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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triplet energy transfer mechanism in isotopic mixed molecular crystals (1976)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 80 (1976), S. 2196-2196 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100561a012
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of time-dependent symmetry control in hohlraums by drive-beam staggering (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 333-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion makes use of cavities constructed of high atomic number materials to convert laser power into x-rays for ablatively driving an implosion capsule. Obtaining spatially uniform drive on the capsule requires a careful balancing between the laser absorption region (high drive) and the laser entrance holes (low drive). This balancing is made difficult because of plasma expansion, and the associated movement of the laser absorption region with time. This paper reports the first experimental demonstration of compensation for this motion by using different laser beams at different times, in agreement with modeling. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873801
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hohlraum energetics with smoothed laser beams (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2585-2593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements of radiation temperatures from empty and gas-filled hohlraums heated at the Nova Laser Facility [E. M. Campbell et al., Laser Part. Beams 9, 209 (1991)] show efficient coupling of the laser power to the target when applying laser beam smoothing techniques. Scattering losses are reduced to the 3% level while the radiation temperatures increased by ∼15 eV for smoothed laser beams. The experimental findings and supporting calculations indicate that filamentation and gain for stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering is suppressed in the hohlraum plasma for smoothed laser beams. The scaling of the radiation temperature is well described by integrated radiation hydrodynamic LASNEX modeling [G. B. Zimmerman and W. L. Kruer, Comments Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 2, 85 (1975)] following the Marshak scaling. Peak radiation temperatures are in excess of 230 eV in gas-filled hohlraums in agreement with the detailed LASNEX modeling. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874100
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusive, supersonic x-ray transport in radiatively heated foam cylinders (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2126-2134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Diffusive supersonic radiation transport, where the ratio of the diffusive radiation front velocity to the material sound speed 〉2 has been studied in experiments on low density (40 mg/cc to 50 mg/cc) foams. Laser-heated Au hohlraums provided a radiation drive that heated SiO2 and Ta2O5 aerogel foams of varying lengths. Face-on emission measurements at 550 eV provided clean signatures of the radiation breakout. The high quality data provides new detailed information on the importance of both the fill and wall material opacities and heat capacities in determining the radiation front speed and curvature. The Marshak radiation wave transport is studied in a geometry that allows direct comparisons with analytic models and two-dimensional code simulations. Experiments show important effects that will affect even nondiffusive and transonic radiation transport experiments studied by others in the field. This work is of basic science interest with applications to inertial confinement fusion and astrophysics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874057
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulent hydrodynamics experiments using a new plasma piston : The 41st annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2099-2107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new method for performing compressible hydrodynamic instability experiments using high-power lasers is presented. A plasma piston is created by supersonically heating a low-density carbon based foam with x-rays from a gold hohlraum heated to ∼200 eV by a ∼1 ns Nova laser pulse [E. M. Campbell et al., Laser Part. Beams 9, 209 (1991)]. The piston causes an almost shockless acceleration of a thin, higher-density payload consisting of a layer of gold, initially 1/2 μm thick, supported on 10 μm of solid plastic, at ∼45 μm/ns2. The payload is also heated by hohlraum x-rays to in excess of 150 eV so that the Au layer expands to ∼20 μm prior to the onset of instability growth. The Atwood number between foam and Au is ∼0.7. Rayleigh–Taylor instability, seeded by the random fibrous structure of the foam, causes a turbulent mixing region with a Reynolds number 〉105 to develop between piston and Au. The macroscopic width of the mixing region was inferred from the change in Au layer width, which was recorded via time resolved x-radiography. The mix width thus inferred is demonstrated to depend on the magnitude of the initial foam seed. For a small initial seed, the bubble front in the turbulent mixing region is estimated indirectly to grow as ∼0.036±0.19 [∫(square root of)(Ag)dt]2 which would imply for a constant acceleration 0.036±0.019 Agt2. More direct measurement techniques must be developed in larger scale experiments to remove potential complicating factors and reduce the error bar to a level that would permit the measurements to discriminate between various theories and models of turbulent mixing. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874177
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-filled targets for large scale-length plasma interaction experiments on Nova (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2473-2479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Stimulated Brillouin backscatter from large scale-length gas-filled targets has been measured on the Nova laser. These targets were designed to approximate conditions in indirect drive ignition target designs in underdense plasma electron density (ne∼1021/cm3), temperature (Te(approximately-greater-than)3 keV), and gradient scale lengths (Ln∼2 mm, Lv(approximately-greater-than)6 mm) as well as calculated gain for stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The targets used in these experiments were gas-filled balloons with polyimide walls (gasbags) and gas-filled hohlraums. Detailed characterization using x-ray imaging and x-ray and optical spectroscopy verifies that the calculated plasma conditions are achieved. Time-resolved SBS backscatter from these targets is 〈3% for conditions similar to ignition target designs. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871208
