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  • 1
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    Genetic structure and domestication history of the grape [Agricultural Sciences] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-02
    Description: The grape is one of the earliest domesticated fruit crops and, since antiquity, it has been widely cultivated and prized for its fruit and wine. Here, we characterize genome-wide patterns of genetic variation in over 1,000 samples of the domesticated grape, Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera, and its wild relative, V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris from the US Department of Agriculture grape germplasm collection. We find support for a Near East origin of vinifera and present evidence of introgression from local sylvestris as the grape moved into Europe. High levels of genetic diversity and rapid linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay have been maintained in vinifera, which is consistent with a weak domestication bottleneck followed by thousands of years of widespread vegetative propagation. The considerable genetic diversity within vinifera, however, is contained within a complex network of close pedigree relationships that has been generated by crosses among elite cultivars. We show that first-degree relationships are rare between wine and table grapes and among grapes from geographically distant regions. Our results suggest that although substantial genetic diversity has been maintained in the grape subsequent to domestication, there has been a limited exploration of this diversity. We propose that the adoption of vegetative propagation was a double-edged sword: Although it provided a benefit by ensuring true breeding cultivars, it also discouraged the generation of unique cultivars through crosses. The grape currently faces severe pathogen pressures, and the long-term sustainability of the grape and wine industries will rely on the exploitation of the grape's tremendous natural genetic diversity.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Social psychology. Just think: the challenges of the disengaged mind (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-06
    Description: In 11 studies, we found that participants typically did not enjoy spending 6 to 15 minutes in a room by themselves with nothing to do but think, that they enjoyed doing mundane external activities much more, and that many preferred to administer electric shocks to themselves instead of being left alone with their thoughts. Most people seem to prefer to be doing something rather than nothing, even if that something is negative.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330241/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330241/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, Timothy D -- Reinhard, David A -- Westgate, Erin C -- Gilbert, Daniel T -- Ellerbeck, Nicole -- Hahn, Cheryl -- Brown, Casey L -- Shaked, Adi -- T32 MH020006/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 4;345(6192):75-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1250830.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. tdw@virginia.edu. ; Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. ; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24994650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Attention ; Electroshock/psychology ; Humans ; Loneliness/*psychology ; Middle Aged ; *Pleasure ; *Thinking ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Spatio-temporal patterns of crab fisheries in the main bays of Guangdong Province, China (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Using a semi-balloon otter trawl, crab fisheries in the main bays of Guangdong Province, China, were carried out seasonally . A total of 70 species were found, all belonging to the South China Sea Faunal sub region in the tropical India-West-Pacific Faunal Region. The clustering and nMDS ordination analysis revealed the existence of three groups. Group 1 included Hailing Bay and four bays to its east where typical species were Portunus sanguinolentus, P. pelagicus and Charybdis feriatus. Group 2 included Shuidong Bay and Leizhou Bay where typical species were P. sanguinolentus, P. pelagicus and P. hastatoides. Group 3 was Liusha Bay where typical species were C. feriatus, C. vadorum and C. truncate. The spatial and temporal variations of crab fisheries were mainly associated with characteristics of the sediment, seasonal changes and their own biological characteristics, but not significantly with water depth, temperature, salinity, and the “mid-summer fishing moratorium” conservation measure.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Charybdis feriatus ; Portunus sanguinolentus ; P. pelagicus ; C. truncate ; C. vadorum ; C. feriatus ; Crab fisheries ; Spatial and temporal distribution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.425-436
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoelectric properties of Ag3AuTe2 (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 5221-5224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electronic structure calculations predict Ag3AuTe2 to be a small-band-gap semiconductor. Polycrystalline samples of the pure and doped materials have been synthesized, and the physical properties are reported. Thermoelectric power measurements indicate that pure Ag3AuTe2 is a p-type material with a very large room-temperature Seebeck coefficient of 530 μV/K. The thermal conductivity is very low, and at room temperature, is lower than that of the best thermoelectrics. The transport properties were found to be very sensitive to chemical doping and nonstoichiometry. Although samples made with excess Ag resulted in improved thermoelectric performance at higher temperatures (〉500 K), the large resistivity of these materials makes them noncompetitive with state-of-the-art thermoelectrics. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1316057
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogenation Of Petroleum (1940)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 32 (1940), S. 1203-1212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50369a031
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluid Catalyst Process. Catalytic Cracking of Petroleum (1943)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 35 (1943), S. 768-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50403a006
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity Models and Design Protocol for Partitioning Tracer Tests in Alluvial Aquifers (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 35 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Zones of dense, nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) are difficult to characterize as to their volume, composition, and spatial distribution using conventional ground-water extraction and soil-sampling methods. Such incompletely characterized sites have negative consequences for those responsible for their remedial design, e.g., the uncertainties in the optimal placement of ground-water extraction wells and in the duration of remediation. However, the recent use of the partitioning interwell tracer test (PITT) to characterize DNAPL zones at sites in New Mexico [unsaturated alluvium] and in Ohio, Texas, and Utah [saturated alluvium] demonstrates that the volume and spatial distribution of residual DNAPL can be determined with accuracy. The PITT involves injection of a suite of tracers which reversibly partition to different degrees between the DNAPL and the ground water or soil air resulting in the chromatographic separation of the tracer signals observed at the extraction well(s). The design of a PITT requires careful consideration of the hydrostratigraphic, hydraulic, and certain geochemical properties of the alluvium being tested. A three-dimensional, numerical model of a heterogeneous alluvial aquifer containing DNAPL has been developed for use with the UTCHEM simulator to demonstrate partitioning tracer testing and to address questions that are frequently raised in its application. The simulations include (1) the estimation of DNAPL volume for the simple case where only residual DNAPL is present in heterogeneous alluvium, (2) sensitivity studies to demonstrate the effect of increasingly low residual DNAPL saturation on the tracer signal, and (3) the effect of free-phase DNAPL on the estimation of the volume of DNAPL present. Furthermore, the potential interference of sedimentary organic carbon as a DNAPL surrogate on the tracer signal is considered and shown to be readily resolved by the careful choice of tracers. Finally, a protocol for the use of PITTs in alluvial aquifers is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00168.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cycle Stocks from Catalytic Cracking (1946)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 38 (1946), S. 136-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50434a013
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Process Development (1948)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 40 (1948), S. 1538-1542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50464a043
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PARAMETERS AFFECTING MEAT PROTEIN EXTRACTION AND INTERPRETATION OF MODEL SYSTEM DATA FOR MEAT EMULSION FORMATION (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 42 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ground meat samples were mixed under various conditions of time, temperature, and NaCl concentration to determine the factors affecting the extraction of protein in commercial blenders. Soluble protein increased with mixing time and high NaCl concentrations. The optimum temperature for protein extraction was at 7.2°C. Discrepancies in the relationship between soluble protein and emulsifying ability are discussed for oil volume (ml oil emulsified/25 ml extract) and emulsifying capacity (ml oil emulsified/100 mg of protein). Soluble protein from fresh uncooked, unfrozen meat sources was highly correlated with emulsifying ability irrespective of the original meat source. Freezing or cooking meat, in addition to changing the solubility of proteins, alters the emulsifying ability of extracts containing the remaining noncoagulated soluble protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1977.tb08438.x
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