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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    McGraw-Hill
    In:  New York, McGraw-Hill, vol. 173, pp. 158, (ISBN 0-444-50968-2)
    Publication Date: 1965
    Keywords: Fourier transform ; Textbook of mathematics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-10-20
    Description: The importance of symbiotic microbes to insects cannot be overstated; however, we have a poor understanding of the evolutionary processes that shape most insect–microbe interactions. Many bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) species are involved in what have been described as obligate mutualisms with symbiotic fungi. Beetles benefit through supplementing their nutrient-poor diet with fungi and the fungi benefit through gaining transportation to resources. However, only a few beetle–fungal symbioses have been experimentally manipulated to test whether the relationship is obligate. Furthermore, none have tested for adaptation of beetles to their specific symbionts, one of the requirements for coevolution. We experimentally manipulated the western pine beetle–fungus symbiosis to determine whether the beetle is obligately dependent upon fungi and to test for fine-scale adaptation of the beetle to one of its symbiotic fungi, Entomocorticium sp. B. We reared beetles from a single population with either a natal isolate of E . sp. B (isolated from the same population from which the beetles originated), a non-natal isolate (a genetically divergent isolate from a geographically distant beetle population), or with no fungi. We found that fungi were crucial for the successful development of western pine beetles. We also found no significant difference in the effects of the natal and non-natal isolate on beetle fitness parameters. However, brood adult beetles failed to incorporate the non-natal fungus into their fungal transport structure (mycangium) indicating adaption by the beetle to particular genotypes of symbiotic fungi. Our results suggest that beetle–fungus mutualisms and symbiont fidelity may be maintained via an undescribed recognition mechanism of the beetles for particular symbionts that may promote particular associations through time. How ectosymbioses are maintained through evolutionary time is not well understood. Here, we experimentally manipulated a bark beetle–fungus symbiosis and for the first time demonstrate the obligate nature of the relationship. Further, we find evidence of beetle adaptation to a fungal genotype with a shared evolutionary history.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 17 (1979), S. 113-134 
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 290 (1981), S. 758-759 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Although the filaments are very thin, subtending about 8 geocentric arc s when seen vertically, nevertheless, "regions of reduced radio brightness situated above filaments" were detected1 in 1959 and explained in terms of "relatively cold prominences which are optically thick to 8-mm radiation". ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 171 (1953), S. 649-650 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The objects of analysis have been twofold: to discover a process which would yield a time series resembling the sunspot series, and to predict the future of the series, which incidentally would be very valuable in relation to telecommunications. No suggested process has been substantiated and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 186 (1960), S. 670-671 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SINCE Morrison and Cocconi1 published the suggestion that there might be advanced societies elsewhere in the Galaxy, superior to ourselves in technological development, who are beaming transmissions at us on a frequency of 1,420 Mc./s., Drake2 has described equipment under construction to look for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 274 (1978), S. 780-781 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Reference data for the standard system are as follows (planet Jupiter in parentheses). Temperature 6,000 K (128 K), angular diameter 4.7xlO9 (4.7 x 1010), distance 3xl017m, angular separation 2.6xlO6. At maximum elongation, the visible planetary light is 2 x 10 9 of the starlight, assuming an ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 323 (1986), S. 516-519 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The magnetic cycle, generally described as having a 22-yr period, consists of two '11-yr' semicycles. Equation (1) indicates that the durations of successive semicycles should diverge oppositely from the mean. Thus in odd-numbered semicycles, such as cycle 19 which began in 1954.2, the negative ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 335 (1988), S. 617-619 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Because the wavelength we used (27.87 mm, corresponding to a frequency of 10.75 GHz) is -44,000 times greater than optical wavelengths, the arrangement of the apparatus is necessarily different. For image rotation a corner reflector is used instead of a lens and, in addition, it is possible to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 174 (1954), S. 563-564 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It is natural to inquire where this maximum falls, and Wien's law is usually called on to supply the answer. This law is often quoted in the form :XmT = 0-2897 cm. deg., where Xm is the wave-length where the maximum falls and T is the temperature of the black body. (Numerical values are based on ...
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