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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A SIMPLE TEST METHOD FOR ENERGY DISSIPATION RATE, CTOA AND THE STUDY OF SIZE AND TRANSFERABILITY EFFECTS FOR LARGE AMOUNTS OF DUCTILE CRACK GROWTH (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Simple extensions to the standard deep notch bend test procedure are suggested to allow the collection of data relevant to the energy dissipation rate, D, crack opening angle, COA, and J, all for arbitrarily large amounts of growth in extensive plasticity. The methods of analysis are detailed for real elastic-plastic behaviour of a high strength low-hardening type metal with a view to encouraging use on a wider range of materials. A proposal is made, and equations given, that the particular version of J used for an R-curve derived from the area under the loading diagram, should correspond to the value of the far-field integral, Jff.The relationship between the global measure of COA that emerges from D and the local crack tip opening angle, CTOA, as used in computational studies, is established. Transferability of CTOA data is examined in the light of effects of size and configuration. An explicit rule of the form CTOA √G =f (material and configuration) is proposed for the modelling of ductile growth in finite element studies. It is applied to a set of data in the literature, for the variation of CTOA with size in the deep notch bend test and for the configurations, bending, double edge and centre cracked tension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb01507.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constituents of Cannabis sativa. XIX. Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Cannabiglendol, A Novel Cannabinoid From an Indian Variant (1981)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 44 (1981), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50013a005
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dental Anthropology (1988)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 17 (1988), S. 99-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.17.100188.000531
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New mixed-valence europium perovskites in the system europium-tantalum-oxygen (1977)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 16 (1977), S. 332-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic50168a021
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of confinement by porous materials on chemical reaction kinetics (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 2138-2148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A methodology for including the effects of nonidealities, such as confinement in a porous solid or solvation, into the calculation of bimolecular reaction rate constants is presented. The method combines the transition-state theory formalism with the Reactive Monte Carlo simulation method. The approach is computationally efficient and accurate, within the approximations imposed by transition-state theory and the intermolecular potentials. Several applications of the method are presented for the decomposition reaction, 2HI→H2+I2, including effects due to confinement within carbon micropores and due to inert solvents. The method can be readily extended to other chemical reaction rate calculations in which the structure and the activation energy of the transition state is known a priori. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1431590
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of confinement on chemical reaction equilibria: The reactions 2NO(if and only if)(NO)2 and N2+3H2(if and only if)2NH3 in carbon micropores (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 1851-1859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report reactive Monte Carlo (RMC) simulations of reaction equilibria for both the nitric oxide dimerization and the ammonia synthesis reactions. We have applied the RMC technique to both a single bulk phase and also to a two-phase system, composed of the bulk gas and a slit-shaped pore, with pore parameters chosen to model activated carbon fibers. We achieve close agreement with the experimentally measured conversions of nitric oxide and ammonia in the bulk phase. Both reactions involve a stoichiometric decrease in mole number, which should cause the yield of each to be enhanced by the increased density within the pore phase. We show that the effect of confinement on the yield of both reactions is significant, and is particularly dramatic for the nitric oxide reaction; in addition, the ammonia synthesis reaction is affected by the selective adsorption of nitrogen over hydrogen in the pore under certain conditions. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1328756
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deletion of a novel protein kinase with PX and FYVE-related domains increases the rate of differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 41 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Growth control of African trypanosomes in the mammalian host is coupled to differentiation of a non-dividing life cycle stage, the stumpy bloodstream form. We show that a protein kinase with novel domain architecture is important for growth regulation. Zinc finger kinase (ZFK) has a kinase domain related to RAC and S6 kinases flanked by a FYVE-related zinc finger and a phox (PX) homology domain. To investigate the function of the kinase during cyclical development, a stable transformation procedure for bloodstream forms of differentiation-competent (pleomorphic) Trypanosoma brucei strains was established. Deletion of both allelic copies of ZFK by homologous recombination resulted in reduced growth of bloodstream-form parasites in culture, which was correlated with an increased rate of differentiation to the non-dividing stumpy form. Growth and differentiation rates were returned to wild-type level by ectopic ZFK expression. The phenotype is stage-specific, as growth of procyclic (insect form) trypanosomes was unaffected, and Δzfk/Δzfk clones were able to undergo full cyclical development in the tsetse fly vector. Deletion of ZFK in a differentiation-defective (monomorphic) strain of T. brucei did not change its growth rate in the bloodstream stage. This suggests a function of ZFK associated with the trypanosomes' decision between either cell cycle progression, as slender bloodstream form, or differentiation to the non-dividing stumpy form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02471.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    APPLICATION OF ENERGY DISSIPATION RATE ARGUMENTS TO STABLE CRACK GROWTH (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Energy dissipation rate, D, and crack tip opening angle (CTOA) have been related for large amounts of ductile crack growth in a fully plastic two-dimensional model of real elastic plastic material. Several J-type rising R-curves have been constructed and related, some based on the cumulative energy dissipated and some as a characterising term that relates closely to the far-field J contour value. These two meanings co-exist but the relationship is geometry dependent. For deep notch bend (DNB) cases the non-dimensional group Lα/r* (where L is normalised load, α is CTOA and r* defines the position of the instantaneous centre of rotation) governs the value of dJ. Certain DNB cases where R-curves vary with size are resolved by this group rather than by CTOA itself whereas for centre-cracked tension there is a higher value of CTOA than for DNB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1994.tb01402.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A MICRO AND MACRO APPROACH TO THE ENERGY DISSIPATION RATE MODEL OF STABLE DUCTILE CRACK GROWTH (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The equations for the energy dissipation rate, D per unit area of crack growth, for plasticity and fracture combined, are presented for equilibrium crack extension in a real elastic-plastic material. These relationships are a necessary condition for stable growth. The term D is identical to G for lefm and to the rate at which work is done for the rigid-plastic limit. Crack growth is seen at both micro- and macro-levels as a two stage process of damage accumulation in a process zone followed by actual separation as a micro-instability at the crack tip. Some examples of the behaviour of ductile metals are cited in support at both micro- and macro-level. For the fully plastic case, D reduces strongly with growth. Relationships with conventional rising R-curves are stated for contained and uncontained yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1994.tb00837.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    APPLICATION OF ENERGY DISSIPATION RATE ARGUMENTS TO DUCTILE INSTABILITY (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Equations are established for the final macro-unstable behaviour of a fully plastic cracked component in terms of the energy dissipation rate. Control by this first differential of energy occurs when the second differential of the energy absorbed is negative, a condition easily met for crack growth in certain fully plastic cases. The driving force for the instability is a term, I that becomes greater than the lefm term, G, as plasticity occurs. The additional component is an exchange of elastic to plastic energy, a term that is system dependent and is thus the main driving force for a fully plastic ductile instability. A possible relevance to brittle fracture and to a system dependence of both initiation toughness and the whole crack growth resistance curve is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1994.tb01403.x
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