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thinshell symmetry surrogates for the National Ignition Facility: A rocket equation analysis (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2908-2917 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Several techniques for inferring the degree of flux symmetry in indirectly driven cylindrical hohlraums have been developed over the past several years for eventual application to the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [Paisner et al., Laser Focus World 30, 75 (1994)]. These methods use various ignition capsule surrogates, including non-cryogenic imploded capsules [Hauer et al., Phys. Plasmas 2, 2488 (1995)], backlit aerogel foamballs [Amendt et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 785 (1995)], reemission balls [Delamater, Magelssen, and Hauer, Phys. Rev. E 53, 5240 (1996)], and backlit thinshells [Pollaine et al., Phys. Plasmas 8, 2357 (2001)]. Recent attention has focussed on the backlit thinshells as a promising means for detecting higher-order Legendre flux asymmetries, e.g., P6 and P8, which are predicted to be important sources of target performance degradation on the NIF for levels greater than 1% [Haan et al., Phys. Plasmas 2, 2490 (1995)]. A key property of backlit thinshells is the strong amplification of modal flux asymmetry imprinting with shell convergence. A simple single-parameter analytic description based on a rocket model is presented which explores the degree of linearity of the shell response to an imposed flux asymmetry. Convergence and mass ablation effects introduce a modest level of nonlinearity in the shell response. The effect of target fabrication irregularities on shell distortion is assessed with the rocket model and particular sensitivity to shell thickness variations is shown. The model can be used to relate an observed or simulated backlit implosion trajectory to an ablation pressure asymmetry history. Ascertaining this history is an important element for readily establishing the degree of surrogacy of a symmetry target for a NIF ignition capsule. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1369412
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supersonic jet and shock interactions : Review,Tutorial and Invited Papers from the 43rd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 2251-2263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Supersonic fluid flow and the interaction of strong shock waves to produce jets of material are ubiquitous features of inertial confinement fusion (ICF), astrophysics, and other fields of high energy-density science. The availability of large laser systems provides an opportunity to investigate such hydrodynamic systems in the laboratory, and to test their modeling by radiation hydrocodes. We describe experiments to investigate the propagation of a structured shock front within a radiation-driven target assembly, the formation of a supersonic jet of material, and the subsequent interaction of this jet with an ambient medium in which a second, ablatively driven shock wave is propagating. The density distribution within the jet, the Kelvin–Helmholz roll-up at the tip of the jet, and the jet's interaction with the counterpropagating shock are investigated by x-ray backlighting. The experiments were designed and modeled using radiation hydrocodes developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory, AWE, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The same hydrocodes are being used to model a large number of other ICF and high energy-density physics experiments. Excellent agreement between the different simulations and the experimental data is obtained, but only when the full geometry of the experiment, including both laser-heated hohlraum targets (driving the jet and counter-propagating shock), is included. The experiments were carried out at the University of Rochester's Omega laser [J. M. Soures et al., Phys. Plasmas 3, 2108 (1996)]. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1468858
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    National Ignition Facility scale hohlraum asymmetry studies by thin shell radiography : The 42nd annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the American Physical Society and the 10th international congress on plasma physics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2357-2364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A necessary condition for igniting indirectly driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsules on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is controlling drive asymmetry to the 1% level [S. W. Haan, S. M. Pollaine, J. D. Lindl et al., Phys. Plasmas 2, 2480 (1995)]. Even flux-asymmetry modes (e.g., Legendre modes P2, P4, P6, and P8) must be reduced by hohlraum design and laser beam pointing. Odd flux-asymmetry modes (e.g., Legendre modes P1, P3, P5, etc.) are theoretically removed by reflection symmetry across the hohlraum midplane [S. M. Pollaine and D. Eimerl, Nucl. Fusion 38, 1523 (1998)], but will be produced by power imbalance, laser beam pointing errors, and target fabrication errors. An experimental campaign is now being conducted on the University of Rochester's Omega laser to measure higher order (P4 and higher) flux asymmetry modes inside hohlraums that approximate the conditions of a NIF hohlraum during the 90 eV early drive phase [S. W. Haan, S. M. Pollaine, J. D. Lindl et al., Phys. Plasmas 2, 2480 (1995)]. These experiments use a new point-projection backlighting technique [O. L. Landen, D. R. Farley, S. G. Glendinning et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 627 (2001)] to cast high quality 4.7 keV radiographs of thin 2 mm diameter Ge-doped CH shells designed to enhance sensitivity to drive asymmetries. Distortions in the position of the limb of the shells resulting primarily from drive asymmetries are measured to an accuracy of 2 μm. The linearity and sensitivity of thin imploding shells to flux asymmetry makes it possible to achieve this degree of accuracy, which is sufficient for NIF ignition symmetry tuning. The promising results to date permit the comparison of measured and predicted distortions and, by inference, drive asymmetries for the first eight asymmetry modes. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1364514
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple time-dependent analytic model of the P2 asymmetry in cylindrical hohlraums : The 40th annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 2137-2143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple time-dependent analytic view factor model for the P2 asymmetry in cylindrical hohlraums is presented. The model includes the effects of hohlraum wall motion, time-varying hohlraum wall albedo and time-varying hohlraum-to-capsule diameter. The results of the model compare well with predictions from two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics computer simulations and with time-resolved hohlraum symmetry data obtained at the Nova laser facility [J. T. Hunt and D. R. Speck, Opt. Eng. 28, 461 (1989)] and Omega laser facility [J. M. Sources, R. L. McCrory, C. P. Verdon et al., Phys. Plasmas 3, 2108 (1996)]. The model is also extended to the more complicated but relevant case of a multiple-ring cylindrical hohlraum illumination geometry, the baseline scheme for the National Ignition Facility [J. A. Paisner, J. D. Boyes, S. A. Kumpan, and M. Sorem, ICF Quart. 5, 110 (1995)]. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873465
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