphere in the past 12 yr does not reveal any significant trend in the tropospheric background COS mixing ratio.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048101
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Covariations in oceanic dimethyl sulfide, its oxidation products and rain acidity at Amsterdam Island in the Southern Indian Ocean (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 15 (1992), S. 39-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanic dimethyl sulfide ; atmospheric dimethyl sulfide ; sulfur dioxide ; wet deposition ; non-sea-salt sulfate ; methanesulfonic acid ; rain acidity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Simultaneous measurements of rain acidity and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) at the ocean surface and in the atmosphere were performed at Amsterdam Island over a 4 year period. During the last 2 years, measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the atmosphere and of methane sulfonic acid (MSA) and non-sea-salt-sulfate (nss-SO4 2-) in rainwater were also performed. Covariations are observed between the oceanic and atmospheric DMS concentrations, atmospheric SO2 concentrations, wet deposition of MSA, nss-SO4 2-, and rain acidity. A comparable summer to winter ratio of DMS and SO2 in the atmosphere and MSA in precipitation were also observed. From the chemical composition of precipitation we estimate that DMS oxidation products contribute approximately 40% of the rain acidity. If we consider the acidity in excess, then DMS oxidation products contribute about 55%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053608
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comment on ‘The residence time of aerosols and SO2 in the long-range transport over the Ocean’, by Ito et al. (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 5 (1987), S. 367-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Schlagwort(e): Sulfur dioxide ; residence time ; oxidation rate ; long-range transport
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00114112
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Emission and flux of DMS from the Australian Antarctic and Subantarctic Oceans during the 1988/89 summer (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 20 (1995), S. 59-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Schlagwort(e): DMS ; emission and flux ; Australasian Antarctic and Subantarctic Oceans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract DMS emissions and fluxes from the Australasian sector of the Antarctic and Subantarctic Oceans, bound by 46–68° S and 65.5–142.6° E, were determined from a limited number of samples (n=32) collected during three summer resupply voyages to Australian Antarctic continental research bases between November 1988 and January 1989 (a 92 day period). The maximum DMS emission from this sector of the Antarctic Ocean was in an area near the Antarctic Divergence (60–63° S) and the minimum DMS emission was from the Antarctic coastal and offshelf waters. The greatest emission of DMS from this sector of the Southern Ocean was from the Subantarctic waters. DMS flux from the Australasian Antarctic Ocean was 64.3×106 (±115) mol d−1 or 5.9 (±10.6)×109 mol based on an emission of 10.9 (±19.5) µmol m−2 d−1 (n=26). The flux of DMS from the Australasian sector of the Subantarctic Ocean was probably twice the flux of DMS from the adjacent Antarctic Ocean.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01099918
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Seasonal Variation of Dimethylsulfoxide in Rainwater at Amsterdam Island in the Southern Indian Ocean: Implications on the Biogenic Sulfur Cycle (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 30 (1998), S. 229-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Schlagwort(e): DMS ; DMSO ; MSA ; marine atmosphere ; DMS oxidation ; seasonal variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract A continuous record of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in rainwater was performed at Amsterdam island (37°S 77°E) from December 1995 to February 1997. Eighty one rainwater samples were collected. DMSO, methanesulfonic acid (MSA), the major anions, and cations were analyzed. DMSO concentrations ranged from 7.0 to 369 nM, with a distinct seasonal variation. The mean concentrations during the summer and the winter periods were 90 nM and 25.6 nM respectively. The observed DMSO seasonal cycle is in line with the observations of DMS in the atmosphere and MSA in rainwater, measured simultaneously during the reported period. However, the summer to winter ratio of DMSO is significantly lower than that observed for DMS and MSA. The DMSO to MSA ratio and its observed seasonal variability are also presented. The implications on the biogenic sulfur cycle are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005983625947
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