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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 1693-1702 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report the use of picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to directly observe the dynamics of formation, tunneling, and subsequent cooling of the n=1, Γ(3/2) exciton in condensed xenon over a density range of 0.10 to 1.8 g/ml. At lower densities, only Xe*2 excimers are formed, which undergo vibrational cooling on a tens of picoseconds time scale. At densities high enough to support exciton formation, tunneling from the free to the trapped exciton state takes place in ≤3 ps, and cooling of the localized exciton takes place in 5–10 ps; neither rate is strongly dependent on Xe density over the range investigated. The results are compared to theories that describe the formation and cooling rates of the trapped exciton state, and are consistent with a resonant energy transfer mechanism in which the excitation hops between neighboring Xe atoms during the trapping process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 7595-7601 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The vibrational relaxation dynamics following the dissociation of C≡O from M(CO)6 (M=Cr, Mo, W) have been studied with picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. After dissociation of C≡O, the pentacarbonyl species forms a complex with a solvent molecule. The cooling of these solvated pentacarbonyl complexes was monitored from 1 ps to 1 ns and different rates for vibrational relaxation were found for each of these three compounds. The W(CO)5⋅S (S=cyclohexane) vibrationally relaxes in 35 ps, whereas Mo(CO)5⋅S relaxes twice as quickly, 18 ps. This result is surprising because the higher density of states in W(CO)5⋅S would be expected to lead to faster cooling of the hot solvated complex. The primary cooling of Cr(CO)5⋅S is completed in 18 ps just as in Mo(CO)5⋅S, but a slower cooling of approximately 150 ps is also present. This component is assigned to vibrational relaxation of the C≡O stretching mode. From comparisons with other studies, it appears that the existence of this slower cooling component is present only in first row transition metal carbonyls.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Gain narrowing and lasing from a soluble, highly photoluminescent conjugated polymer, poly(2-butyl, 5-(2′-ethyl-hexyl)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (BuEH-PPV), are compared using two resonant structures: planar waveguides and microcavities. The gain narrowing and lasing thresholds are comparable, 0.05–0.1 μJ (10 ns pulse focused to ∼1.5 mm). Gain narrowing is not observed in films on indium tin oxide (ITO) unless a cladding layer is placed between the BuEH-PPV and ITO. Single-mode microcavity lasers are obtained when a cavity resonance occurs at the wavelength where the gain of the polymer is maximum. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 2953-2958 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 6902-6916 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have used molecular dynamics simulation to explore aqueous solvation dynamics with a realistic quantum mechanical solute, the hydrated electron. The simulations take full account of the quantum charge distribution of the solute coupled to the dielectric and mechanical response of the solvent, providing a molecular-level description of the response of the quantum eigenstates following photoexcitation. The solvent response function is found to be characterized by a 25 fs Gaussian inertial component (40%) and a 250 fs exponential decay (60%). Despite the high sensitivity of the electronic eigenstates to solvent fluctuations and the enormous fractional Stokes' shift following photoexcitation, the solvent response is found to fall within the linear regime. The relaxation of the quantum energy gap due to solvation is shown to play a direct role in the nonradiative decay dynamics of the excited state electron, as well as in the differing relaxation physics observed between electron photoinjection and transient hole-burning (photoexcitation) experiments. A microscopic examination of the solvation response finds that low frequency translational motions of the solvent play an important role in both the inertial and diffusive portions of the relaxation. Much of the local change in solvation structure is associated with a significant change in size and shape of the electron upon excitation. These results are compared in detail both to previous studies of aqueous solvation dynamics and to ultrafast transient spectroscopic work on the hydrated electron.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 6917-6926 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations are used to directly compute the transient absorption spectroscopy following photoexcitation of equilibrium hydrated electrons. The calculated spectral transients are found to be in excellent agreement with ultrafast traces measured in recent transient spectral hole-burning experiments [Barbara and co-workers, J. Chem. Phys. 98, 5996 (1993); J. Phys. Chem. 98, 3450 (1994)], indicating that the computer model correctly captures the underlying physics. The model transients are dissected into ground state bleach, excited state absorption, and stimulated emission spectral components, each of which is examined individually and analyzed in terms of the microscopic solvent response following photoexcitation. Although there is no distinct spectral hole, bleaching dynamics are found to play an important role in the overall transient spectroscopy. The excited state absorption spectrum undergoes a complex evolution due to solvation dynamics which alters both the frequencies and the oscillator strengths of the relevant quantum transitions. Calculated excited state emission from the electron is characterized by an enormous dynamic Stokes shift as well as an overall spectral narrowing in time. In combination, these three components allow the assignment of features of the measured ultrafast spectroscopic transients in terms of specific details of the microscopic solvent response.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 5942-5955 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper, we explore in detail the way in which quantum decoherence is treated in different mixed quantum-classical molecular dynamics algorithms. The quantum decoherence time proves to be a key ingredient in the production of accurate nonadiabatic dynamics from computer simulations. Based on a short time expansion to a semiclassical golden rule expression due to Neria and Nitzan [J. Chem. Phys. 99, 1109 (1993)], we develop a new computationally efficient method for estimating the decay of quantum coherence in condensed phase molecular simulations. Using the hydrated electron as an example, application of this method finds that quantum decoherence times are on the order of a few femtoseconds for condensed phase chemical systems and that they play a direct role in determining nonadiabatic transition rates. The decay of quantum coherence for the solvated electron is found to take ≈50% longer in D2O than in H2O, providing a rationalization for a long standing puzzle concerning the lack of experimentally observed isotope effect on the nonadiabatic transition rate: Although the nonadiabatic coupling is smaller in D2O due to smaller nuclear velocities, the smaller coupling in D2O adds coherently for a longer time than in H2O, leading to nearly identical nonadiabatic transition rates. The implications of this isotope dependence of the nonadiabatic transition rate on changes in the quantum decoherence time for electron transfer and other important chemical reactions are discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 96 (1992), S. 3591-3598 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 98 (1994), S. 60-67 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 98 (1994), S. 4489-4492 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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